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ary last, to celebrate the three hundreth anniversary of the Heidelberg Catechism. Besides the Essays, the volume contains an Historical Introduction and two Sermons. The subjects are discussed with marked ability, and are of great interest to the student of history and theology. A full view of the objects of the anniversary and of the subjects presented, may be found in the July number of this Journal for 1863, p. 670, et seq.

"THE WITNESS PAPERS" is a collection of Essays, historical and descriptive sketches, and personal portraitures by Hugh Miller, edited by. Peter Bayne. The volume consists chiefly of his Articles in the Witness newspaper, while edited by him, on the church question. It also contains his celebrated Letter to Lord Brougham, which is one of his most successful performances. It was this that first directed public attention to him as a writer, and turned all eyes to him as the editor of the then contemplated Witness. These papers present the author" in a new character, as the champion of his church; and show how rich he was in resources for the part he was to act. They make us familiar also with the nature of the conflict between the Established and Free church of Scotland, which was terminated by the Disruption." There seems to be no propriety in calling this volume" The Headship of Christ." Such a title resembles too much the fanciful names now so frequently met with in popular literature.

“GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES," by the late Professor Carl Ritter, is a volume of 356 pages, translated from the German by William L. Gage. It contains a Biographical Sketch of the author, an account of his geographical labors, his Introductory Essay to General Comparative Geography, and several other papers relating to geographical science, The whole is prepared with good judgment and taste; and it will give a new interest and a new breadth to geographical studies. The work will illustrate also what the eminent Ritter did for the department of geography, elevating it from a mere summary of isolated facts about countries, cities, rivers, etc., to the dignity of a science. It places him in advance of all others in this department, in giving a right direction to geographical inquiries, and in extending the field of investigation. Few will have the leisure to study his Erdkunde (Physical Geography), embraced in nineteen volumes, in all, twenty thousand pages; but the principles which underlie that great work are presented in some of the papers of this volume.

"THE MERCY-SEAT; or, Thoughts on Prayer." By Augustus C. Thompson, D.D. 12mo. pp. 345. Those who are acquainted with the author of this volume, will expect much from him on such a subject, and their expectations will not be disappointed. The subject is treated in its broadest relations, and in a style and spirit which cannot fail to interest and profit.

The three preceding works are from the press of Gould and Lincoln, which has of late been prolific in good books.

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"THE MIRACLES OF CHRIST as attested by the Evangelists." By Alvah Hovey, D.D., Professor in the Newton Theological Seminary. 12mo. pp. 319. Boston: Graves and Young. - This is a timely volume, and discusses the subject with ability and candor. It sets forth lucidly the fallacy of scientific and philosophical objections to miracles, which have been raised by such works as " Essays and Reviews," etc, The study of it cannot fail to have a healthful influence among laymen or clergymen. The mechanical execution, at the Riverside Press, will satisfy the most fastidious eyes.

"LIFE AND LETTERS OF JOHN WINTHROP," Governor of the Massachusetts-Bay Company at their Emigration to New England, 1630. By Robert C. Winthrop. 8vo. pp. 452. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1864. —— Some recently discovered papers of the Winthrop family have brought to light important facts in regard to the early condition and fortunes of the first Governor of Massachusetts. Many of the letters have never been made public before. The volume covers the period of Governor Winthrop's life up to the time of his embarkation for America, "and exhibits the whole preparation and discipline through which he passed before entering upon his memorable New England enterprise." It consists largely of the letters of Governor Winthrop. These are charming specimens of the epistolary style of the times. Those to his wife breathe a tenderness, a warmth of affection, and a spirit of piety which it is refreshing to read.

Mr. Winthrop has done a valuable service in the preparation of this beautiful volume; and he will place the public under new obligations, if in another volume he will give the history of his eminent ancestor as the first governor of Massachusetts.

By the Rev. William 12mo. pp. 379. New Hanna here presents

"THE LAST DAY OF OUR LORD'S PASSION." Hanna, LL.D., author of the Life of Dr. Chalmers. York: Robert Carter and Brothers. 1863. - Dr. the scenes in the last day of the Saviour's suffering life in a clear and graphic style, the whole being a continuous and expanded narrative not only of the incidents themselves, but of "the characters, motives, and feelings of the different actors and spectators in the events described." One cannot rise from the reading of this volume without a most vivid and impressive view of the scenes it portrays. The author is soon to publish "The Forty Days after our Lord's Resurrection."

