passing from the oleaginous to the viscid state. Analysis gave somewhat negative results as to the chemical nature of the products in the two tubes (an aqueous solution had a strong smell of metaceton along with formic products; and the liquid in the second tube, treated with potash, alcohol, and ether, gave a precipitate resembling beer yeast, but which produced no fermentation); it was sufficienly evident, however, that very numerous and complex products are obtainable by this process. The authors add that the silent discharge is capable of dissolving certain organic bodies such as acetic acid; which, under its influence, gives carbonic oxide or marsh-gas, leaving a brown product soluble in potash. They are having new apparatus constructed specially for the above class of experiments.

66

Certain Spectroscopic Observations.-P. A. Secchi. -Referring to the dark line observed with the spectroscope, at the base of the chromosphere, and separating this from the edge of the solar disc, P. Secchi thinks it sufficiently explained by absorption in the chromosphere. Supposing the chromosphere 10 or 12 seconds high, certain rays from the deeper regions (he calculates) would have to traverse as much as 100,000 kilometres of its matter to reach the observer. He opposes the assertion that the chromosphere is wanting at the spots (M. Faye maintained on behalf of his theory that the hydrogen was in such a case engulphed ") stating that, in hundreds of observations, he found it absent only once, and then not near a spot. He supposes some unknown body to have intervened. The assertion referred to had arisen from observing that the weak light of hydrogen disappeared when the brighter light from a mixed layer of hydrogen and metals appeared in the field of the telescope. By narrowing the slit the bright line C would appear above these very bright masses. P. Secchi further gives an account, with sketches, of a remarkable ramified mass of hydrogen he observed on April 3, the upward velocity of which he estimates at 90'5 kilos. per second. It was quite isolated all the time. He is led to think the solar atmosphere must extend at least eight minutes; and he finds his observations justify Lord Linsay's photographs, and confirm M. Janssen's view as to the dynamic state of the solar atmosphere.

Application of the Pandynamometer to the Measurement of Work Done by a Steam-Engine, according to the Flexure of the Beam.-M. G. A. Hirn.

Extract from Memoir on the Application of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity to the Study of Articulated Systems Formed of Elastic Rods.-M. Maurice Levy.

Examination of Differences Presented by the Spectrum of Chlorophyll according to the Nature of the Solvent.-M. Chautard.-The author operated with solutions of chlorophyll in alcohol, ether, chloroform, various essences and oils, sulphide of carbon, &c. Among the oils he distinguishes between those which are naturally quite inactive with the prism and those which, with sufficient thickness, produce an absorption of certain rays. Among the latter are the oils from olive, colza, flax, and laurel; and the bands produced are, according to the author, due to the presence of chlorophyll, whether in the fleshy envelope (as with olive) or in the cotyledons of the seed. All these fruits and seeds, treated directly with alcohol, give a liquor having spectral properties which correspond to those of the oil. An alcoholic solution of ripe olives gives a spectrum somewhat different from that obtained with the ripened fruit.

NEWS

Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris, April 20, 1873.

At a meeting of the Society, held on March 21st, M. Grat West explained the object and principles of his work" Statistique des Volumes des Equivalents Chimiques." He proposes to reconcile the present chemical theories, to admit the electric popularity of molecules. M. Jannetaz presented a copy of his thesis on the propagation of heat in crystalline bodies. He arrives at the general law, that in crystals the major axis of conductibility is parallel to the easiest cleavage.

Researches on the Double Decomposition of Saline Solutions.-L. Joulin.--This important paper will shortly appear at full length.

Decomposition of Metallic Carbonates of Heat.L. Joulin. (See p. 211).

Crystalline Benzoic Acid obtained from Benzoin.M. Guichard.-In order to study the solvent action of bisulphide of carbon upon certain pharmaceutical products, the author placed, on June 23rd, 1870, gum benzoin to macerate in this solvent. During the siege of Paris the bottle was placed in a shed, and exposed to all the variations of temperature through the winter. On his return the benzoin was found solidified in the upper part, and under it voluminous crystals were fixed like stalactites. The bisulphide almost entirely evaporated in the waterbath, deposited on cooling very brilliant macreous spangles grouped in stars, and tainted with a little resinous matter. These crystals, as well as the former, had all the properties of benzoic acid.

