The Use and Potential Impacts of Forestry Herbicides in Maine:

acreage treated acres active ingredient adsorbed adsorption agriculture applied herbicide aquatic organisms areas biological birds Board of Pesticide chemical management commercial competing vegetation concentrations of herbicides conducted cover types degradation dicamba economic effect of herbicide evaporation floor and soil forest diversity forest ecosystems forest environment forest floor forest soils forest vegetation management forestry herbicides forests in Maine Garlon glyphosate and triclopyr growth habitat Half-life harvest herbicide application herbicide programs herbicide residues herbicide treatments herbicides in Maine's hexazinone imazapyr increase intensive management leaching levels long-term Maine's forests mammals methods microorganisms movement of herbicides nonforestry nontarget plants nutrient cycling persistent herbicide Pesticide Control phenoxy herbicides picloram potential for exposure productivity reported Roundup runoff water sediment silvicultural Simazine small mammals softwood Spectrum Research spray studies subsurface surface runoff surface water surfactant survey timber timberland toxic tree species triclopyr ester University of Maine vegetation control vegetation management practices water quality