from which the members call themselves the Lord's Watch, Herrn-huter. It is now a flourishing little town of 1400 inhabitants, distinguished by the order and cleanliness which prevail in it. It is the seat of a bishop, and the central point of the government and commerce of the sect, which, in 1832, numbered 42 settlements in different parts of the world. The Moravians profess the doctrines of the Confession of Augsburg, but bear some resemblance to the Quakers in their inspirations, and the plainness of their dress. The female costume is distinguished by variously coloured ribbons. The girls wear red married women, deep red-married, blue-and widows, grey or white. The meeting-house, the sale-rooms for the articles manufactured here, and the Cemetery of the community on the Hutberg, all deserve to be visited. The Cemetery is a very interesting spot, commanding a lovely prospect, and laid out like a pleasureground, excepting the flat gravestones, quite plain, and bearing merely the name and dates of birth and death; that of Count Zinzendorf, is distinguished from the rest only by its larger dimensions.

Inn, Das Gemeinlogie.

un

In proceeding from Löbau to Breslau, the first place within the frontier of Prussia is

1 Reichenbach. Inn, Schwan. 1 Görlitz. Inns: Goldener Baum; - Brauner Hirsch. A flourishing little town, which belonged to Saxony previous to 1815; it is picturesquely situated on the Neisse, with 11,000 inhabitants. Much cloth and linen are made here. The Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, a building of the XVth century, and one of the largest in Saxony, is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture. The subterranean chapel, hewn in the rock beneath, is curious. In the Kreutzkirche there is a representation of the Holy Sepulchre. About three miles off, in

the valley of the Neisse, rises the picturesque hill of Landeskrone, surmounted by basalt, and commanding a fine view.

From Görlitz an excursion may be made into Bohemia, to the Baths of Liebewerda, about 18 miles distant, romantically situated, and provided with good accommodation, though retired and not much frequented. The waters resemble those of Spa. There are some beauti

ful valleys around it, and in the neighbourhood the convent of Haindorf, and the château of Friedland, from which the celebrated Wallenstein received his title of Duke. It was presented to him, with its dependent estates, by the Emperor Ferdinand, as a compensation for the property he had sacrificed in his cause. It now belongs to the Count Clam Gallas; and still contains some relics of its original owner, with collections of armour, pictures, &c. The ascent of the Tafelfichte, 3400 feet high, may be made from Liebewerda, from which it is about 4 miles distant. 14 miles S. of Friedland is Reichenberg, the most rising manufacturing town of Bohemia, and second only to Prague in population, having 14,000 inhabitants. Its manufactures, especially those of linen, are most important and flourishing.

Between Görlitz and Liegnitz there are two roads, equal in distance; both are given here, but the first is most agreeable from the pretty country over which it passes.

34 Lauban. Inn, Brauner Hirsch. A manufacturing town on the Queis; 4500 inhabitants.

The traveller bound to the Riesengebirge will here turn to the right and proceed by Greiffenberg, 24 German miles to Hirschberg, 4 German miles; where he falls into Route LXXXIII. (p. 374.)

3 Löwenberg, a town of 4000 inhabitants, on the Bober.

3 Goldberg. Inns: Pelican; Drei Bergen. A town of 6400 inhabitants, who are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of cloths. It lies upon the Katsbach, a small stream, but memorable in history from the battle named after it, gained by Blücher over the French in 1813.

The Wolfsberg, on the W. of the town, was a point severely contested. Blücher received, as a reward for his services, the title of Prince of Wahlstadt, from a small village of that name, with a convent now suppressed, between Liegnitz and Jauer. It had rained for four days in succession previous to the battle, and continued to rain while it lasted, so that powder was useless; and the victory was gained by the bayonet and the butt-end of the musket: 102 French cannon were taken. The fiercest part of the battle raged between Wahlstadt and Eicholz, near which a monument has been erected by the King of Prussia. The convent of Wahlstadt was built to commemorate the triumph of the Christian chivalry of Europe over the barbarous hordes of Asia; in a great battle, fought near the same spot in 1241, between the Duke of Silesia and the army of the Mogul Tartars. Wallenstein was a pupil of the Burgherschool in Goldberg. He entered it in 1597.

2 Liegnitz. Inns: Rautenkranz ; Schwarzer Adler. This town, of 11,000 inhabitants, is prettily placed on the junction of the Katsbach and Schwarzwasser. The Schloss is an extensive building, the S. front of it is as old as the time of the Piast Dukes, it has recently been injured by fire. In the Furstencapelle are the monuments of the Piast Dukes, the family became extinct 1675, after having given 24 kings to Poland, and 123 dukes to Liegnitz, dating from 775. The Rathhaus is venerable for its antiquity, and contains some old armour. The building of the Ritter Academie, an institution for the education of the sons of Silesian nobles, is handsome. The New Cemetery for Protestants and Catholics, outside the

town, on the right of the road to Breslau, should be visited.

