can be kept at his house or at his lodgings, and his bag made to contain the tools necessary for the work in hand. Not only should a plumber possess a full and complete set of tools, but he should become thoroughly accustomed to the use of each one of them, for his dexterity in their use will greatly depend upon the way he handles them. It is only necessary for the skilled in any art to see how a man handles his tools to at once gauge the ability of that man. The man who takes pride in his tools-who at some trouble keeps them clean and nice-is almost certain to take pride in his work; and, taking pride in his work, he is never likely to rest contented with himself until he can execute it with efficiency. Instead of illustrating a tool here and a tool there throughout the many pages of this work, they are chiefly shown on Plates I. and II. And in order to give a faithful representation of the many and various tools used by a plumber, I asked one of my intelligent foremen to arrange his bag of tools on a board, or on two boards, and get them photographed; and I think the reader will agree with the writer, that only a plumber could have arranged and grouped such tools with so much artistic merit. On looking at the plates I notice one omission, viz., the plumbers' bag. The big hammer is there, but not the bag! He has been a foreman so long that he does not now care to carry the bag about with him; or perhaps the bag has only been omitted from want of space. pipes, as the gaslights jumped up and down dreadfully, and the water must somehow have got into the gas-pipe"; for some friends had told them that the jumping light was caused by water. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. A. Cutting-out knife. B. Set of mallets-four sizes. c. Hornbeam dresser. D. Set of box-wood dressers-five sizes. E. Half round box-wood dressers-two sizes. F. Large size box-wood dressers. G. Chalk-line, and piece of chalk standing on the reel. I. Small size box-wood dresser. J. Lead-cutting plane. K. Key-hole saw. L. Calipers. M. Set of four squares. N. Small hand-dummy. o. Box-wood turn-pin, also called tan-pin. R. Plumb-line. s. Hand-dummies-egg-shape and wedge-shape. v. Turn-pin, 3-in., of box-wood. w. Bossing-stick, box-wood. X, Y, Z. Spanners, three kinds. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. A. Set of steel chisels, diamond points, and spikes. c. Iron ladles, two sizes. D. Two hatchet copper-bits. E. Set of screw-drivers-three sizes. F. Snips, and screw-hammer. G. Iron and steel bolts for pipe-bending, and resin-box. H. Spirit-level. I. Splash-stick, shave-hook, draw-knife, and two chipping-knives. J. Compasses and scriber. K. Cutting-plyers. L. Copper-bit-straight, and long dummy with wire handle. M. Looking-glass. N. Mandrels and large turn-pin. o. Set of shave-hooks. P. Large hammer and small hammer, soil-pot, card-wire, pot hook, quench-hook, and felt. Q. Irons, two sizes. R. Gas-plyers and drifting-plate. s. Spoon-hook and tie. CHAPTER II. LEAD, AND SOME OF ITS USES. OR the next edition of my work, "The Plumber, and Bertran. searched through the records of the Patent Office and worked up a brief history of the apparatus invented from time to time for the manufacture of sheets and pipes; and as he has worked in other interesting matter I make some extracts from it, as some who read this work may not read that. "Lead can certainly claim a history of no mean length, though it would be impossible to say definitely when it was first used. The Romans, obtaining it in England and Spain, used it to a large extent for water-pipes, using a solder of an alloy of lead and tin. "Of lead ores the two principal are galena, a compound of lead and sulphur, in the form of sulphide of lead, and cerusite, or carbonate of lead. Galena, by far the most important and most widely distributed, is of a dark metallic nature, chiefly containing, besides lead, sulphide of silver. "Of lead mines, perhaps the chief of Great Britain are those of Derbyshire and Cornwall in England, Flintshire in |