30

335

34

36

When an infinitive, &c. is in the place of the nomi

6. Substantive verbs, &c. have a nominative before and

7. Conjunctions Kα, &c. have the same case after them as before them

8. Av, eav, &c. joined with subjunctive mood.

Av, kav, &c. give subjunctive meaning to other moods

9. One substantive agrees with another

10. Infinitives, such as eval, have the same case after them as before them

11. One substantive governs another in the genitive.

Adjectives in the neuter, without a substantive, govern
the genitive

12. Relative agrees with its antecedent, &c.

13. Prepositions, arti, año,

&c.

Some derivative adverbs govern the case of their pri-
mitives

17. Infinitive has an accusative before it, &c.

Infinitive governed by verbs, adjectives, &c.

37

38

40

42

45

46

43

CHAP.

Page

57

61

64

68

18. Cause, &c. put in the dative.

Sometimes passive verbs have a dative of the agent.
Comparatives and superlatives govern the measure of
excess in the dative

19. Adjectives of plenty, &c. require the genitive.

Comparative degree governs the genitive when trans-
lated by than

20. Adjectives placed partitively govern the genitive plural
21. Adjectives of profit, &c. govern the dative.

EOTI, for exw, to have, governs the dative.
All verbs put acquisitively govern the dative

22. Eu, &e. signifying possession, &c. govern the genitive.
Verbs of beginning, &c. govern the genitive

23. Two or more substantives singular have verb, &c. plural 24. Verbs of accusing, &c. with the genitive or dative, govern also the accusative

25. Verbs of asking, &c. govern two accusatives
26. Participles govern the case of their own verbs
27. Passive verbs take a genitive of the agent
28. Accusative absolutely, kara understood

29. Neuters plural have commonly verbs singular

30. Primitive pronouns in the genitive, instead of possessive

31. Impersonal verbs govern the dative.

pronouns

Χρη, πρεπει, &c.

▲e and xn, signifying necessity, &c.

32. Substantives, with participles, &c. put in the genitive absolute, &c.

Participles of impersonal verbs used absolutely

33. The time when, &c.

34. The question, whither, &c.

Adverbs in 0 and σi, &c.

The distance of place, &c.

96

100

105

41. Infinitive mood, or a participle, used to supply the place

of gerunds and supines

122

42. Verbal adjectives, governing a dative of the agent, &c.
43. Every verb may take an accusative of a corresponding noun

CHAP.

44. Verbs of sense, with the Attics, take an accusative
45. Participles and adjectives often put, by attraction, in the
same case with the noun or pronoun to which they
refer.

Attics often put the relative, by attraction, in the same
case with the antecedent

46. Adjective sometimes put in a different gender from the
substantive, &c.

Page

130

132

47. Noun dual may have a verb plural, &c.

48. Two or more negatives, &c.

49. The article, &c.

50. Ellipsis

51. Dialects

52. Prosody

53. Metaphrasis

OBSERVATIONS ON IDIOMS

136

138

139

142

145

164

190

204

207

Remarks necessary to be observed in writing Greek.

1. THE final letter is frequently cut off (except in verbs) from words ending in a, e, i, o, al, or o, when the following word begins with a vowel; as, Пlavt' eλɛyov.

ولا

2. All words ending in σ, and verbs in ɛ and take the following word begins with a vowel; as, Eixoσiv avôges.

when

3. N is changed into y, in compounds, before x, y, x, and into μ, before π, β, φ, Ψ; as, Εγχριω, συμφλέγω.

4. When the following word begins with an aspirated vowel, the tenuis, or intermediate consonant preceding, is changed into an aspirate; as, año ou Ap' où.

5. Ex and ov are used before consonants, s and oux, or oʊx, before vowels ; as, Εξ ύμων, ου τουτο, ουκ εστι, ουχ οὕτως.

6. The Attics use all contractions.

The manner of expression, in which each tense is translated in the second chapter, is retained, in general, throughout the work but as this could not be always done, and as there are many varieties of expression, which the most literal translation could not ascertain, small English letters and figures are affixed to such Greek words as might probably be rendered improperly.

6

RULES

OF

GREEK SYNTAX.

THE ARTICLE.

* 1. THE article is used to mark a distinction or emphasis. With the infinitive, it supplies the place of nouns, gerunds, and supines. With a participle, it is translated by the relative and indicative. With μev and dɛ, it signifies partly; and it is often used for ornament: as, (see observation 33-42.)

Αισχυλος ὁ τραγῳδος.

Κακων των πριν μνειαν

εχειν.

Τα εξω.

Εν τω φρονειν.

̔Ο ερχομενος.

Τ' ανθρώπειον γενος τῇ μεν
αγαθον, τη δε φαυλον.

Η νίκη ή νικησασα τον
κοσμον, ἡ πιστις.

Aeschylus the tragedian.
To remember former evils.

The things without.

In wisdom.

He that cometh.

Mankind are partly good, and partly bad.

Faith, the victory which overcomes the world.

CONCORD.

ADJECTIVE AND SUBSTANTIVE.

2. An adjective agrees with its substantive, in gender,

number, and case; as,

Ανδρες αγαθοι.

Ὁμιλίαι κακαι.

Εθνεα πολλα.

Good men.

Evil communications.
Many nations.

B