good; 9000 inhabitants, on the Eem; is noted as the birthplace of Barneveld, Grand Pensionary of Holland.

There are manufactures of bombazeen here, and much tobacco is cultivated and dried in the neighbourhood.

About 5 miles from AMERSFOORT is the beautiful villa of Soestdyk, presented by the States of the Netherlands to the Prince of Orange, in gratitude for his conduct at Waterloo : it is prettily situated, surrounded with gardens.

22 De Klomp.

34 ARNHEM.-Inns. Golden Eagle; Sun (Zon); Peacock (Pauw). The Post, outside the gate leading to the Rhine, is no longer the best.

Arnhem, chief town of Guelder. land, on the right bank of the Rhine, a few miles below the point where the Yssel branches off from it: has 15,000 inhabitants. It was fortified by Coerhorn: the ramparts are now turned into walks. The Cathedral contains the monuments of the Dukes

of Gueldres. Though Arnhem itself has not many attractions to detain the traveller, its neighbourhood abounds in villas, parks, and gardens; one of the finest being that of the Baron de Hackeren, called Sonsbeek. Further on, at a distance of about 4 miles, near the village of Velp, are several fine country seats, called Bilioe, Beekhuisen, Rozendaal, Middachten Reederoord, &c. to the gardens of which the public are allowed admittance. This part of Guelderland may, indeed, be termed "the Dutch Paradise;" but its chief attractions, beside those which it derives from art, are, the abundance and purity of its flowing streams, to which the native of other provinces of Holland is a stranger, and the beauty of the trees.

Inns,

2 ZWOLLE. Keizer's Kroon;-Heerenloegment. The capital of Overyssel is a prosperous commercial town of 14,000 inhabitants, remarkable for its cleanliness, situated on a small stream called the Zwarte Water. The reformed Church of St. Michael contains a handsome carved

pulpit. The gardens and walks about the town are very agreeable. A convent, which once stood on the hill of St. Agnes, was the residence, for 64 years, of Thomas à Kempis, whose work on the "Imitation of Christ" is translated into almost every living language. He died here in 1741.

The roads beyond Zwolle, and indeed through the N. W. provinces of Holland, are execrable, on which account

34 MEPPEL. - Inn, Heerenlogement. About 15 miles from Meppel, and 3 from Steenwyk, are the pauper agricultural colonie sof FREDERIKSOORD, established by the Society of Charity, "Maatschappij van Weldadigheid," at the Hague. There is a tolerable inn on the spot.

The ground belonging to the colony lies between the 3 provinces of Overyssel, Friesland, and Drenthe, but is principally situated in Drenthe. The establishment is composed of 2 divisions, - a free colony of voluntary settlers, and the colony for the suppression of mendicity.

An association of private individuals, in 1818, purchased between 1200 and 1300 acres of barren land, hitherto uncultivated, and producing nothing but heath and turf. Upon this they settled a number of families, previously paupers and useless members of society; and by availing themselves of their labour, under proper management and care, have gradually brought under cultivation vast tracts of hitherto profitless land, and have made it capable of supporting human beings. To open a communication with the sea, and with other parts of the country, the little river Aa has been made navigable. Houses have been built by the colonists with bricks formed from the clay dug on the spot, cemented with lime produced from shells brought from the sea shore, and burnt with turf found on the land. The pauper settlers, having nothing at all of their own, required to be clothed, fed, and furnished with implements, &c. from the funds of the society for the first year. This outlay was gradually repaid, and the colonists now not only support themselves, for the most part, but some of them are even enabled to lay by. A portion of land is allotted to each individual, on his arrival, for tillage, and strict

care is taken that he manages it properly: the idle are compelled to work. Those ignorant of agriculture are instructed, and a great part of the colony consists of inhabitants of cities, who never handled a spade before in their lives. The women are employed in spinning and weaving; the children are instructed in schools built on the spot, and, when old enough, have work given them suited to their strength. The education of the children is entrusted to the care of the managers. Every body is kept fully employed, and at the end of the day receives a card, stating the amount of his earnings, for which he receives an equivalent in food and clothing out of the public store of the colony. Thus every one labours for his own benefit: whatever he gains above his immediate wants, after his obligations to the society are repaid, remains his own property. The members of the colony are subjected to strict rules and supervision, and a discipline approaching that of a military force. Every individual is at liberty to quit the spot after the harvest has been housed. Those who remain, and give satisfactory proofs of industry, have the land placed at their own disposal, and remain in the situation of tenants to the society, when they have discharged the debts they incurred on their arrival.