Heat Disengaged in the Reaction of Hydracids and Water, and on the Molecular Volume of Solutions.-M. Berthelot.-This paper also is reserved for insertion at length.

On Rosolic Acid.-MM. Prud'homme. The procedure generally employed in the manufacture of this acid, commercially known as coralline, is heating for 5 to 6 hours to about 140° or 150° C. a mixture of 1 part oxalic acid, 1 parts phenol, and 2 parts sulphuric acid. Fresenius ascribes the formation of rosolic acid to the action of nascent oxide of carbon upon sulphophenic acid. The author holds that the presence of a sulpho-conjugate acid is unnecessary, and that the sulphuric acid merely acts as a dehydrator. In fact, rosolic acid is formed if the sul

NEWS

phuric acid is replaced by the boracic, arsenious, or arsenic acid. The two former of these if heated alone with phenol do not yield a trace of colouring matter. Arsenic acid alone with phenol gives a colouring matter, which Fel has named xanthic acid, but which must not be confounded with rosolic acid. If phenol is heated with sublimed oxalic acid, free from water of crystallisation, rosolic acid is produced. Ordinary oxalic acid heated for several hours with phenol yields no rosolic acid. If, however, certain points of the flask in which the reaction takes place are superheated traces of colour are produced at these points, as the case of sublimed oxalic acid is thus reached. From these experiments it appears that the formation of rosolic acid is simply due to the direct action of the nascent carbonic oxide. Fresenius has shown, by direct experiments, that the carbonic acid arising from the oxalic acid is without influence. Kolbe has put forward the hypothesis that rosolic acid may be regarded as formylic phenol, according to the equation C6H5OH + CO C6H4COнOH. The hypothesis agree with the author's experimental results.

Characteristic Properties of the Common Oils.M. G. Glæsner. (See p. 212).

Les Mondes, Revue Hebdomadaire des Sciences, par L'Abbé Moigno, Tome xxx., No. 17, April 23, 1873. Combustion of the Diamond.--An experiment lately made by Mr. Spence, of Manchester, seems to prove that under certain conditions the diamond is combustible at a much lower temperature than has been hitherto supposed. A South African diamond of the size of a small pea, coated with refractory clay, was placed in a crucible with a mixture of soda and hydrate of lime, and then heated in a muffle for three days and three nights. On opening the mass, it was found that the diamond had entirely disappeared, although the heat had never exceeded a cherry

Highly Soluble Collodion.--Adolphe Martin recommends the following form of gun-cotton for the preparation of collodion:-Take two parts of sulphuric acid at 66° Baumé, to which is added one part of dry nitrate of potash. When the mixture has reached the temperature of 55° C., cotton is put into it by small portions, taking care to immerse and saturate them as rapidly as possible. After steeping for seven or eight minutes, the whole is thrown at once into a large quantity of water, and washed rapidly till completely neutral. It is then carded with copper cards, to eliminate all pulverulent matters. of cotton are used to 300 grs. of the acid mixture.

8

grs.

presented a complete and detailed account of the experiments made, and the remarkable results obtained; as these experiments have been conducted on a very small scale, and, as important sewage works are in progress, the Council of the Society has decided to suspend the award of the prize. 6. Prize of 1000 frs. for refining, in France, Bolivian nitrate of soda, and extracting the iodine which it contains. Economic Arts.-Prize of 3000 frs. for an apparatus giving an electric current constant in direction and intensity, whose electro-motive force and conductibility shall be comparable to those of a nitric acid battery of sixty to eighty ordinary sized elements, and showing superiority in economy or salubrity over the machines now in use; the prize was awarded to M. Gramme for his magneto-electric machine.

Revue Universelle des Mines, de la Metallurgie, des Travaux Publics, des Sciences et des Arts Appliqués a V'Industrie, November and December, 1872.

