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Fiat Justitia Ruat Coeuim.

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"We are too wicked ever to love them, as And what, beloved, is hatred, if it be not God commands us to do-we are so resolute hatred, to keep my brother man in the vilest in our wickedness, as not even to desire to do bondage, without a crime, for my own will or 90-and we are so proud in iniquity, that we will hate and revile whoever disturbs us in it.—and weak, and has a darker skin than ours, the my own emolument, merely because he is poor We want, like the devils of old, to be let alone colour which God has given him!!! in our sin-we are unalterably determined-and neither God or man shall move us from this resolution that our free coloured men never shall be happy in their native land." The A. C. Society, I say, finds this most base and cruel prejudice, and lets it alone-nay more, it directly and powerfully supports it.

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Think, oh think, how more deadly than any other wounds, are the wounds with which Christ is wounded, in the house of his friends. G. STEWART.

ARNOLD BUFFUM-66 THE HATTER -AND
REV. JOSHUA N. DANFORTH.

The first named of these gentlemen, is the Society-the last is an agent of the African President of the New England Anti-Slavery Colonization Society. Both have been travelling, of late, in the New England States, lecturing on the subjects of emancipation and colonization. Buffum is a member of the Society of Friends, and a Hatter. Danforth is said to be a Presbyterian and by tradea Preacher. Further, we know little of him. The former was long an influential member of the Rhode Island "Abolition Society;" and he occupied a seat, as a delegate from said Society, in the "American Convention for the Abolition of Slavery," &c. at its session of 1824, in the City of Phila

The A. C. Society finds 2,000,000 of its fellow men most iniquitously enslaved; and it finds a resolution as proud and wicked as the very spirit of the Pit can make it, against obeying God, and letting them go free in their native land. It lets this perfectly infernal resolution alone, or, rather efficiently supports it, for it in fact says, as a fond and feeble father might say to some overgrown baby before whose obstinate wickedness he quailed, never mind my dear-I don't want to prevent your beating and abusing your brothers and sisters-let that bebut here is a box of sugar-plums-do pray give them one or two now and then." The A. C. Society says, practically, to the slave holders, and the slave party in the United States: "We don't want to prevent your plundering 2,000,000 of our fellow men of their liberty, and of the fruits of their toil; although we know by every principle of law, which does not utterly disgrace us by assimilating us to Pirates, that they have as good and as true a right to the equal protec-delphia. At that place, the writer of this artition of the Law as we have; and although we cle became acquainted with him, and cheerfulourselves stand prepared to die, rather than sub-ly bears testimony to his superior talents, moral mit even to a fragment of the intolerable load of oppression to which we are subjecting them, worth, and devotedness to the cause of philanyet never mind-let that be-they have grown thropy. old in suffering, and we in iniquity-and we have nothing to do now, but to speak peace, peace, to one another in our sins. But if any of their masters, whether from benevolence, an awakened conscience, or political or personal | fear, should emancipate any, let us send them to Liberia :—that is, in fact, let us give a sugarplum, here and there to a few, while the many are living and dying unredressed,—and while we are thus countenancing the atrocious iniquity beneath which they are perishing." In this aspect I find the A. C. Society declar-ridiculing his professional business!—he repreing itself a substitute for emancipation:and it is in this aspect that I contend with it, and that I proclaim it, as far as it has this character, and no further, a bane to the colored people, whether enslaved or free, and a snare and a disgrace to its country.

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respective Associations to the consideration of It appears that, in urging the claims of their the public, these gentlemen have become involved in a spirited controversy. Buffum challengappears, the latter declined, while (in the plenied Danforth to a public discussion; but this, it tude of his "philanthropy"- perhaps) he undertook to cast odium upon his opponent, by

sented him as A HATTER !!! The Colonization Society has been very unfortunate, in selecting such a tool as this. He has rendered himself extremely ridiculous, while his conduct reflects no credit upon his employers, Buffum did not fail to retort upon his assailant the pointed shaft of satire. Alluding to the grave and weighty 'charge" of being "a Hatter," he makes, among others, the following cutting remarks:

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If you can lawfully publish this letter, I wish to avail myself of the opportunity, most solemnly and affectionately, to call upon all who name the name of Christ in America, to depart instantly from the deadly iniquity of Negro Slavery. And as they pretend to be either the "Must I record it? Well then, here it is!children or ministers of God, to remember that 'The Agent of the New England Anti-Slavery his name is Love-that the very object of his Society is-A HATTER !!' What! Hatter, coming, in the flesh, was "to proclaim liberty and he presume to know any thing about the to the captives, and the opening of the prison to rights of man? Monstrous absurdity! He them that are bound."-Isa. 61.1. That if He undertake to put his felt upon our blockheads? "so loved us, we ought also, to love one anoth- We'll teach him better than all that. He bring er."-John. 4. 11. That he declares, that "he great men, like us, into his hot water? That will that loveth not his brother, abideth in death."- never do. He ought to be bound with all the Is. 3. 14. That his first and great command-bits of his old broken bow-strings, and thrown ment is, "To love the Lord our God, &c. and that the man who says "I love God, and hateth his brother, is a Liar."

into his own dye-kettle till he is black enough to be colonized, and then, to complete the climax of his punishment, be sent to Liberia."

Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.

FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE TEXAS
COUNTRY.

(Burnett's Letter Concluded.)
"I do not design to portray Texas as a
paradise of immortality. Man is mortal
by the tenure of his existence, and must
die there, as elsewhere. But that it is
blessed with a climate of uncommon sa-
lubrity and delightfulness, is an opinion
warranted by the observations of all tray-
ellers, and obviously accounted for by its
locality and configuration. That some
parts of it will be more or less sickly, is
quite probable. Indeed, it would be
strange were it not so.

Some

how

time be troublesome visitants; but they soon retire from the haunts of inan. The Pecari, or wild hog, is occasionally met with in small gangs. They are of no value and will soon disappear. Panthers and wild Cats skulk in the thickets. They are not numerous, ever, and will soon be exterminated.Buffalo are seldom seen near the sea-coast. They descend in large herds from the Arkansas and Missouri, and furnish the principal sustenance of the Indians of the interior of Texas. Wild horses roam over the country; they abound particuBilious and in-larly on the river Nueces, and far in the termittent fevers are incident to all south-interior. Within the organized settlements they are not numerous, and are rapidly diminishing. They are often caught in droves by being driven into pens constructed for that purpose: and when taken young, under four years old, are easily subdued and domesticated.Many of them are animals of fine figure, but they are generally inferior in size to the blood horses of this country. They are of all colours, are hardy and active, and better adapted to the saddle than to harness. Mingled with the herds of Mustangs, or wild Horses, are frequently seen Jacks, Jennies, and Mules. Mules and Horses were formerly raised in great abundance, and made a principal part of the exports of the country, and will soon again become a lucrative branch of business, as it is attended with little labor Good Jacks can and trifling expense. be purchased in the neighborhood of the Rio Grande for about $20, and good unbroken Mares, which are equally valuable as broken ones, can be had at two to five dollars per head, and driven into Texas, at an expense, including all risks, estimated at about 50 per cent. on the first cost. A capital stock once obtained, and the subsequent expenses are trifling; the increase sure and valuable. whole face of the country, woodland and

ern latitudes, and very few northern ones
But there are
are exempt from them.
few regions, either north or south, where
bilious fevers are of a milder type, or
more within the control of medicine, than
are those which occur in Texas; and but
few, if any, chronic diseases originate
there. Lest I should be supposed to ex-
aggerate, which I certainly do not in-
tend, I will quote the authority of the
late General Pike, who travelled through
Texas in 1807, and who, in his journal,
under the head of Texas, says, "It is
one of the most delightful temperatures
in the world. The province is well tim-
bered for 100 miles from the coast, and
has some small prairies interspersed
through its timbered lands: but take it
generally, it is one of the richest and
most prolific and best watered countries in
North America."

