70. The Attics form the crasis of ὁ αὐτὸς, ὁ ἀνὴρ, ὁ ἄναξ, ὁ ἀγὼν, ὁ ἀγαθὸς, ὁ ἕτερος, by αὐτὸς, ἃνὴρ, ἄναξ, ἁγών, &c. Hipp. 1005.

71. "Alikтos has both (1) an active and (2) a passive signification: (1) Not touching. See E. C. 1521. (so also aчavotos, ŒŒ. R. 968.) (2) Not to be touched; hallowed. See Iph. T. 790., Agam. 380. The same remark will apply to ἄκλαυστος, ἀστένακτος. Hipp. 1006. 72. Οἰκεῖν οἶκον or δόμον in the tragic writers signifes, to be the master of a house or family. Hipp. 1014.

73. Xaípwv is said of one who is exempt from punishment, and may be rendered, with impunity. Kλáwv is opposed to it, and may, in the second person, be rendered, to your cost. See E. R. 363.,

Antig. 759., Med. 399., Androm. 756. Hipp. 1089.

74. The Attics used the Doric form &pape, not apnpe: as also, besides the instances given by Porson, Orest. 26. (see Class. Journ. No. LXI. p. 137.) they said eâkos, and its compounds; yárovos, γαπετὴς, γάπεδον, γάμορος, γάποτος, γάτομος, κάρανον and its compounds. Hipp. 1093.

75. The futures peúkouai and pevcoûual were both used by the tragic writers. Hipp. 1096.

76. The ellipsis of the preposition oùv is very common with the Greek writers, and especially when the dative of the pronoun avròs is added. See Il. . 24., A. 698., T. 481. Hipp. 1184.

77. The Æolic and Doric form ἔκρυφθεν for ἐκρύφθησαν is very rarely used by the tragic writers. Hipp. 1242.

78. Xped in the sense of fate or necessity is indeclinable, and always requires the article in Euripides. Hipp. 1251.

79. The crasis in the words eidévai and μn eidévai are not uncommon in the tragic writers; as also those in où, μǹ où: the crases un avròs, Iph. T. 1010., oixóueσe', Soph. Trach. 84., ✯evyévelav, Eur. Electr. 1104., are more unusual. Hipp. 1331.

80. Xaípw sometimes takes after it an accusative of the thing for which the rejoicing takes place. Hipp. 1335. The figure is called

an Oropism: the sense passes on mentally.

81. The Greeks frequently use the aorist in a sense little differing from the present, as elπov, Med. 274., úπеîπov, Eur. Suppl. 1170., κατώκτειρα, Iph. Α. 496. ᾤμωξα, Med. 787., ἀπέπτυσα, Hipp. 610. Hipp. 1403.

82. The present tenses, θιγγάνειν, ἐρυγγάνειν, φυγγάνειν, κιγχά νειν, λαγχάνειν, τυγχάνειν, δάκνειν (contracted from δαγκάνειν), λαμ

βάνειν, μανθάνειν, πυνθάνεσθαι, are derived from the aorists θιγεῖν, ἐρυγεῖν, φυγεῖν, κιχεῖν, λαχεῖν, τυχεῖν, δακεῖν, λαβεῖν, μαθεῖν, πυθέobal, by the insertion of the letters v or μ. To these may be added ἁνδάνειν from ἁδεῖν. Hipp. 1442.

83. Kai never forms a crasis with, nor suffers elision before, hồn. Hipp. 1445.

84. The Greeks had four forms of the future with a passive signification : (1) τιμήσομαι, (2) βεβλήσομαι, (3) βληθήσομαι, (4) aжaλλay hσoμal. The 4th form is not very frequent among the tragic writers. To the 1st form the Attics seem to have been partial: the following occur in the Greek tragedians: λétouaι, TIμhσομαι, στερήσομαι, κηρύξομαι, ἁλώσομαι, ἐάσομαι, μισήσομαι, στυγής σομαι, δηλώσομαι, βουλεύσομαι, ἐνέξομαι, ἄρξομαι, διδάξομαι, ἐπιτάξομαι, &c. Hipp. 1458.