The Mines of the Island of Sardinia.-M. Sella.From this long and elaborate report we extract the following:-The minerals constituting the metalliferous deposits of the island are very various. Those most generally met with are sulphide of lead, more or less argentiferous, sulphide of zinc (blende), sulphide of iron, or ordinary pyrites, as well as double sulphide of iron and copper. The sulphides of zinc and lead are often accompanied, at least in the upper part of the deposits, by oxidised minerals, such as carbonate of lead (cerussite), sulphate of lead (anglesite), and carbonate and silicate of zinc, which in Sardinia are both designated calamine. Less abundant are sulphide of antimony, sulph-arsenides and sulphantimonides of copper, of cobalt and nickel, grey copper and nickel. Still more rare are silver and pyrargirite. The proportion of silver in the galenas is very variable. That found in the veins, properly so-called, is much more argentiferous than those of the beds, in accordance with the calcareous stratification in the district of Iglesias. In these latter deposits, the silver ranges from 12 to 25 grms. per quintal of ore, but occasionally it amounts to 35 to 50 grms. in the mixed beds of galena, carbonate of lead, and calamine. In the veins, properly so-called, the amount of silver is rarely below 30 to 35 grms., and varies generally from 50 to 120 grms. A part of the mine of Sangiorgio regularly yields 560 grms. per quintal of ore, or 900 per quintal of lead.

Essay on Blast - Furnaces.-L. Gruner.-This paper does not admit of abstraction, whilst its great length and speciality prevent its insertion in extenso in our columns.

The Oxyhydrogen Light.-Report of F. Le Blanc, Gas-Tester to the city of Paris.-The author considers it proved that the manufacture of oxygen on the large scale is quite practicable. The proportion of nitrogen present was not found less than from 13 to 14 per cent, and, from a variety of causes, a higher standard of purity can scarcely be expected. There has been no opportunity of verifying

Nationale, No. 245, May, 1873

Report of the Prizes Offered by the Society and Awarded in 1873.—Chemical Arts.—Six prizes have been offered: 1. Price of 2000 frs. for the industrial application of distilled water; no candidate. 2. Prize of 1000 frs. for the industrial application of any cheap and abundant mineral product; no candidate. 3. Prize of 1000 frs. for a useful application of recently discovered metals; no candidate. 4. Prize of 3000 frs. for the artificial preparation of a black compact diamond; one candidate appeared, but, as the experiments of the Committee showed that the specimens sent did not fulfil the conditions required, the prize was not awarded. 5. Prize of 1000 frs. for a process capable of effecting the prompt and durable disinfection and clarification of sewage; the Engineers of the Municipal Service of Paris, commissioned to study the question of disinfection and the applications of sewage-water, have

year at least that the manganate of soda will serve without revivification. To keep the reagents in a serviceable state in the retorts, the air admitted must be previously deprived of its carbonic acid. His conclusion is that the Company Tessie du Motay has not been able to show any commercial economy, and that, for an equal amount of light, the system is more expensive than lighting with ordinary coal-gas. There may be certain special cases where this light, possibly too brilliant for ordinary use, will be advantageous. The hygienic employment of oxygen in hospitals is neither practically useful nor preferable to good ventilation. In certain cases, an excess of oxygen in the air might have an unfavourable influence. As regards heating and metallurgical operations, if we except the extraction and fusion of platinum by Ste.-Claire Deville's method, it is by no means demonstrated that this gas would be preferable to atmospheric air.

No. 17, February 27, 1873.

April 26, 1873.

This number contains no chemical or physical papers.

Annales de Chimie et de Physique, April, 1873. Memoir on the Elliptical Double Refraction of Quartz.-M. Marcel Croullebois.-The purpose of this memoir is (1) a direct demonstration of the existence of the two reciprocal elliptic rays, into which, according to Airy's hypothesis, natural or polarised light, incident on quartz in certain directions, is decomposed; (2) the laws governing this double elliptic refraction, or the transmission of rays through pieces of quartz differently combined, and of contrary rotations. After a mathematical study of the phenomenon, the author describes three bi-prisms he had constructed. The first, which he calls an elliptic bi-refringent bi-prism, has the form of a parallelopiped, composed of two prisms of quartz of contrary rotations, with the same refringent angle, and joined by their hypothenuse faces. The terminal faces are inclined at the same angle (80°) to the optic axes, and the two principal sections are at right angles. The instrument can be advantageously used in studying the various forms of polarisation, chromatic, plane, circular, and elliptical. In the second bi-prism, the terminal faces of the two quartz prisms are oblique to the axis, and their principal sections are parallel. The third bi-prism consists of two prisms of the same nature (lævogyrate), with the principal sections at right angles. Various experiments with these instruments are described.