Several travellers, who have visited Frederiksoord, at different periods since its commencement, give the most agreeable picture of the condition of the people, of their health, and contentment. Many among them have already become persons of property, who before had not a cent in the world, and were a burden on others. Besides the general crops, which are described as luxuriant, most of the colonists have formed little gardens before their houses, stocked with flowers and fruit trees, and cultivated at hours when their other work was done. Their houses show signs of comfort, and their food and dress give them the

of the smaller tenantry in England.

The experiment has been tried now for 20 years, and may fairly be considered to have succeeded in the benevolent objects at which it aimed. 800 paupers, orphans and friendless, maintain themselves by their own hands. The expenses of the colony, however, are very great; and it is never likely to answer as a commercial speculation, or to return any profit. The government of the Netherlands have taken the matter up; have sent commissioners to examine the establishment; and, in consequence of their favourable report, have sent off all able-bodied persons from the workhouses in the great cities to these colonies. The communities to which these paupers belong pay for their maintenance in the first instance.

The founder and originator of this valuable institution, which is likely to confer benefit not only on his own country, but onall Europe, was the late General Van der Bosch. While serving in the Duteh colonies in the East, he purchased an estate in the island of Java, and devoted much of his time to improvements in agriculture. It did not long escape his observation that the estate of a native mandarin, which lay next to his own, and resembled it in soil and situation, never failed, in spite of all the pains he took with his own land, to produce far finer crops. This induced him to form an acquaintance with his neighbour, from whom he learnt the system, which he brought with such advantage to Eu. rope, and which, even in the East proved so beneficial on the outset, that the estate which he purchased in Java for 25,000 rix dollars fetched 150,000 when sold, on his departure from the country. The secret of the Mandarin's luxuriant crop appears to have been the attention he paid to obtaining and augmenting the stock of manure for his land: to this the main efforts of the colonists are directed. The plough

chiefly with the spade and hoe.

At a time when so many good and industrious families are driven from England to seek subsistence by emigration to a foreign clime, it is surely a subject of the highest interest to the English country gentleman, and the philanthropist in general, to know, that the waste lands and poor soil of his own country may be made capable of supporting not only such, but, by good management, even the idle and vagrant, the offscourings, as it were, of society. It is on this account, and with the idea that a visit to Frederiksoord will prove gratifying to many English travellers, that a route, in other respects uninteresting, is here introduced.

The kindness of an intelligent English traveller enables the editor to add the following interesting particulars of the present state of Frederiksoord, which may be relied on as coming from good authority:

"The pauper colonies are still in full activity. Some of the free colonists have done very well. The result of the experiment of taking poor families from the different communities is still doubtful, and the whole establishment is as yet very far from paying its own expenses; but the land is becoming valuable, and the live stock is considerably increased. It takes about 8 hours to travel by Trekschuit from Meppel to Assen. 3 Dieverbrug.

3 Assen. A small town of 1800 inhabitants. Near this occur examples of those very singular sepulchres of an ancient people, commonly called Hunnebedden: they are usually large stones placed upright in the ground, covered by others laid across, and open at the end; some are 80 ft. long. Urns, hatchets, and hammers, and other articles of wood and stone, but none of metal, have been found in them.

4. GRONINGEN. - Inns: Doelen ; Wapen van Amsterdam.

A fortified town at the junction of the Hunse and Aa: 30,000 inhabit. The University, founded in 1615, is frequented by about 400 students, and has an excellent museum of natural history. The finest buildings are the great Church of St. Martin, a handsome Gothic structure, and the Hôtel de Ville, a modern building, both situated in the Bree Markt, one of the grandest squares in Holland.