“The rivers are well furnished with
The Red-fish

fish of different sorts.

abound in Galveston Bay, insomuch that a bar, which intersects it, takes its name from them. They ascend the streams for some distance, but I believe are not found above tide-water. It is a fish of excellent flavor, weighing from five to twelve pounds, and takes the hook with all the voracity of the pike. Oyster beds are frequent along the coast, and at most of the inlets. The oysters are fine, and sometimes large, and may be conveniently gathered. In the winter season, the waters near the coast are literally covered with wild fowl, such as Ducks, Geese, Brant, and Swan. Geese and Ducks resort in great numbers to the interior waters. Deer and Wild Turkies are common every where. The black bear is frequently found in the forests and cane brakes. Wolves, of several varieties, infest the country, and will for some

The

*The herds of wild horses present a beautiful spectacle when they are alarmed in their native wilds by the intrusion of an army. Instead of flying, as the deer and other timid animals, they gallop round in compact masses of many thousands, apparently for the purpose of reconnoitring the strangers; and frequently advance boldly to within a few yards of the line of march, where they halt to gaze at the troops, snorting and showing every sign of astonishment and displeasure, especially at sight of the cavalry. These droves are always headed by some fine looking old bashaws, whose flowing never been subject to man's control; and in the manes and tails plainly show that they have rear the mares and colts follow.-Literary Gaz.

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Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.

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prairie, upland and bottom, is verdant ed into as ample and well provisioned
with grass; and throughout the winter sheep-walks, as any country in the
season, the bottom-lands and cane brake, world, and I should judge the climate to
afford a fresh and apparently inexhausti- be happily adapted to the merino breed.
ble pasturage for black cattle, to the rais- "Texas is not only an agricultural and
ing of which, some of the emigrants have a stock producing country; but it abounds
lately turned their attention. The stock in valuable metals and other fossils.-
will seldom require even the slight trou- Many rich specimens of silver ore have
ble of salting, as licks are common, and || been found, and there is no question that
their instinctive propensities will soon this metal exists in large quantities. Tra-
find them out. Where they are confined dition speaks of gold. The master metal,
to cane-brakes, it will be advisable to use iron, has been discovered in many places,*
salt occasionally, on account of the con- and not remote from navigable water.-
stipative quality of that food; but when Lead has been found, without being
they feed alternately on grass and cane it || sought for; and whether it occurs fre-
is less necessary. It has been said, and quently, or in large quantities, I am not
not without reason, that it will cost more informed. I have seen samples of cop-
to raise a brood of chickens in Texas, per ore, taken from the head waters of
than an equal number of cattle. The the Brasos, that were almost pure. In-
one is feeble and dependent and confin- dications of stone coal have been casual-
ed to the precincts of the house, where ly observed. Salt springs have been dis-
its natural means of sustenance are soon covered in several places, and salt la-
exhausted, and it must be fed and pro- goons are spread over much of the coun-
tected. The others range abroad; are try on the sea board between the river
nourished and defended by their respec- Nueces and the Rio Grande. The
tive dams, who, feeding on the untilled water of the Brasos is sometimes percep-
and ungarnered harvest of nature, are tibly impregnated with salt, which pro-
very soon competent to protect and sup- ceeds from an immense depository of
port themselves.
that mineral, near its source. In Bur-
"The horses, mules, black cattle, hogs, net's grant, on the waters of the Netches,
and sheep of Texas will always find good there is a copious salt spring, the water
markets in the West India Islands and of which is said to be so strong that com-
in Louisiana. At present the beef cat-
mon salt is not soluble in it. It spreads
tle and hogs are slaughtered at St. An- over a surface of several hundred yards,
tonio de Bexar; but that market is limit- and the ground is thickly incrusted with
ed and precarious. In many parts of it by natural evaporation. Salt is made
Texas hogs may be raised in great num-in considerable quantities at the mouth
of the Brasos. The water is extracted
Acorns, pe-
bers, on the native mass.
cans, hickory nuts, &c. with the several from a well about 20 feet deep, in the
varieties of grass and many kinds of roots, salt marshes which line the coast in that
afford them ample sustenance throughout quarter. In short, Texas is abundantly
the year.
But these advantages are inci- furnished with this indispensable article.
dental and peculiar to a new country, and Many years will not elapse, before the
will of course gradually disappear as the Minerals of Texas will attract the atten-
settlements become compact and the tion of mineralogists whose researches
ground is occupied. They nevertheless will probably lead to developements of yet
contribute much to the comfort and pros-unexplored and incalculable riches.
perity of early settlers, and will, for years
to come, be measurably enjoyed in the
territory under consideration. There are
but few sheep at present in the southern
part of Texas. They are raised in large
herds on the Prairies of the northern part
near the Rio Grande; but the wool is
not of the best kind. In all the middle
and maratime districts, the herbage is
generally too luxuriant, and the tempera-
ture is too high for that delicate and fas- ||
tidious animal, but the interior and hilly
regions are susceptible of being convert-

It

was a part of the colonial policy of the ancient government, induced by the proximity of the country to the United States, to prohibit all such investigations within this frontier Province.