The cause of

85. ob dù xoxwels] Here eveкa is understood. hatred is expressed by a genitive case without a preposition. See Orest. 741., Herc. F. 528. 1114.; Il. A. 429., П. 320., §. 457. Alcest. 5.

86. An accusative case is frequently placed in apposition with the meaning implied in the preceding sentence, as Orest. 1103.: 'Exévny kтávwμev, Mevéλew λútyy mikpár. See Phoen. 351., Androm. 291., Herc. F. 59. 355. 427. Alcest. 7.

87. The preposition after verbs of motion to is frequently omitted. Alcest. 8.

88. After verbs of rescuing, prohibiting, and denying, the negative un, though generally expressed, is sometimes omitted; as dv θανεῖν ἐῤῥυσάμην. Alcest. 11.

89. The plural Tual is used in the sense of attributes, prerogatives. Alcest. 30.

90. The ancient Greek writers never joined the particle av to the indicative mood of either the present or perfect. Alcest. 48. 91. 'Iepòs, in the sense of consecrated or sacred to, requires a genitive case. Alcest. 75.

92. In anapæstic verse the penult of μéλalpov is always short. Alcest. 77.

95.

93. The interrogative πó@ev has the force of a negative. Alcest.

94. In sentences where two nouns joined by a copulative are

governed by the same preposition, the preposition is frequently found with the latter noun:

Μέλλων δὲ πέμπειν μ' Οἰδίπου κλεινὸς γόνος

Μαντεία σεμνά, Λοξίου τ ̓ ἐπ' ἐσχάρας.

Phon. 290. See also Heracl. 755., ŒŒ. R. 736. 761., Soph. Electr. 780., Sept. Theb 1034.

95. The plural forms κοίρανοι, ἄνακτες, βασιλεῖς, τύραννοι, in the tragic writers, frequently express only one king, or the retinue of one king. Alcest. 132.

96. There are many active verbs which have their futures of the middle, and nowhere of the active form, at least among the Attic writers: thus, ἀκούω, σιγῶ, σιωπῶ, ᾄδω, βοῶ, ἁμαρτάνω, θνήσκω, πίπτω, κλάω, πλέω, πνέω, have the futures ἀκούσομαι, σιγήσομαι, σιωπήσομαι, ᾄσομαι, βοήσομαι, ἁμαρτήσομαι, θανοῦμαι, πεσοῦμαι, κλαύσομαι, πλεύσομαι, πνεύσομαι. Alcest. 158.

97. Οὗ never forms a crasis with οὔποτε so as to make δὔποτε, Alcest. 199.

98. In the choral odes the sigma is sometimes doubled; as, Med. 832, ἀφυσσαμέναν, Eur. Suppl. 58. ὅσσον, Pers. 559. βαρίδεσσι,

. R. 1100. ορεσσιβάτα, Trach. 636. μέσσαν, Αj. Fl. 185. τόσσον, 390. ὀλέσσας, Philoct. 1163. πέλασσον. Sophocles uses the form Méσoos twice in the iambic seuary, viz., Antig. 1223. 1236. Alcest.

234.

99. It is very doubtful whether the Attic writers ever used pésw in the present tense. Alcest. 272.

100. Toλuay and the aorist Tλñval signify, to endure, in spite of (1) danger, i. e. to have courage; (2) shame, i. e. to have the impudence; (3) pride, i. e. to deigu, condescend, submit; (4) pain of mind, i. e. to prevail on oneself; (5) pity, i. e. to have the cruelty. Alcest. 285. The uses of posse are similar in Latin.

101. "Ode avǹp, for yw, is a well-known formula. The feminine form "de and de yuvǹ, for ¿yà, occurs also in Agam. 1447. and Trach. 305.

Alcest. 341.