Note on the Fusion of Platinum.-M. Henry Violette. The writer made some experiments on the fusion of metals in a little draught-furnace (only 1 cubic metre in external volume) which he had constructed at the bottom of an ordinary brick chimney, 30 metres high, in a saltpetre refinery. He could thus obtain an intense heat, rapidly produced, which he thinks might be utilised by chemists in various ways.

Report to the Academy relative to the Observation of the Eclipse of December 12th, 1871, observed at Sholoor, Hindustan.-M. I. Janssen.-This detailed account is in four parts-the choice of instruments, the voyage, the observation, and discussion. The last refers mainly to the nature of the "coronal atmosphere."

Considerations on the Disaggregation of Rocks: Increase of Volume in Crystallisation.-M. Fred. Kuhlmann. The author gives several examples of the fixation of water in crystallisation of salts at low temperature; the increase of volume having been found always proportionate to the quantity of water fixed. By such increase, M. Kuhlmann explains the swelling and distortion sometimes observed in building-plaster, the destruction of monuments, the disaggregation of pyrites exposed in moist air, and other phenomena. He considers the influence of crystallisable salts in saturated solutions might, in some cases, be substituted for the action of machines in division of rocks, especially felspar and the natural phosphates.

Heat of Solution of Salts.-M. J. Moutier.-Kirchhoff has shown that the thermic effect, when a solid or liquid substance is dissolved in water, is intimately connected with the tension of the vapour emitted by the

of soda, nitrate of soda, chloride of potassium, sulphate of potash, nitrate of potash, M. Moutier takes the last, by preference, and finds in it a new verification of Kirchhoff's theory.

Review of Foreign Work on Physics.-M. Bertin.

PATENTS.

ABRIDGMENTS OF PROVISIONAL AND COMPLETE SPECIFICATIONS.

DELIVERED FROM OCTOBER 12 TO OCTOBER 18, 1872.

An improvement in the manufacture of soap. Nicholas Bickford, chemist, Exmouth, Devon. October 14, 1872.-No. 3017. This invention consists in adding to soap, made in the usual way by alkalies, a very finely levigated powder or a solution of French chalk (creta gallica).

Improvements in apparatus for the treatment of sewage. MajorGeneral Henry Young Darracott Scott, C.B., Ealing, Middlesex. October 14, 1872.-No. 3028. The first part of the invention (having reference to the clarification of sewage only) relates to the method of supplying the lime to the sewage for the purpose of precipitation by the lime process, the main object being to economise labour, and effect the purpose by mechanical means. The second part of the invention consists in treating the sludge after its separation from the sewagewater, whether by straining, subsidence, or precipitation, by a process in which a stirring movement or agitating of the particles is combined with pressure and filtration.

therefrom. James Hargreaves, chemist, and Thomas Robinson, ironImprovements in treating sulphides, and in obtaining products founder, Widnes, Lancaster. October 15, 1872.-No. 3032. Sulphides of iron and manganese, or either of them, produced by deoxidising a mixture of oxides of these metals, or either of them, with sulphates of soda and potash, or either of them, are reacted upon by hydrochloric acid either in the gaseous state or in solution in suitable chambers or vessels, and chloride of iron and manganese, or either of them, thereby produced. When in the production of chlorides as above it is desired to produce sulphide of hydrogen we add the hydrochloric acid to nonoxidised sulphides of iron and manganese, or either of them. When we wish to obtain sulphur we take sulphides of iron and manganese, or either of them, after they have been exposed to the air so as to become oxidised.