"Among the inducements to emigration presented by this interesting coun

*From the neighborhood of the Saline, thirty or forty miles west, the country contains vast On some of the eminences beds of iron ore. the road is, literally, "M'Adamised” with iron gravel! The level land, and the bottoms are, at the same time, exceedingly productivie.

ED. G. U. E.

Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.

try, the facility and cheapness of access Mexico is short and mild, nearly as warm to it, are by no means inconsiderable.- as our summer. It is considered over A passage from New York to Galveston by the first of January. On the 20th of may be effected as soon, as cheaply, and last January, spring was rapidly advancas pleasantly, as to New Orleans; and ing. My correspondent writes, that the vessels of any size that can reach the one trees were putting forth their leaves; the place, may have easy access to the other. flowers were in bloom; the birds singing Indeed, Galveston, as a harbor, is much round him, and the farmers ploughing superior to New Orleans. The depth of and sowing. All the fashion of the city water on the respective bars is about of Mexico were promenading the streets, equal; but Galveston has an immense gaily dressed, without any covering on advantage in lying directly on the Gulf, their heads, till late at night, enjoying and not requiring the costly aid of steam the mild and refreshing air, under the tow boats to conduct shipping to its des- light of the brightest moon he had ever tined haven. The situation of Galves-seen. The atmosphere was so pure, and ton for foreign commerce is very felicit-cloudless, that the moon gave a light suous. The Gulf of Mexico is spread out perior to that of the sun in countries before it. Cuba is near at hand, and all where vapors and clouds intercept its the Islands of the West Indies are with-rays. A Mexican might say, that "the in a few day's sail, as is also the entire moon is twice as big in his country as it coast of Central America, of Venezuela is in England.” and of Colombia. The current of the Gulf Stream, the great River of the Ocean, is at hand to sweep her vessels, with accelerated rapidity, to the eastern Atlantic. The ports of Matamoros, Tampico, Alvarado, Vera Cruz, and Campeachy, all within the government of Mexico, are open to her commerce, free of charges; and will always afford rich and extensive markets for the lumber, the provisions, and to some extent, for the cotton of Texas. Indian corn is never worth less than one dollar, and often commands from two to three dollars per bushel, at either of those ports.Beans, peas, potatoes, and other culina-rence, by the people of this country. ry vegetables are always in demand, and therefore, be proper to ask the public attention may be produced in any desirable to the following letter to his grandson, T. J. tity. No country promises a more ample Randolph, which we copy from a newspaper. remuneration to the industry of its inhabi-It was read in the Legislature of Virginia at its tants than this, and the laws of none hold forth stronger protection to the labor of respectable emigrants. Popula-writer in every particular, relative to this subtion she wants-sober, industrious, vir-ject; but we forbear making any comment now. tuous, republican population. With that, Towards the close we have emphasized a few she will compete with the choicest sec- words, to which we specially invite the attentions of the globe, in all that is requisite tion of the Philanthropist. to secure the happiness and prosperity of man."

WINTER IN MEXICO.

quan

My heart bounds at the idea, that a country, thus delightful in its seasons, is destined to perpetual freedom. Faction, anarchy, and war, for a time, obscure the rays of well regulated liberty; but its general light must, in the lapse of a few years, attain its full radiance and glory, and gladden the hearts, and shed blessings on the heads of the improving inhabitants of our sister republic."

JEFFERSON'S OPINION.

The sentiments of this justly celebrated statesman are looked up to with a kind of reveIt may,

late session.

