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edition of Cicero's Works is regarded by competent judges as the best which has appeared. It was finished in 1838, in eight large octavo volumes, admirably printed in all respects. In the last volumes, Orelli enjoyed the aid of his friend Professor Baiter. It contains all Cicero's works, including those which are spurious, and a most ample apparatus, with a Life of Cicero; indexes geographical, historical, legal, of forms, etc.; the Fasti Consulares, etc. Orelli also published a critical history of the MSS. of Cicero's works; also a valuable "Collectio Inscriptionum Lat. selecta, in 2 vols. ; and a careful edition of the entire works of Tacitus. Whether the last was completed, we do not know. Orelli was born at

Zurich, Feb. 13, 1787, and was a descendant of a patrician Italian family, who sought refuge in Switzerland, at the period of the Reformation. He was highly esteemed as a teacher, securing in a high degree the love and confidence of his pupils. In concert with his friends Hirzel, Bremi, Kaiser, Ott, Zschokke, Frey, Merian, and others, he labored with the utmost zeal in behalf of the Greeks, at the time of their emancipation from the Turks.

Mr. S. Prideaux Tregelles of Plymouth, England, has published a Prospectus of a Critical edition of the Greek Testament. He proposes to give : "1st, the text, on the authority of the oldest MSS. and versions, so as to present, as far as possible, the text commonly received in the fourth century; always stating what authorities support, and what oppose the text given. 2. In cases in which we have certain proofs which carry us still nearer to the apostolic age, to use the data so afforded. 3. In cases in which the oldest documents agree in certain undoubted errors of transcribers, to state the reading so supported, but not to follow it, and to give the grounds on which another reading is preferred. 4. In matters altogether doubtful, to state distinctly the conflicting evidence, and thus approximate towards a true text. To give the various readings of all the uncial MSS. and ancient versions very correctly, so that it may be clearly seen what readings possess any ancient authority whatever. To these we intend to add the more important citations of the earlier writers. The places are also to be indicated in which the common text departs from the ancient reading." Mr. T. published, in 1844, a Greek text of the Apocalypse from ancient authorities, and an English translation. This text has been well received by English expositors, and has been used to some extent by De Wette, in his late Exposition of the Apocalypse. Mr. T. has been already engaged in the work ten years, and has collated a large proportion of the MSS. He has yet to collate Gospels K M, Epistles of Paul D; also the cursive MS. marked 33 in the Gospels, 17 in the Epistles. "The especial desideratum is, however, a perfect collation of

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English Works-Smith's Dictionary.

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the Vatican MS. B, if this could be at all attainable." The spirit in which the work will be accomplished, is indicated in the following paragraph. "As to the text which I shall give, I wish to assure all who might feel any alarm on the subject of criticism, that I have to follow my authorities; and I desire and pray that God may enable me not to be guided by any preconceived thoughts of my own, but simply to attend to the truth of the text of his holy word, according to evidence. What the early Christians read as the genuine text of the New Testament, that I desire to read and edit."

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The 7th, 8th, 11th and 14th volumes of Clark's Foreign Theological Library consist of Torrey's Translation of Neander's Church History; the 5th, 10th, and 13th, of Olshausen's Commentary on the Gospels and the Epistle to the Romans. Two volumes, to contain Hengstenberg on the Genuineness of the Pentateuch, and one large volume on the Commentary on Daniel, Zechariah, and the Prophecy of Balaam, will soon appear. Four volumes, 8vo., bound in cloth, lettered, are furnished to subscribers for one pound sterling.-An edition of Prof. Stuart's work on the Canon of the Old Testament, with some Notes by Dr. S. Davidson, is about to be published in London. - A new edition of the Greek Testament is announced, with the Greek text and critical and exegetical notes (on the plan of Bloomfield), by the Rev. Mr. Alford, formerly of the university of Cambridge. We learn that Isaac Taylor is now editor of the North British Review, Dr. Hanna having retired. Mr. T. is a theoretic Episcopalian, and the Review will not, probably, be so closely connected with the interests of the Free Church as formerly. The great work which has been several years publishing in London, under the charge of William Smith, LL. D., entitled Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, is just completed. It is printed in small yet very distinct type, in double columns. The third and concluding volume has 1406 pages. The editor has been assisted by some of the principal classical scholars in England and by a few Germans. The names of the authors of the articles are in all cases given. The article on Plato, of eleven pages, was written by Prof. Brandis of Bonn, with one or two pages of supplementary literary matter by another person. Prof. George Long is the author of some of the principal articles, e. g. Tacitus, Virgil. From the variety of authors, there is of course great diversity in the style of execution. In some cases we notice a deficiency of information in regard to the best or latest German editions of the classics; Orelli's Tacitus, and Stallbaum's Plato, e. g., are worthy of a more discriminating notice than is given to them. Accurate information in regard to the best editions of the classics would be one of the main uses of a dictionary like this. The work contains an immense amount of valuable and well digested infor