102. The tragic writers were partial to the use of veooool for children. See Androm. 442., Iph. A. 1248. Heracl. 240., Herc. F. 224. 989. Alcest. 414.

103. ATEITE with an accusative signifies to renounce; with a dative, to fail or faint. Alcest. 503.

104. With verbs of motion, the Greeks joined a future participle denoting the object. Alcest. 520.

105. The tragic writers allowed the omission of the augment in the choral odes. Alcest. 599.

106. Aionp is found both in the masculine and feminine gender. Alcest. 610.

107. The penult of plívw and plávw is long in Homer, but always short in the Attic writers. Alcest. 638.

108. The tragic writers were partial to compounds, such as αἰδόφρων, ἀλκίφρων, σιδηρόφρων, &c. Alcest. 678.

109. Oeds is frequently said of the sun, and generally without the article. See Orest. 1023., Eur. Suppl. 208., Med. 353. Alcest. 738.

110. The chorus very rarely quits the stage after its first entrance till the conclusion of the tragedy. A few instances, however, occur where it does: Alcest. 762., Aj. Fl. 814. and Eumen. Alcest. 762.

111. The form oldas, for the common olola, is not very frequent. Alcest. 796.

112. 'Aîîà σoû тò μǹ opáσαι. This construction is expressive of indignation or admiration. See Nub. 818., Aves. 5., Ran. 741. Alcest. 848.

113. The following are instances of verbs transitive governing a genitive case, μépos Ti being understood: Alc. 861., Hec. 614., Herod. iii. 11. Alcest. 861.

114. Tŵv und yaías, not yaîav: the accusative in such expressions is then only used, when motion is denoted. Alcest. 921.

115. Several active verbs are used in a middle sense, the personal pronoun being understood; as piyaı, Cycl. 165.; kρúπтоνтα, Phœn. 1133. ; κρύπτουσιν, Soph. Εl. 826.; πάλλων, C. R. 153.; κατέσχον, E. R. 782. Alcest. 922.

116. The Greeks said νικάν μάχην, νικᾶν ἀγῶνα, νικᾶν ἄεθλον. Alcest. 1048. Cognate accusative.

117. Ei yàp frequently occur in an optative signification; but in this usage there is a difference between the indicative and optative moods. Εἰ γὰρ εἶχον means, oh that I had ! εἰ γὰρ ἔχοιμι, oh that I may have! Alcest. 1091.

118. The quantity of the enclitic vvv is sometimes long and sometimes short both in the tragic and comic writers. Alcest.

1096.

119. The ancients were accustomed to attribute heavy reverses of fortune to the envy of the gods. See Pers. 367., Orest. 963., Eur. Suppl. 347., Iph. A. 1049., Herod. iii. 40. Alcest. 1154.

IV.

ON THE SITE AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE DIONYSIAC THEATRE AT ATHENS.

Br T. CAMPBELL.

From the "NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE AND CLASSICAL JOURNAL," No. 65.

Ir is now generally admitted, that the grand or Dionysiac theatre of Athens stood on the south-eastern angle of the hill of the Acropolis; and that Stuart was mistaken when he thought he had discovered its ruins in those which are now judged to have belonged to the Odeion of Herodes. That the former place was the site of the Dionysiac theatre, is strongly attested by the choragic monuments still existing in that quarter; and a statue of Bacchus, which once adorned a small temple in the vicinity of the theatre, is now placed in the British Museum. The hollow in the slope of the hill still indicates a place where the seats of the spectators must have been excavated. It was the custom of the Greeks to build their theatres on the side of a hill, not, as a refined speculator has imagined, for the purpose of commanding a view of fine rural scenery, since the height of the stage wall must have shut out the prospect beyond it from one half of the spectators, but for saving the subconstruction of seats, as the ground thus facilitated their being raised in ascending semicircles. Though the seats, however, rose on a hollow slope, it is impossible to imagine the orchestra, the dromos, and the stage, with its flanking walls, to have been situated anywhere but on even ground at the bottom. If we may believe Plato, the Dionysiae