Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam

ailments aswang bangungot beliefs and practices blood body Buhid Bukidnon buyag cause illness cause of illness Cebuano child Christian cites cold concepts contagion context culture defined described disease EM’s emotions engkanto environmental spirits ethnographies evil example explain Filipino ethnic groups Garvan germ health and illness health professionals hiyang hot/cold human humoral pathology Ifugao illness causation Ilokano Ilongots individual instance jocano juramentado Kapampangan Kulbi Leyte Lieban look MacDonald Malay Mangyan means medical anthropology medical systems mother Muslim mystical retribution mystical theories natural natural environment naturalistic theories Negrito norms notion one’s particularly pasma patient people’s perceived perceptions person Philippine languages Philippines pregnant refer relationships result rinawa rituals Rosaldo sakit Samar sickness social society sorcery soul loss suggest suicide susceptibility to illness syndrome taboos Tagalog Tagbanuwa Tausug term theories of illness traditional medicine usog Visayan Visayan languages widespread witch women