Improvements in apparatus employed in the manufacture of sulphates of soda and potassa. James Hargreaves, chemist, and Thomas Robinson, iron-founder, Widnes, Lancaster. October 16, 1872.No. 3052. Our invention relates to improvements in, upon, and connected with the manufacture of sulphate of soda and sulphate of potassa, or either of them, by our direct action process, that is to say, by reacting directly upon chloride of sodium and chloride of potassium, or either of them, with sulphurous acid or its equivalent. First. To facilitate conversion of salt into sulphate, and to secure means whereby discharge can be effected rapidly, we dispose the chambers in a long single line, and construct each chamber with two doors, preferably opposite each other. Second. To facilitate the discharging of sulphate from converting chambers, we dispose the chambers in any convenient position, and construct them each with two or more doors, preferably on opposite sides, so as to be able to employ two gangs of men. Third. To provide means whereby the contents of a chamber can be more the carrying bars or supporters on movable pillars; upon withdrawal easily withdrawn than when the present grids are employed, we rest of these movable pillars the carrying bar or supporters are allowed to fall; the contents are thereby easily reached. Fourth. To construct manufacturing plant economically, and to provide means whereby such plant can be extended at small cost, and also repaired without disturbing general working, we place the series of converting chambers in a line, and dispose the sulphurous acid and gas flue along one side of the line, and the circulating gas flue along the opposite side. The said circulating gas and sulphurous acid flues are provided with lute holes opposite each chamber to receive the ends of movable syphons. Corresponding holes for the other ends of the syphons are formed in the tops of the chambers. Fifth. To provide proper flue space over each converting chamber by durable appliances capable of preventing radiation of heat, we employ instead of a brick arch a metal covering plate or piece; this is made to rest or be supported over the top of the chamber, and salt is placed thereon. In practice we prefer that the distance between the top of the cylinder and the covering plate should be about ten inches. The said plate or piece has, as wili

NEWS

be obvious, holes to receive the salt feed pipes. Sixth. To provide means for cooling the converting chamber, when such becomes necessary from carelessness on the part of workmen or from excessive development of heat during reaction, we construct air passages leading from the atmosphere into the space between the covering plate and the cylinder cover that the air may circulate over the top and downwards around the chamber. Seventh. As means for constructing large converting iron chambers economically, and also for facilitating transport, we construct them each in segments so formed with corresponding edges that they dovetail or hook one into the other. So constructed a new segment can be added at any part. Eighth. To construct the brickwork of converting chambers economically and to prevent loss of heat by radiation we build a thin brick wall around and at a short distance from each chamber. Between the said brick wall and another outer brick wall we place any convenient non-conducting material, such as a mixture of clay and ashes. Ninth. To ensure stability of the outer enclosing brick wall of converting chambers we build flat metal plates therein and employ vertical stays and cross ties to bind and secure the whole. Tenth. To dispense with the labour of shifting the movable flue after a converting chamber has been newly charged we construct a flue to each chamber within the enclosing brickwork, and employ a movable metal plate or door to close the outlet from the chamber which is for the time being the last of the series. Eleventh. To remove the gases remaining in a chamber after conversion has taken place and prevent their escape into the atmosphere we connect a movable syphon or passage with another chamber or with a flue to conduct the said gases to the condensing apparatus. Twelfth. To ensure that there is no leakage of gas past the valves we dispense with the fixed necks and employ movable necks or syphons to connect the chambers to the sulphurous acid flue and also to each other. Thirteenth. To provide means whereby the sulphurous acid or the circulating gases may be heated and the undue heating of the converting chambers thereby avoided, we construct the flues with spaces around or in contact with them, and into these spaces we admit heating gases. Fourteenth. To evenly charge a converting chamber with salt we construct a top with two or more courses of feed holes. Fifteenth. To render durable the steam jet nozzles and the throats through which the evolved hydrochloric acid and other gases are forced we construct such nozzles and throats of glass or earthenware. By throats we mean constricted passages through which the gases are caused to flow by the action of a jet of steam.

An improved composition for preserving wood, metal, stone, brick, paper, textile and felted fabrics, cordage, and cables. W. MorganBrown, engineer and patent agent, 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris. (A communication from FrédéricOscar Möller, of 22, Rue Lavoisier, Paris.) October 17, 1872.-No. 3067. This invention is for a composition for preserving wood, metal, stone, brick, paper, textile and felted fabrics, cordage, and cables, and is composed of gas-tar, marl, acetate of lead, alum, and sulphate of ammonia.

Improvements in the treatment of beer in order to prevent and remove acidity. H. Bethell, brewer, Victoria Street, Westminster. October 18, 1872.-No. 3080. This invention consists in the combined use of carbonates of potash and carbonates of ammonia in the treatment of beer in order to preserve it or prevent it becoming acid, and also to remove acidity from sour beer.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Zinc Powder.-(Reply to R. A. R.)-Metallic zinc is somewhat brittle at ordinary temperatures, but heated to 200°, it may be readily pulverised in an iron mortar heated to the same temperature.