mation, and will doubtless take the place of all previous treatises of the kind in English.

The Hellenes: the History of the Manners of the Ancient Greeks. By J. A. St. John. New edition. Three volumes in one. London, 1844. 8vo. pp. 424, 433, 475. In a touching dedication to his son, the author remarks: "The work has been produced and has grown up under very peculiar circumstances. Whithersoever we have travelled, the wrecks of Grecian literature have accompanied us, and the studies to which these pages owe their existence, have been pursued under the influence of almost every climate in Europe." "Here probably [in northern Africa], the action of pestilential winds, and of the sands and burning glare of the desert, commenced that dimming of the visual ray,' which in all likelihood, will wrap me gradually in complete darkness, and veil forever from my sight those forms of the beautiful, which have been incarnated, so to speak, in marble." A work, which is the result of so much loving and original research, could not well be otherwise than refreshing and instructive. It takes up and presents in a very readable and attractive form, without any parade of learning, such topics as the education of the Greeks, women, marriage, dwellings, amusements, rural life, slavery, and commerce and industry. A map and a very full index are supplied.

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A Complete Greek Grammar for the use of Learners. By John William Donaldson, B. D., head-master of King Edward's School, Bury St. Edmunds. London, 1848, 18mo. pp. 272.

Mr. Donaldson is well known as a classical scholar, and an able and original investigator in the philology of the Latin and Greek languages. His principal works, are the Theatre of the Greeks, fifth edition; The New Cratylus, or contributions towards a more accurate knowledge of the Greek language; (a second edition, enlarged and improved, is preparing for publication ;) Varronianus, a Critical and Historical Introduction to the philological study of the Latin language; and the Principles and Processes of Classical Philology applied to the Analysis of the Hebrew language. The present work is intended to adapt the conclusions of the New Cratylus to the use of younger students. "Though many Greek grammars,” the author remarks, "have appeared during the last ten years, there has been scarcely any attempt to connect the teaching of the language with a recognition of those general principles which are obtaining every day more and more acceptance with all scholars who are worthy of the name." We suppose Mr. D. here refers to grammars of the Greek language published in England. The remark does not apply to Germany nor to the United States. Our best scholars use, and have used for some time, the grammars of Kühner, Krüger, Madvig, etc., and other grammars which owe their principal excellences to those just

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Mezzofanti-Guyot's Lectures.

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named. Were we to make a criticism on Mr. D.'s work it would be, that it betrays a certain air of assumption and confidence, which are not quite befitting even in an advanced and able scholar.

The death of the well known cardinal Mezzofanti, the universal linguist, is announced. From his gentle and peaceable character, and from the fact that he died at Rome, we infer that he has taken no part in the late political transactions. Indeed, no man could well make war on one who was so harmless, and whose countenance was the very index of good will. For some notice of his extraordinary attainments, and of his person, see Bib. Sac. Vol. IV. p. 601. What has become of the rigid and unaccommodating librarian of the Vatican Library, cardinal Maï, we have not heard. We presume, however, that he accompanied the Pope to Gaeta. The new government have taken possession of the inestimable treasures of the Vatican. Every friend of learning and human culture earnestly hopes that these treasures will be allowed to remain untouched. Who would wish to see any of them in Paris or in London? Who can desire to look at Titian's great and undying works in any place but Venice? How strangely the Assumption or the Apollo would appear in the British Museum, or in a London banker's country seat! Yet there is great reason to fear that the Italian cities will be despoiled of some of their noblest works by the pressure of the times. We trust that all the European governments, in Italy and without, both monarchical and popular, will unite in preventing this spoliation. We see that the Pope and Austria are interfering in the matter.

