The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |
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action activities administrative agencies American appeals applied appointed argued argument associate authority became Bill Black century challenge Chief Justice circuit citizens civil civil rights claims Clause commerce concern Congress congressional constitutional continued contract controversy corporate created criminal decided decision defendant discrimination dissent district doctrine due process early economic Education effect election enforcement equal established example executive federal courts Fourteenth Amendment freedom grant groups held holding important individual interest interpretation involved issue John judges judicial jurisdiction jury later legislation liberty limited majority Marshall means opinion party persons political position practice present President principles Professor prohibited protection question racial reasonable regulation rejected restrictions result rule Senate served speech standard statute Supreme Court tion trial United University upheld violated vote White York