phlets is to inform the public, that since 1823 he has devoted his fortune and his leisure to the formation of a grand horticultural establishment at Fromont, near Paris. This establishment he describes as a Central Depôt and Methodical Collection of choice plants, having at once the character of a nursery and a museum, where the amateur, the horticulturist, and the botanist will find every thing that may gratify their tastes, their speculations, and their researches. In order to promote his views, he invites all the botanists and horticulturists of Europe to inform him of the most remarkable plants in their respective countries; and the inhabitants of other regions of the globe, captains of vessels, and travellers, he requests to send him seeds and plants of every thing interesting. He gives directions for packing seeds, which are not materially different from those of Mr. Lindley (Gard. Mag. 335). Small seeds he directs to be put in paper, others between layers of fine dry sand, and both placed in vessels hermetically closed. Oily seeds should be deposited separately in sand very fine and very dry. All the expense of carriage will be paid, and les diverses propositions qui lui seront faites taken into consideration. Communications, seeds, or plants, may be addressed, Jardin de Fromont, M. le Chevalier Soulange-Bodin, à Paris, rue Sainte Anne, No. 44. To so spirited an individual we wish every success.

The Magnolia described in the second tract is a hybrid between M. conspicua and purpurea, the former being the female parent. Mr. Mackay of the Clapton nursery, who has seen it in flower, thinks it will be a very valuable addition to the Magnolias. It has the leaves of M. conspicua, but a little stronger, the same form of flower, but the petals tinged with purple and rose colour, and nearly the same odour.

Tesson-Maisonneuve, M. Manuel du Pêcheur Français; a General Treatise on Fishes and Fishing. Paris, 18mo. Many Plates. 3 fr.

Sea fish are not included in this treatise; but a number of fresh-water fishes are described, and the art of fishing for them treated of. Part IV. treats of ponds, stews, and reservoirs.

Payen et Chevalier, MM. Traité de la Pomme de Terre. Paris, 8vo. This is one of the most complete treatises which has appeared on the potato. What is related respecting its culture affords little worth repeating to our readers. The varieties known in France which are the most productive in nutritive matter are, 1. the New York; 2. the Turlusine; 3. the Bread Fruit; and, 4. the Bloc. The variety preferred in Paris is called la Hollande jaune. The different uses to which the potato may be applied are the thirty-one following:

1, 2, 3. Its haulm, in a green state, is good food both for cattle and sheep; dried and burned the ashes afford potash, or will form artificial nitre beds. 4. The tubers, in a frozen state, afford starch, and, by distillation, spirit. 5. Potatoes, young or old, may be eaten roasted, steamed, or boiled. 6. They may be made into bread with one third part of flour.

7. Soups of every kind may be made of them; they may be roasted, fried, or eaten in salads.

8. With the flour of potatoes every description of pastry may be formed. 9. Converted into fecula, or starch, or cut into slices and dried by steam, they may be preserved for any length of time.

10. Vermicelli, rice, and tapioca, articles which may be made of the flour or starch of any plant, may of course be formed from them.

11, 12, 13. They are mixed with gravy; they are made into paste and starch.

14. Mixed with stucco they form an improved plaster.

15. They nourish every description of domestic animal, and during winter are eaten by hares and rabbits.

16. Cut into slices, and thrown in a certain proportion into caldrons of boiling water, they prevent the sediment of water from adhering to the sides and bottoms of such vessels.

17. They form a wash or thin plaster for buildings, which may be coloured by soot, ochre, or other colours, as washes of lime are coloured in this country.

18. Roasted to a brown state, and ground to powder, they make a very good coffee.

19. Crushed, they are employed for whitening linen and other cloths. 20. The water expressed from bruised potatoes is a rapid promoter of the germination of seeds.

21, 22. The fecula, or starch, with sulphuric acid, is converted into syrup, from which a species of sugar may be obtained, analogous to cassonade (moist sugar).