Man Primeval; or the Constitution and Condition of the Human Being. By John Harris, D. D., president of Cheshunt College. Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln. 1849. 12mo. pp. 480.

The Earth and Man: Lectures on Comparative and Physical Geogra phy, considered in its relation to the History of Mankind. By Arnold Guyot, late professor of Physical Geography and History at Neufchatel. Translated from the French by Prof. C. C. Felton, with illustrations. Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln. Prof. Agassiz writes as follows: "Having been Prof. Guyot's friend from childhood, as a fellow-student in college, and as a colleague in the same university, I may be permitted to express my high sense of the value of his attainments. He has not only been at the best school, that of the Ritter and Humboldt, and become familiar with the present state of the science of our earth, but he has himself in many instances, drawn new conclusions from the facts now ascertained and presented most of them in a new point of view."

Sacred Rhetoric: or Composition and Delivery of Sermons; including

Ware's Hints on Extemporaneous Preaching. By H. J. Ripley, professor in Newton Theological Institution.

Dr. John M. Mason's works are published in four volumes 8vo., under the editorial charge of his son, Rev. Ebenezer Mason, who deceased as the last sheets were passing through the press. We regret that there is no memoir of a pulpit orator so distinguished as Dr. M. The impression which his eloquence made in England is still vivid on the minds of those who listened to him. The late eminent and excellent R. W. Hamilton, D. D., of Leeds, mentioned to the writer a number of incidents illustrating the power of his oratory. Another individual said that on entering the church when Dr. M. was delivering his "Messiah's Throne," he was instantly so impressed, that he passed some distance, and had taken his seat without being aware that his hat was still upon his head, till it was indicated by those near.

A new volume of the Select Sermons of Dr. Channing is soon to be published.-A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles for the use of schools and colleges, is preparing by Rev. J. J. Owen, D. D. A commentary on the same book by Prof. J. A. Alexander of Princeton is also announced. Mr. Putnam of New York has reprinted Layard's Nineveh, in two handsome vols. 8vo, with all the illustrations and wood-cuts of the English edition. An introductory note from Dr. Robinson is inserted. Two other English works, illustrative of oriental scenery, manners and objects, have also been reprinted by the same house, viz. Adventures in the Libyan Desert and the Oäsis of Jupiter Ammon, by Bayle St. John (son of the author of "Hellenes"), and Visit to Monasteries in the Levant, with numerous Illustrations, by Robert Curzon.-Lieut. Lynch's Narrative of the Dead Sea Expedition is in the press in Philadelphia and will soon be published.

Since the preceding was in type, we notice an announcement of the following works: Bibliotheca Judaica, a Biographical Manual of the entire circle of Jewish Literature, by W. Fürst, 1 Th. A-H.-Hagenbach K. R. Die Kirchengeschichte des 18 u. 19 Jahr., from the Evangelical Protestant Position, Vol. I.—Maurer Comm. in Vet. Test. Vol. IV., section 2nd and last, on Ecclesiastes and Canticles by A. Heiligstedt.-A School Grammar of the Heb. Lang, by Dr. Goldstein of Breslau.—The Proper Mode of rendering the word God, in translating the Bible into Chinese by Sir George Staunton.-The Life and Epistles of Paul in 2 vols., by Rev. J. W. Coneybeare and Rev. J. S. Howson, richly illustrated from drawings by W. H. Bartlett.

Several Articles, Notices, etc., designed for this No. of the Bibliotheca Sacra, are necessarily deferred.

Errata.-P. 385, 1. 4, for bend, read head; p. 386, for Derb el-Serieh, read D. elSerich.

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