CHISWICK PRESS-C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS Court,

CHANCERY LANE.

LEAD AND SOME OF ITS USES.

Lead ores-Lead mines-The process of extracting the lead
from the ore in a reverberatory furnace, and running it
into pigs-Properties of lead-Lead under heat-Action
of oxygen on lead-Of water-Of acid-Manufacture of
lead pipes and castings-Patents for milled lead-Lead
funnel pipe made by hand-Weight of lead pipe as re-
quired by certain water companies-Sizes of lead sheets
-The annual production of lead

CHAPTER III.

TIN AND ITS ALLOYS.

Tinning of metals-Tinstone-Production of tin-Plumbers'

solder-Fine solders-Blow-pipe solder-Solders and their

melting-points .

CHAPTER IV.

SOLDERING APPARATUS AND FIRE-PLACES.

Cotton and Johnson's patent "Torch" lamp-The "Self-

acting Blowing-lamp "-The "Blow-pipe " lamp-Briggs'

patent "Solderer " lamp-Plumbers' stoves

PAGE

1

13

17

CHAPTER V.

LEAD BURNING.

The "Chalumeau Aer-hydrique "-The airo-hydrogen blow-

pipe and apparatus-Briggs' patent "solderer"—Lining

tanks for chemical purposes-Use of the copper-bit

PAGE

CHAPTER VI.

LEAD LAYING.

Advantages of lead-A table of relative strengths of lead for

various purposes

CHAPTER VII.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

The bossing up of breaks and corners-Lead coverings to

cornices-Channel cutting-Lead dowels.

CHAPTER VIII.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Cesspools and their sockets-Setting out and bossing up of

roof-cesspools-Counter-sinking-Overflow-pipes

CHAPTER IX.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Dormers-Cheeks and sills-Drips in gutters and flats-

Splayed edges to drips

29

CHAPTER X.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Flats-Warping of boards-Setting out the rolls-Long

gutters-Wood tilt-Deep gutters

37

42

47

CHAPTER XI.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Hips-Ridges-Fixing of a wood-roll-Bossing down the end

of a hip-roll-Intersection of the hips with the ridge-

Hips to Mansard roofs-Laps or passings-Lead bays to

sloping roofs

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50

CHAPTER XII.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Wood-rolls-The undercloak and overcloak-Bossed ends-

The lay-down-Seam rolls-Copper tacks-Domes and

ogee-shaped roofs-Seam rolls on high pitched roofs-

Lead bays.

-

CHAPTER XIII.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Step-flashings Rubble-work - Secret gutters - Soakers

Number of soakers required for the side of a roof

CHAPTER XIV.

LEAD LAYING (continued).

Lead tacks-Welted tacks-Tacks to straight-flashings-

Secret tacks-A torus-Lead valleys-Single welts-

Double welts-Snow-boards

CHAPTER XV.

JOINT MAKING.

Essential points for good joints-Length of joints-Joint

wiping with or without an iron-Solder for making

joints-Shaving and tinning the pipes-Fitting and

fixing the pipes-A table of the lengths of joints

55

63

68

74

CHAPTER XVI.

JOINT MAKING (continued).

Underhand joints - Upright joints-Lead collars-Use of the

splash-stick-Overcast joints

CHAPTER XVII.

JOINT MAKING (continued).

Block joints-A lead flange-Close-fitting jointing-Flange-

joints-Taft-joints - Branch-joints-Mitre-joints-The

branch-pipe to fit inside the main-pipe

CHAPTER XVIII.

JOINT MAKING (continued).

Copper-bit joint-"Tinker's joint "-Ribbon joint-Overcast

ribbon joint-Blow-pipe joint-Astragal jointing.

CHAPTER XIX.

ELBOW JOINTS AND PIPE BENDING.

Elbow joint-Elbow mitre joint-Pipe bending-Evil of re-

ducing the strength of a pipe-Contracting the bore of a

pipe-Water dropped upon a hot pipe-Hand dummy-

Long dummy-Overbending of a pipe-Bobbins and

followers-Double bend-Bending light lead pipes-Use

of sand for bending funnel pipes

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88

98

102

CHAPTER XX.

NON-CLEANSING PLUMBERS' TRAPS.

Traps made by hand-D-trap, under sinks, lavatories, and

elsewhere-Syphon or round pipe trap-D-trap compared

with the anti-D-Narrow-band D-trap-Helmet D-trap

-Experiments with a D-trap-Bell trap-Traps with

mechanical seals-Check valves

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