23. With soot and other mixtures this syrup makes an admirable blacking.

24. Črushed potatoes, or their fecula, will afford spirit by distillation. 25. The potato may be cultivated in caves and cellars, which resource might have saved Missolonghi. We were rather surprised at this remark of Messrs. Payen and Chevalier, as every gardener knows that the young potatoes formed in cellars are merely a remodification or transfer of the nutriment contained in the old potato, and as this transfer is always made at a great loss of nutriment, if the besieged at Missolonghi had enough of potatoes to plant their cellars, it would have been more profitable for them to have eaten them as they were, than to have encouraged them to form new tubers.

26, 27. The water contained in the tubers of young potatoes may be employed for dyeing grey, and the blossom furnishes a beautiful yellow. 28, 29. The water of potato blossoms cleans cloth of cotton, wool, and silk, and assists in the manufacture of artificial soda.

30. A potato diet cures the scurvy.

31. The sediment of the fecula, mixed with the powder of charcoal, may be made into little billets, or bricks, either for building or burning.

All these uses are independent of the application of the apples or fruit of the potato, the water of which, when immature, might probably be used as in 27, 28, and 29.; and when ripe, like the tomata. The tender tops may be used as spinage. (G. Mag. 353.)

Pinteux, senior Butcher and Syndic of the Shambles of Paris: Réflections sur la Production et la Population des Bestiaux en France. Paris, 8vo. Bonafous, M. Mathieu, of Turin, a Botanist and Cultivator, Author of several Works on the Mulberry and Silk Worms: Recherches sur les Moyens de remplacer la Feuille de Mûrier par une autre Substance propre au Ver à Soie, et sur l'Emploi du résidu des Cocons comme Engrais. Paris, 8vo.

The leaves of lettuce, of the rose, bramble, dandelion, pellitory, hemp, the hop, and fig, will keep the silk-worm alive, but not enable it to produce silk. M. Bonafous has found that the only plant worth notice as a substitute for mulberry leaves is the Myagrum sativum, L., an annual plant of the family of cruciferæ, indigenous in most parts of the Continent. M. B. fed worms with the leaves of this plant alone for sixteen days; at the end of that time a number were found dead, but those which remained alive being supplied with mulberry leaves, acquired strength and made very good cocons. Thus it is of some value to know that in a case of necessity the silk-worm may be kept alive for ten or twelve days on other leaves than those of the mulberry. According to Dandolo, it is the resinous matter contained in the leaves of this tree which, elaborated in the stomach of the worm, enables it to produce silk. By analysing the leaves of a great number of plants,

perhaps some might be found possessing a resin similar to that of the mulberry; or perhaps some compôt of resin and the leaves of some plant might be prepared or cooked, and the worms fed with it as sheep are with oil-cake. Leuchs, T. C. Translated from the German of A. Bulos; L'Art de conserver les Substances alimentaires, &c. Paris, 12mo.

This work is divided into four books: 1. Operations for preserving substances, and prolonging their duration; 2. Application of those operations to alimentary substances of the first necessity; 3. Places and utensils; 4. The theory of the art.

Aubergier, M. Nouvelle Méthode de Vinification, &c. Paris, 12mo. Sageret, M. Member of the Central Agricultural Society of Paris: Mémoire sur les Cucurbitacées, principalement sur le Melon, avec des Considerations sur la Production des Hybrides, des Variétés, &c. Paris, 8vo. The Author, elsewhere honourably mentioned (Gard. Mag. 65.), proposes, 1. To determine and describe the different species and varieties; 2. To ascertain to what extent these species and varieties intermingle by fecundation, either spontaneously or artificially; and, 3. To study their culture. He gives a project of nomenclature, by which the cucumber, melon, watermelon, and pumpkin are made distinct genera; but as this tract is announced as only the forerunner of a more extensive treatise on the same subject, we shall defer for the present any further examination of M. Sageret's arrangement.

GERMANY.