Deodorising Naphtha.-(Reply to Peter Trumble.)-You may greatly improve the oil by distilling it over quick-lime first, and fiitering it next over granulated and freshly burnt wood-charcoal, but this will not entirely remove the smell.

Crystallising Pan for Nitrate of Lead.-(Reply to "Constant Subscriber.")-Use a leaden pan jacketted with iron if you use steam, and if fuel, let the lead rest on an iron plate so as to protect it from the direct action of the flame.

Crystallising Pan for Nitrate of Lead.-Some time ago I had a quantity of nitrate of lead to crystallise and the same difficulty presented itself. I found, however that it crystallised in a large stoneware pan without much trouble. The stone pan was put into a nonseam jacket with an india-rubber washer between them; and the steam was held in by the weight of the pan, though of course much pressure cannot be used.-B. P. M.

TO MANURE MANUFACTURERS.

The Lincolnshire Farmers' Association

is

desirous of receiving TENDERS for the supply of the PHOSPHATIC MANURE required by its Members during the next year. Several thousand tons of the Manure will have to be supplied; it must contain 26 per cent of soluble phosphate; and must be delivered (free of carriage) at the Depots of the Association at Grimsby, Gainsborough, and Sutton Bridge, either by sea or otherwise, and at Lincoln and Peterborough, in good, dry, and friable condition, for sowing by hand or with the dry drill.

Manufacturers willing to tender for the supply of the Manure at all, any, or either of the Depots, can obtain full particulars, as well as to the probable quantity required at each Depot, and the times and modes of delivery, as in all other respects, on application to me.

Tenders, addressed to the Chairman and endorsed "Tender for Superphosphate," must be sent in, under cover, to me not later than Friday, the 30th inst.

BER

ERNERS COLLEGE of CHEMISTRY.EXPERIMENTAL MILITARY and NAVAL SCIENCES, under the direction of Professor E. V. GARDNER, F.E.S., &c., of the late Royal Polytechnic Institution and the Royal Naval College. The Laboratory and Class Rooms are open from 11 to 5 a.m., and and from 7 to 10 p.m. daily.

Especial facilities for persons preparing for Government and other examinations.

Private Pupils will find every convenience.

Analyses, Assays, and Practical Investigations connected with Patents, &c., conducted.

For prospectus, &c., apply to Prof. E. V. G., 44, Berners-street, W

South London School of Chemistry and

4 p.m.

..

2 p.m.

9 a.m.

4 p.m.

Pharmacy. Director-Dr. JOHN MUTER, F.C.S. Hours of Lecture for Session 1872-73Chemistry (Inorganic) 10 a.m. | Materia Medica (Organic) 2 p.m. Pharmacy Botany (Structural).. II a.m. Classics (Junior) (Systematic).. 3 p.m. (Senior). Laboratory open for Practical Chemistry from 10 till 4. This School affords the most eligible opportunities for obtaining at once a rapid, complete, and practical knowledge of the subjects taught. All the fees are perpetual until the examination in view is passed, without reference to time. Country Students visiting London are placed in Lodgings registered by the Secretary, where no impositions are permitted to be practised, and where the prices are all on a fixed moderate scale. For terms, apply to the Director, or to W. BAXTER, Secretary.

231 and 285, Kennington Road, S.E.

THE LIVERPOOL

COLLEGE

OF

CHEMISTRY, 96, DUKE STREET, LIVERPOOL. Specially Devoted to the Study of CHEMISTRY, TECHNOLOGY and ASSAYING.

Laboratories open throughout the Year.

MARTIN MURPHY, F.C.S., &c., Principal (Successor to the late Dr. SHERIDAN MUSPRATT).

A Special Laboratory is devoted to Commercial Analyses of every description, and to Mineral Assays. Manufacturers' and Smelters' Analyses and Assays undertaken on Contract.

Patentees and Inventors Advised and Assisted. Works and Mines Inspected. The Erection of Manufacturers' Plant Supervised, &c. Terms and Fees VERY MODerate.

Further Particulars and Full Prospectus on application to
The Principal, MARTIN MURPHY, F.C.S. &c.

CHLORIDE of SULPHUR.

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ACETIC & NITRIC ACIDS.