"A HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE." By William G. T. Shedd, D.D. In two volumes. 8vo. pp. 408 and 508. 1864. - These elaborate and beautiful volumes are the result of Dr. Shedd's investigations in the department to which they relate, while he was Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the Theological Seminary at Andover. The breadth and thoroughness of the discussions, the philosophical treatment, and the forcible style cannot fail to awaken a new interest in this much neglected department of theological study.

A COMPENDIOUS HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LITERATURE, and of the English Language, from the Norman Conquest. With numerous specimens. By George L. Craik, LL. D., Professor of History and of English Literature in Queen's College, Belfast. In two volumes. 8vo. pp. 620 and 581. 1863. - We have here the best means yet furnished for studying the history of English literature with the history of the language. The growth and changes of the language are clearly presented, and fully illustrated by specimens of the literature of the different periods.

"THE FOEDERALIST"; reprinted from the original text. With an historical Introduction and Notes, by Henry B. Dawson. In two volumes. 8vo. Vol. I. pp. cxlii and 615. 1863. The first volume contains an historical and bibliographical Introduction of eighty-nine pages by the editor, and the whole of the text of the Foederalist. The second volume, not yet published, is to consist of Notes by the editor. Our times will give special interest to the study of these volumes.

The three preceding works are published by Charles Scribner of New York, and deserve a fuller notice than we have space to give them. The mechanical execution fully sustains Mr. Scribner's well-deserved reputation for sumptuous books.

"THE BOOK OF PRAISE," from the best English Hymn-writers, selected and arranged by Roundell Palmer, is a choice collection of devotional poetry, happily arranged. It contains four hundred and twelve hymns, and in its whole execution forms one of the neatest and most tasteful volumes of the year. It is published by Sever and Francis, Cambridge, and printed by Welch, Bigelow, and Co. A more beautiful specimen of typography is rarely to be found.

The three following books are from the Massachusetts Sunday-school Society, Boston, published by William S. and Henry Martien, Philadelphia: Frank and Rufus; or, Obedience and Disobedience. By Catharine M. Trowbridge. 18mo. pp. 280. George Morton and his Sister, same author. 12mo. pp. 258. Little by Little. 18mo. pp. 224. These are attractive and instructive books for the young, - the two last just published.

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ARTICLE IX.

RECENT GERMAN THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE.

BY PROF. W. F. WARREN OF BREMEN.

Among the recent publications of the theological press in Germany, we select the following as most likely to interest American students:

1. Studien zur Kritik und Erklaerung der biblischen Urgeschichte, Gen. Cap. 1.- XI. Von Dr. Eberhard Schrader. 8vo. pp. viii and 200. Zurich. (Con

Genesis,

tributions to the Criticism and Explanation of Primeval History chap. I.-XI.) Dr. Schrader, a few months ago elected Professor Ordinary in the University of Zurich, brings us, in the above work, his first considerable contribution to theological literature. It consists of three Essays or Disquisitions entitled respectively: I. The Composition of the Biblical Record of Creation; II. Meaning and Connection of the Passage on "the Sons of God"; and, III. The so-called Jahvistic sections of the first eleven chapters of Genesis, a new investigation of their relation to each other. The discussions are fresh and clear, and evince a good acquaintance with the modern literature of the subject. Perhaps the most notable thing about his results is, that while De Wette, Tuch, Ewald, Stähelin, and other champions of the "Document Hypothesis" held that the Elohim document is a connected and complete whole, to which the Jehovah document is merely complementary, our author makes the latter quite as connected and complete as the former, while it is at the same time far more picturesque, lively, and readable. The author of the Elohim document he designates the "Annalist," the author of the other, the "Prophetic narrator." The object of the former is to narrate the earliest history of the world in chronological form, according to great epoch-making divisions; the aim of the latter is more the progress of the inward and outward development of man. The following passages he refers to a later hand, probably the compiler, or rather editor (Redaktor) of our present book of Genesis: iv. 25, 26; vi. 1–4; ix. 18 b, 19; ix. 20-27; x. 8-12, 18 b, 21; xi. 19. Under the expression "Sons of God," ch. vi. 1, he, like Kurz and other recent writers, understand angels. The question whether the passage was original with the Kedaktor or borrowed from some existing document, our author leaves unsettled: he thinks, however, that verse 3 was thus borrowed, while verses 1, 2, and 4 were original with the editor. In an appendix Dr. Schrader has arranged, upon confronting pages, the whole of the eleven chapters according to his view. On the left-hand page we have the history as given by the "annalistic narrator," on the right-hand page, as given by the " "prophetic narrator," while at the foot stand the interpolations of the Redaktor. The first verse of Genesis he translates, with Bunsen and others, "When, in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth," etc. The other modes of rendering it are fully discussed, pp. 40-57. To students of biblical history and criticism the work will prove interesting and suggestive.