The other road leads from Görlitz to 34 Waldau.

3 Bunzlau. This place lies on the direct road from Berlin to the Riesengebirge. Route (LXXXIII.) 2 Liegnitz.

24 Parehwitz. We here fall into the high road from Berlin to Breslau. (Route LXXXI.) 23 Neumarkt. 24 Saara.

2 BRESLAU. (page 368.)

BERLIN

ROUTE LXXXIII.
THE RIESENGEBIRGE.*

TO HIRSCHBERG
BRUNN AND LANDSHUT
EXCURSION TO ADERSBACH.

General Information.

WARMWITH THE

The

The range of mountains separating Silesia from Bohemia, is called Riesengebirge (Giant mountains); the chief of this chain is the Schneekoppe (Snow-head), the highest mountain in Germany north of the Danube, being 4983 feet above the sea. outline of the chain is rather swelling than bold, but within its valleys are scenes of great beauty, enhanced in the eyes of the Germans of the north by being contrasted with the wearisome flatness and monotony of their own country. It must be understood that the scenery of the Riesengebirge will bear no comparison with that of the Alps, either in elevation, grandeur, or beauty. beauties are limited to a pleasing variety of hill and dale, wood and water, rich verdure and fertility of soil, numerous towns and villages planted in romantic valleys by the side of rivers, inhabited by an industrious population and enlivened by prosperous manufactures. These features give to the country an agreeable

Its

aspect; and, in conjunction with its Mineral Baths, render it annually the resort of a multitude of strangers.

The best approaches to the Riesengebirge are from Dresden or Breslau (Routes LXXXI. & LXXXII.); the direct road from Berlin is bad, and the country traversed uninteresting.

The following are some of the most interesting points proceeding from west to east, and passing from the Saxon and Prussian into the Austrian territory. The Moravian colony of Hernnhutt, though not within the Riesengebirge, lies at a short distance from their western extremity. The Baths of Liebewerda, and Wallenstein's castle of Friedland, under the Tafelfichte, one of the highest of the range of the Riesengebirge, may be visited by making short detours from the high road. (Route LXXXII. p. 371.)

The tour of the Riesengebirge properly begins at Hirschberg and Warmbrunn (p. 374.), which are the most central points for making excursions, and the best head-quarters, as affording tolerable accommodation. Owing to the changeableness of the weather, the ascent of the Schneekoppe, which is usually made from Hirschberg or Schmiedeberg, very often does not repay the trouble. The river Elbe rises from the southern base of this mountain, at the head of a beautiful valley. The country between Hirschberg, Schmiedeberg, and Landshut, is the Paradise of Silesia.

No one should quit the Giant Mountains without exploring the Labyrinth of Adersbach, the most singular spot in the district, but lying within the Bohemian frontier. It may be best visited from Landshut, or Waldenburg. Between Schmiedeburg and Breslau rises the Zobten, an isolated mountain; the advanced guard, as it were, of the Riesengebirge towards the north; commanding a very extensive view.

The Riesengebirge are the theatre of the exploits of the mischievous

spirit called Rübezahl, whose name is well translated into English by that of Number Nip (i. e. turnip numberer). There is hardly a mountain, or a glen, in the country without its legend of this popular demon.

There are very good inns at the towns of this district, and in remote spots on the mountains, the traveller, not over fastidious, may be tolerably well accommodated, without any luxury, in the buildings called Baude, resembling somewhat the chalets of the Alps. Detailed information respecting the most remarkable spots in the Riesengebirge is given in this and the following Routes.

The distance from Berlin to Hirschberg is 41 Prussian miles = 191 English miles.

This road is travelled by a Fahrpost, twice a week; a portion of it only is macadamized, and it is very uninteresting, so that, as before observed, instead of going direct from Berlin to Hirschberg, it is better to approach that place from Dresden or Breslau. As far as

11 Frankfort on the Oder the Route has been described at page 367. 44 Neuzelle. Inn: Weisser

3 Sorau. Inns: Sonne; - Stern; a town of 4600 inhabitants; in a sandy plain.

2 Sagan. Inn: Ritter St. Georg; a town of 5500 inhabitants, on the Bober; the Château was begun by Wallenstein; attached to it is a fine garden and park. It now belongs to the Princess of Curland. The road is good as far as

2 Sprottau. Inn: Deutsches Haus; a town of 3000 inhabitants. Beyond, the country is sandy, and the road heavy, running for 2 stages by the