Schwerz, N., Director of the Experimental Agricultural Institution of the King of Wurtemberg, Author of some excellent Works on the Agriculture of the Netherlands and Alsatia : Anleitung zum praktischen Ackerbau, &c. Instructions on Practical Agriculture. Stuttgard, 8vo. 15 Plates. 5 flor. Braun, Gustave: Bericht über meinen zweiten Versuch nüt dem Anbau des Astragalus Boeticus, &c. Notice of my Second Essay on the Cultivation of Astragalus Boeticus as a substitute for Coffee. Nuremberg, 8vo. Vander-Plaat, D. M., of Leuwarden: Ueber den Anbau des Astragalus, &c. On the Culture and Use of Astragalus Bœticus as a substitute for Coffee.

The plant alluded to in these two memoirs is already cultivated to such an extent in some parts of Germany, that the seeds have become an article of commerce, like the roots of chiccory, and the carrot, for the same purpose. The culture is the same as that of the common pea, with this difference, that the pods of the Astragalus are gathered as they ripen. Two thirds of the seeds are mixed with one third of coffee-beans, roasted together, put in bottles or vases well corked or closed, and taken out as wanted to be ground. It is sold at the same price as café à chicorée, which is generally about one third part cheaper than the true coffee. Coffee from burnt carrots is not much in use at present, but was common in the north of Germany and Poland in 1813.

It might be worth while for some of our readers to try these seeds, and also those of several others of our indigenous Leguminosa, such as Lathyrus, Vicia Cracca, Lathyroides, and other species.

Graffen, F. G. Auf Erfahrung gegründeter Unterricht, &c. Directions for the Management of Sheep, founded on Experience. Leipsic, 8vo. 9 gr. Scholser: Fasslicher Unterricht ueber die Bienen. Instructions for the 12 gr.

Management of Bees. Brunn, 8vo.

Andre, C. Abhandlungen aus dem Forstund Jagdwesen. Dissertations on Forest Management and the Chase. Prague, 4to. 2 r. thlr. 16 gr. (2 rix-dollars, 16 groschen.)

Behlen: Clima, Lage, und Boden in ihrer Wechselwirkung, &c. Climate, Position, and Soil, considered with respect to their reciprocal action and their influence on the Vegetation of Forests. Bamberg, 8vo.

Reider, T. Das ganze des Kardendistelbaues. The whole Culture of the Fullers' Thistle. Nuremberg, 12mo.

8 gr.

Voght, Baron von, a Proprietor and Cultivator at Flotbec on the Elbe, near Hamburg. Meine Ansicht der Statik des Landbaues. My view of the Statistics of Agriculture. Hainburg, 8vo.

Baron Voght has conceived the idea of expressing the capacities of soils for cultivation, by figures, in a very ingenious manner, but we fear rather of too intricate and fanciful a nature to be of much use. He expresses the fertility of a soil by the produce of two numbers or factors, representing riches and power, which are multiplied into each other; for example, if the power of a soil be 8°, and the riches 45°, the fertility will be 360°. By power he understands the inherent properties of the earths which compose a soil, exclusive of organic matter; by riches he understands the organic matter contained among the earths; and by fertility, the power of the earths and the organic matter combined, or the power of what is called soil in the proper sense of that term. Having determined the degree of fertility necessary to raise different crops, in preparing a field for any of them, the square root of the fertility of the crop is to be compared with the power and riches of the soil, and the number or factor of the former, if deficient, is to be raised by mechanical operations, or the mixture of other earths; while that of the latter is to be raised by manures. Provided the √2 of the requisite degree of fertility be produced, the Baron is indifferent whether it arise from power and riches, or power only. This key to the Baron's system will enable any reader of a mathematical turn to apply it to almost every part of agriculture. As an ingenious fancy, we have thought it worth noticing, with a view to the mental exercise of young cultivators. Huber, M. Ueber die Urbarmachung des Flugsandes. On rendering drift sands culturable. Berlin, 8vo.

A variety of plants are recommended to be planted with a view of fixing light inland sands, and the common pine as the best.

Angyalfy, M. A. Economie der Landwirthschaft. Rural Economy. Pest. 2 vols. 8vo. 5 pl. 2 r. thlr.

Wurtembergisher Correspondenz des Landwirthschaft Vereins, Correspondence of the Wurtemburg Agricultural Society. Vol. 8.