2. The late Dr. H. A. C. Hävernick's Lectures on the Theologie des Allen Testaments has just appeared in a second edition, edited, with additions by Dr. Hermann Schultz. 8vo. pp. xiv and 284. Frankfort and Erlangen. The Preface of the former editor, the late Dr. H. A. Hahn, is retained, together with the laudatory Introduction from the pen of Dr. Dorner. The text of the work has been faithfully reproduced in the present edition, and the notes, literary references, etc., by the new editor, seem judicious and valuable. The excursuses, however, appended to the former edition, having

served their purpose in showing the personal opinions of Dr. Hahn upon various difficult points, have, in the present, been omitted, with the excep tion of the two entitled Die heiligen Verhältnisse der Israeliten, and Der Knecht Gottes, Jes. 40-66." To these Dr. Schultz has added one of his own on " Old Testament Prophecy." Although the work has many of the defects inherent in posthumous publications, we have little hesitation in pronouncing it one of the very best we yet have in this interesting field. It is free from the milk-and-water philosophy and persistent scepticism of De Wette, the heathenish indifference of Kaiser, the superficiality of Gramberg, the rationalism of Von Coelln, the Hegelianism of Vatke, the unpragmatical, mechanical method of Lutz, the dogmatism of Von Hofmann, the theosophy of Beck, and the blasphemous sophistries of Bruno Baur. Hävernick's views of revelation, of the Bible as its codex, of the development of the kingdom of God, of prophecy, and related subjects, undoubtedly underwent a process of liberalization in the course of his academic activity; but it was under the influence of a liberating, spiritualizing piety, not under that of a licentious, carnalizing scepticism. We only wish the honored man. might have been spared for a final ripening of his views, for ten years more study of his subject, and the production of a work on Old Testament theology, worthy at once of the culture of our age and the high importance of the theme.

3. Die Messianischen Prophezicen des Jesaias. Von Dr. G. K. Mayer, Domkapitular und Professor der Dogmatic in Bamberg. 8vo. pp. 505. Vienna: 1863. The author of this work on the Messianic Prophecies of Isaiah is one of the most prolific of the Roman Catholic professors in Germany. His first work of note was a treatise on the "Essence and Propagation of Original Sin" (1838). Since that he has written "the Genuineness of John's Gospel" (1854); “Man, according to the Creed of the Universal Church and in the speculative System of Günther” (1854-56); “The Belief in God" (1857); "The Belief in Jesus, the Anointed" (1858); "The Patriarchal Promises and Messianic Psalms" (1859). Of the last named, the work before us may be regarded as a continuation. It is an attempt to establish the belief in Jesus the Anointed, by a consideration of the various prophecies in Isaiah concerning him, seriatim. The author expressly declines all critical investigations, taking the text as it stands, and seeking to interpret it without any of the showy apparatus of modern learning. The result is, a work perfectly popular in its style, remarkably free from the mannerism and trite phraseology of Catholic writers, and actually refreshing in many of its pages to every true believer.

4. Enchiridion Theologiae Moralis; Auctore Dr. Carolo Werner. 8vo. pp. 352: Vindobonac. 1863. A very neatly-printed new Manual of Moral The ology, containing little that is new, but presenting the standard views of the old Catholic authors in a remarkably clear, lucid, and systematic form. It

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