MANUFACTURERS OF

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ESTABLISHED 1798.

ROBERT DAGLISH & CO., BOILER MAKERS, ENGINEERS, AND

MILL-WRIGHTS,

BRASS AND IRONFOUNDERS,

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.

JAMES A. LEE,

Engineer, Patentee, and Manufacturer OF WOOD PULP AND PAPER MILL MACHINERY, THE SEVERN ENGINEERING WORKS, NEAR LYDNEY, GLOUCESTERSHIRE,

Having found it necessary to meet the requirements of the rapidlyincreasing demand for his Machinery, and to obtain greater facilities for its further development, begs to notify to his friends and Agents in this Country and on the Continent that he has purchased new and extensive Works at Derby. All communications on and after March the 25th, 1873, must be addressed to JAMES A. LEE,

The Severn Engineering Works,

DERBY.

Makers of every description of Chemical, Colliery, Copper Ore, Gold Mining, and Glass Machinery, including Crown, German Sheet, and Plate Glass Plant, as supplied to some of the largest Firms in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

Makers of the latest Improved Revolving Black Ash Furnace, with Siemens's Patent Gas Arrangement, and as used in the Manufacture of Soda.

Improved Valveless Air Engines, and Pumps for Acid Forcing, Air Agitators, Compressors for Collieries, and Weldon's Patent Chlorine Process.

Caustic, Chlorate, Decomposing, and Oxalic Pans.

Gas Producers for Heating Furnaces.

Pyrites Burners for Irish, Norwegian, and Spanish Ores.
Retorts, Acid, Gas, Nitre, Nitric Acid, and Vitriol Refining.
Improved Steam Superheaters for Resin Refining, &c.
Improved Steam Sulphur Pans.

Illustrate "Lyell's Elements of Geology," and facilitate the important study of Mineralogy and Geology, can be had at 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, to 500 guineas; also single specimens of Minerals, Rocks, Fossils, and Recent Shells. Geological Maps, Hammers, all the recent publications, &c., of J. TENNANT, Mineralogist to Her Majesty, 149, Strand. Private Instruction is given in Geology and Mineralogy by Mr. Tennant, F.R.G.S., at his residence, 149, Strand, W.C.

DEATH OF BARON LIEBIG.
ESPECTFUL

RE

NOTICE is given by LIEBIG'S EXTRACT OF MEAT COMPANY (Limited) that the Guarantee Certificate of Genuineness of Quality, signed hitherto by Baron Liebig and Professor Max von Pettenkofer, will in future, in accordance with Baron Liebig's own directions made many years ago, be signed by his Colleague, Professor Max von Pettenkofer, the eminent Chemist, and by Hermann von Liebig, son of Baron Liebig, who has been acting as his special assistant in the Analysis of the Company's Extract. Thus the excellence of the well-known standard quality of Liebig Company's Extract of Meat will continue absolutely unaltered.

Silicates of Soda and Potash in the state of

Soluble glass, or in CONCENTRATED SOLUTION of first quality, suited for the manufacture of Soap and other purposes, supplied on best terms by W. GOSSAGE and Sons, Widnes Soapery, Warrington.

London Agents, CLARKE and COSTE, 19 and 20, Water Lane, Tower Street, E.C., who hold stock ready for delivery.

We are prepared to supply, on moderate terms,

HYDRATED PEROXIDE OF IRON (BOG OCHRE),

Same quality as supplied by us to several of the most extensive Gas Companies, and which has given entire satisfaction. FRANCIS RITCHIE AND SONS, BELFAST.

Royal Polytechnic, 309, Regent Street.

Mr. George Buckland's New Fairy Entertainment, The Enchanted Glen; or, the Coals, the Cake, and the Consequences. Written by Dr. Croft. Vocal Illustrations by Mr. George Buckland,

assisted by Miss Josephine Pulham, Miss Tinney, and Miss Lilie Bartlett.-Spring Buds; a Lecture for the time of year, by Mr. J. L. King-How to get to Vienna; a Descriptive Lecture, by Mr. B. Malden.-New Feats of Legerdemain, by the African Conjuror, Alexander Osman.-Professor Gardner's Lecture on Fuel: What shall we burn?-Many other entertainments. Admission Is. Open twice daily, 12 to 5 and 7 to 10.