This agricultural newspaper appears weekly in Stuttgard, and sometimes contains ingenious papers on rural subjects. M. Jaeger (p. 139.) has long experienced the good effects of watering frozen vines in the spring, rather than leaving them to be thawed by the sun. He proposes to extend the practice to vineyards, making use of fire-engines for distributing the water. Professor Schoen (p. 190.) states that every description of bread corn when intended for seed, should attain complete maturity before it is reaped; but, on the contrary, when corn is intended to be converted into flour, it should be cut eight or nine days before it be fully ripe. Experience, he says, has fully proved, that such grains as from their maturity detach themselves from the ears, always produce the finest plants, from being larger and more perfect in their conformation. The proper period for reaping corn destined for the mill, is when the grains being pressed between the fingers yield to it, and become a viscous mass. It requires a longer time to dry before it can be carried to the rick-yard, but the flour produced from it is much more white, and more abundant, than from matured grain. In some parts of Hun

gary, Bohemia, and Germany, this practice has been known from time immemorial; it was kept a long time a secret, because the flour so obtained was very much sought after, and always brought a much higher price than the best flour from ripe corn.

Dr. Mawz, who has cultivated the tobacco for many years, sows it in small pots in the autumn, preserves it through the winter in a frame, or otherwise protected from the frost, and transplants in the fields in March. By this practice he finds the plants attain to a much greater size than when sown on heat in the spring, and afterwards transplanted. On this we may observe, that most, if not all annual plants will attain to a much greater size than we usually see them, when so treated. The common purple candytuft, (Mr. Charles Rauch informs us,) under similar management, grows from three to four feet high in the gardens about Vienna. Every one must have observed how much stronger garden annuals self-sown in autumn are, than those which are sown in the spring; the same of winter and spring weeds, and of winter and spring wheat.

Franque, Dr. Die Lehre von dem Körperbau, &c. Theory of the Structure of the Body, of the Diseases, and of the General Treatment of Domestic Animals. Wiesbaden, 8vo. 1 thlr.

Schuster, J. & M. Haberle, Professors in the University of Hungary: De Stipa Noxa. On the Accidents to which Sheep are liable from the Seeds of Stipa or Feather grass. Pesth, 12mo.

This is a very curious pamphlet. It appears that Stipa pennata and capitata are very common in certain pastures in Hungary, near the village of Berczel; that the seeds which are furnished with a pappus, are carried about with the wind, and falling upon different objects, stick there, as seeds similarly furnished do, by means of the sharp point of the seed; that they fall upon the backs of the sheep, and by the hygrometrical action of the pappus, and the motion of the sheep, are impelled mechanically (Enc. of Gard. § 851.) through the wool, penetrate the skin, pass through the flesh to the intestines, and they have even been found in the liver. The morbid effects of this process is the disease called by these professors stipæ noxa. It commences with an inflammation of the skin, then follow want of appetite, fever, want of sleep, great restlessness, and finally death, at least where the seeds of the stipa have penetrated any of the vital organs.

HOLLAND AND THE NETHERLANDS.

Schuurman Stekhoven, H., Curator of the Botanic Garden, Leyden : Kruidkundig Kunstwoordenbock. Dictionary of Botanical Terms. Leyden,

8vo.

Michel, P. Agrostologie Belgique, ou Herbier des Graminées, des Cyperacées, et des Joncées, qui croissent en Belgique. Brussels, 1st and 2d centuries. 2 vol. fo.

Dried Specimens of grasses not arranged in any order whatever.

RUSSIA AND POLAND.

Parlof, M. Zemliédeltcheskaïa Chimia, Agricultural Chemistry, including a general Treatise on Agriculture and Rural Economy. Moscow, 8vo. Tsorne, M., Lieutenant-General of Infantry : Tégénédelnik dlia okhotnikof do Lochadeï. Weekly Magazine for the Use of Amateurs of Horses. Moscow, 12 vol. 8vo. 93 pl. 90 roubles.

This work may be described as a complete body of information on the subject of horses, partly original, but principally translated from the German of Tenneker of Dresden.