We do not precisely agree with the venerable

MONTICELLO, Aug. 25,-'14. DEAR SIR-Your favor of July 31, was duly received, and was read with peThe following brief descriptive account of a culiar pleasure. The sentiments breathwinter scene, at the capital of the Mexican Re-ed through the whole do honor to both public, with the reflections appended to it, are the head and the heart of the writer. interesting. It is copied from a late letter, Mine, on the subject of the slavery of written by a gentleman in the western country. negroes, have long since been in possesIn Texas, as well as further, south, little or no sion of the public, and time has only winter is known. The inhabitants begin to plant served to give them stronger root. The corn in the latter part of January. love of justice, and the love of country, "You are aware that the winter in plead equally the cause of these people,

Fiat Justitia Ruat Coelum.

had made towards this point the progress I had hoped. Your solitary but welcome voice is the first which has brought this sound to my ear; and I have considered the general silence which prevails on this subject as indicating an apathy unfavorable to every hope. Yet the hour of emancipation is advancing in the march of time. It will come; and whether brought on by the generous energy of our own minds, or by the bloody process of St. Domingo, excited and conducted by the power of our present enemy, if once stationed permanently within our country, and offering asylum and arms to the oppressed, is a leaf of our history not yet turned over.

and it is a moral reproach to us that they should have pleaded it so long in vain, and should have produced not a single effort, nay I fear not much serious willingness, to relieve them and ourselves from our present condition of moral and political reprobation. From those of a former generation, who were in the fulness of age when I came into public life, which was while our controversy with England was on paper only, I soon saw that nothing was to be hoped. Nursed and educated in the daily habit of seeing the degraded condition, both bodily and mental, of those unfortunate beings, not reflecting that that degradation was very much the work of themselves and their fathers, few minds had yet doubted As to the method by which this diffi. but that they were as legitimate subjects cult work is to be effected, if permitted of property as their horses or cattle. to be done by ourselves, I have seen no The quiet and monotonous course of co-proposition so expedient on the whole, lonial life, had been disturbed by no as that of emancipation of those born alarm, and little reflection on the value of after a certain day, and of their educaliberty; and when alarm was taken at an tion and expatriation at a proper age. enterprise on their own, it was not easy This would give time for the gradual to carry them the whole length of the extinction of that species of labor and principles which they invoked for them- substitution of another, and lessen the selves. In the first or second session of severity of the shock which an operation the Legislature, after I became a mem- so fundamental never fails to produce. ber, I drew to this subject the attention The idea of emancipating the whole at of Col. Bland, one of the oldest, ablest, once, the old as well as the young, and and most respected members, and he un- retaining them here, is of those only who dertook to move for certain moderate ex- have not the guide of either knowledge tensions of the protection of the laws to or experience of the subject. For men, these people. I seconded his motion, probably of any color, but of this color and, as a younger member, was more spar- we know, brought up from their infancy cd in the debate; but he was denounced without necessity, forethought or foreas an enemy to his country, and was treat- cast, are by their habits rendered as ined with the grossest indecorum. From capable as children of taking care of an early stage of the revolution, other themselves, and are extinguished promptand more distant duties were assigned ly whenever industry is necessary for me, so that from that time till my return raising the young. In the mean time, from Europe in 1789, and I may say, till I they are pests in society by their idlereturned to reside at home in 1809, I had ness, and the depredations to which this little opportunity of knowing the pro-leads them. Their amalgamation with gress of public sentiment here, on this subject. I had always hoped that the younger generation, receiving their early impressions after the flame of liberty had been kindled in every breast, and had I am sensible of the partialities with become, as it were, the vital spirit of which you have looked towards me, as every American, that the generous tem- the person who should undertake this perament of youth, analagous to the salutary but arduous work. But this, motion of their blood, and above the sug- my dear sir, is like bidding old Priam to gestions of avarice, would have sympa-buckle the armor of Hector trementithised with oppression wherever found, bus ævo humeris et inutile ferrum cingi.1 and proved their love of liberty beyond No. I have overlived the generation their own share of it. But my intercourse with them, since my return, has not been sufficient to ascertain that they

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the other color produces a degradation to which no lover of his country-no lover of excellence in the human character -can innocently consent.

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with which mutual labors and perils begot mutual confidence and influence.— This enterprise is for the young;` for

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