kings, as the Roman governors of the time then were, are pointed out as the proper objects of civil obedience. But as the world draws toward its end, and God is about to destroy it, He, who turned commonwealths into kingdoms, may turn kingdoms into commonwealths; and that time may now be approaching.

I may be thought to overstrain the sense; but it is more agreeable to the context to sup'pose, that the powers of heaven which shall be shaken, signify the powers of government which shall be unsettled and removed from their old foundations. The powers in the natural heaven, the sun and the moon, which rule over the day and the night, are emblematical of empire and government upon earth * And besides this, the Scripture admits of no power amongst men, but what is given them from above and in that sense also is the

power

* Our late Bishop Newton, who was deeply versed in the language of prophecy, having quoted Isaiah, xiii. 9, 10, and Ezech. xxxii. 7, 8, and Joel, ii. 30, 31, in order to illustrate this very passage concerning the shaking of the powers of heaven, observes very justly, "In the prophetic language great commotions and revolutions upon earth are often represented by commotions and changes in the heavens." Dissert. on the Proph. Vol. II. p. 305.

power of heaven. This power has long been disregarded by some, while its existence is denied by others; and the object with all libertines is, to shake it, and cast it down, and shut it out of the world, and leave nothing but the power of the people; which, if it be taken for the power of authority, is a thing consistent neither with religion nor common

sense,

We are fallen into times, when the doctrine of the divine authority of government is received by the multitude with such pride, and impatience, and mockery, that it is plain their reason is disordered upon the subject. When their

opinions prevail, and they are permitted to assume to themselves that power which belongeth only to God, no greater calamity can happen to any nation. - This is the case at present with the people of a neighbouring country: and, surely, it is our duty to reflect upon that, as upon all the other ways of divine Providence. Some facts have been brought to to pass, of late years, so extraordinary in themselves, and of such magnitude, that we may justly be alarmed. For the same principles which have disturbed others, and brought their present calamities upon them, are at work daily amongst ourselves. It is to be feared they

were borrowed from us*; and if God, for the punishment of our manifold sins and corruptions, should suffer them to take effect here, they will put arms into the hands of all the disorderly people in the kingdom, and overturn our constitution in church and state; with such circumstances of distress, and perplexity, and terror, as can be conceived only by those who have been witnesses to such disorders.

From the prospect of things presented to us in the text, I beg leave humbly to suggest, in few words, how Christians ought to conduct themselves under such circumstances.

We,

In the last century great danger arose to society from enthusiastic notions in religion. Of later years, a grand levelling hath been adopted, which tends to confound all right and property amongst mankind, and strikes at the authority of God himself in church and state. One of the first books, in which this was openly done, was called the Rights of the Christian Church. It undertook to prove that the Church is the creature of the state, and the state the creature of the people, and that God himself, as the governor of Israel, became such in virtue of a contract between himself and the people at Horeb. This precious piece was turned into French by Le Clerc, and put into his Bibliotheque Choisie, which went over Europe, and probably sowed some of those thistles, which are now springing up, and threaten to overspread the face of the earth.

We, who teach, though in times that are bad, and daily altering for the worse, should never be ashamed of our true principles, nor weary of warning the people against the delusion of such as are false. If we should be opposed by those who treat us with scorn and contempt, for speaking as our duty requires, we should neither wonder, nor be troubled at it, but consider their insolence as a part of their distemper. Their opinion is of no more weight when they extol what they call liberty, than when they deny Christianity: and we commonly find a strong propensity to do both, in the same person. Some assert their freedom against God's institution of marriage; some against his institution of government: all promise themselves happiness in so doing; but all find servitude and corruption. This we should endeavour to make the people aware of, and admonish them still to pray for kings and for all that are in authority, as Christians did of old, and as the Church of England directs us to do now; that we may lead a quiet and a peaceable life in all godliness and honesty.

We are farther to insist, that God is fearful and just in his judgments; that he abases those who exalt themselves; that he violently takes away honours and riches, when they are abused

U 3

abused to the purposes of luxury and impiety; that he lets the wild boar of the wood into the vineyard of his church, to trample it down and lay it waste, when its fruits are become sour, and unprofitable; that men should therefore so live as to secure to themselves the protection of God, and be able to look up to him with confidence in the day of distress and perplexity. Whatever changes may take place here below, God is still the same. The Psalmist describes him as seated securely on high, upon the throne of his kingdom; while the people, like the restless waves of the sea, are vainly raging below: Ever since the world began hath thy seat been prepared-The waves of the sea are mighty, and rage horribly; but yet the Lord, who dwelleth on high, is mightier. Psalm xciii. Therefore will we not fear, though the earth be moved, and though the hills be carried into the midst of the sea: though the waters thereof rage and swell, and the mountains shake at the tempest of the same. This world must come to its end we should therefore not be dismayed at the signs, which make it probable that its end may be drawing near. For why? The same sea, which destroyed the wicked Egyptians, gave deliverance to the chosen people of God. We should have no desire to

put