By means of a canal called Schuitendiep, large vessels come up from the sea close to the town. About 32 miles W. of Groningen, and connected with it by a grand canal, extending from the river Ems to Harlingen on the Zuider Zee, lies Leeuwarden (Inn, Nieuwe Doelen), chief town of the province of Frieseland, with a population of more than 17,000 souls. In one of the churches are monuments of the Princes of Orange. The fortifications are turned into plantations.

12 miles further to the W. is the seaport of Harlingen, on the Zuider Zee, with 7000 inhabitants. It stands on the site of a town swallowed up by the sea in 1134, and is itself protected by one of the largest dykes in Holland, 40 ft. high, fenced in at its base with 3 rows of piles driven into the ground. The monument of the Spanish Governor Robles, who first introduced an improved method of constructing these sea walls, erected by the Dutch in gratitude for the benefit he conferred on them, still exists near the town.

34 Appeldoorn. A pretty village. Not far from it is the Palace of the Loo, the summer residence of the King of Holland: the gardens are extensive, but flat; they contain a fine sheet of It was the favourite retreat of William III., who repaired hither to hunt.

2

3 24

the Imperial Crown. A thriving town on the right bank of the Yssel; 9,000 inhabitants, and a considerable iron foundry and carpet manufactory. The Cathedral is a vast and venerable edifice. The English forces, under the Earl of Leicester, gained possession of Deventer in 1586; but Col. Wm. Stanley, who was appointed governor, treacherously yielded it to the Duke of Parma in 1587, taking over with him his regiment of 1300 men. He became a traitor from a principle of conscience, believing his duty to his country to be incompatible with that he owed to the Romish faith. This is the native place of the philosopher Gronovius. Deventer is celebrated all over Holland for its gingerbread; and in orderto keep up the reputation of the Deventer cake, an officer appointed by the magistrates inspects them before they are baked, in order to ascertain that the dough is properly mixed. Many thousand pounds of this gingerbread are annually exported. Travellers should ask for the Deventer Koek from the shop called Allemans Gading. Holten.

2 Nordhorn; first town in the Hanoverian territories.

23 Lingen,
4 Herzlake.

13 Löningen.
34 Kloppenberg.
2 Ahlhorn.
2 Wildeshausen.
2 Delmenhorst.

2 BREMEN. See Route LXIX.

204 Dutch posts; 22 German miles.

The road to Gouda is conducted along the high dyke constructed, in 1272, by the side of the Yssel, to protect the country from inundations.

Near Gouda, at a place called Kordenoord, may be seen two of the finest specimens of windmills to be found in Holland: they are of vast size and admirable construction.

21 GOUDA or Tergouw. Inns: The Doelen, very good; Salmon (Zalm); a town of 13,000 inhabitants.

The Cathedral is famous for its painted glass windows, undoubtedly the finest in Europe, executed by two brothers named Wouter and Dirk Krabeth. They are of vast size, and finished with exquisite minuteness. One contains the portrait of Philip II.: half of it was shattered by lightning. In another is seen the portrait of the Duke of Alva. They were executed in the XVth and XVIth centuries; one, not by the hand of the Krabeths, which is of the XVIIth, by its inferiority proves the art to

have been then on the decline.

The Hôtel de Ville, was the residence of Jacqueline of Bavaria, whose part was taken by the citizens during the civil wars of the Hoeksen and Kabiljauwsen (Hooks and cod-fish, the names of two factions like Whig and Tory with us).

Near Voorburg is the house of Hofwyk, built by Constantine Huygens, the poet and statesman, described by him in his poems, and afterwards inhabited by Christian Huygens, the mathematician. Farther on, at the village of Leydschendam, the traveller may remark the difference of level of the waters of two districts, the Rhynland on one side, and the Delftland on the other, which are here separated by a lock.

Leyden is described at page 32.

On leaving Leyden, before reaching Kouderkerk, is Rembrand's mill, where he was born; it lies on the left hand in going to Utrecht, between the road and the Rhine.

The Inn called the Star, at Alphen, is famed for its perch dressed in waterzootje in high perfection. Beyond this the road passes the beautiful villages of Zwammerdam and Bodegraven, and afterwards through Woerden, all memorable as the scenes of the atrocities committed by the French army, under Marshal Luxemburg, in 1672. Their cruelty, as described