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This piece of geography is handsomely executed; and is, doubtless, the most correct and instructive display, that has ever been made of those regions. We announce it, therefore, with pleasure; but at the same time, with an expression of our regret, that it is not accompanied with sufficient explanation of their physical geography, nor of their statistical condition.

PRICE AND STROTHER'S MAP OF
NORTH-CAROLINA.

The year 1807 has added another important map to our geography. By the labours of Jonathan Price and John Strother, a map of the state of North Carolina has been compiled, the first, it is said, from actual survey. It includes the whole of its extensive and peculiar coast on the Atlantick ocean, from the Virginian line, a little north of Currituck inlet, to the South Carolina boundary, at Little River inlet. But the new discoveries, made under the auspices of the national government, which have been published by virtue of a resolve of Congress, dated 2d of March, 1807, seem not to be comprehended in it. This is probably owing to the having been made after the map was put into the engraver's hands.

From its extreme point of east-longitude at Cape Hatteras, in about 75° 50′ W. from Greenwich, this commonwealth extends to the 84th, or thereabout, on the westernmost part of its supposed junction with Tennessee, beyond the Iron, Bald, Walnut, and Smoaky mountains, in which the territorial line is not fully ascertained. The civil divisions into counties are distinctly marked, and coloured. And the roads, rivers, towns, places of publick worship, villas, hills, and swamps, are

so minutely marked, that the map may be deservedly ranked among the most instructive publications of this class. The engraving and printing was performed by the Harrisons of Philadelphia.

SOUTHERN SHRUBS BECOMING AC-
CLIMATED TO NORTHERN SITU
ATIONS.

William Bartram, who in 1793
published Travels made through North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
East and West Florida, the Cherokee,
Creek, and Chactaw Countries, in
1773, added thereby much to our
knowledge of the plants and animals
of North America. This man of
original observation, of modest mer-
it, and unaffected manners, culti-
vates at his beautiful villa, on the
western banks of the Schuylkill, near
Philadelphia, a number of the vege-
tables which he found during his
southern excursions. Among oth-
ers, he may be considered as having
already naturalized the superb Frank-
linia, a native of the country near
the Altamaha, to the severity of a
Pennsylvania winter. The cucum-
ber tree too, a fine species of mag-
nolia, grows to a stately size in his
grounds. This interesting man is
son to the celebrated botanist, Joha
Bartram, who contributed much to
the scientifick character of his coun-
try, by the collections in natural
history which he made, and by his
correspondence with Peter Collin-
son and Charles Linnæus. The
present proprietor now inhabits the
house built by his father, over one
of the windows of which is this in-
scription, expressive of the sense of
devotion, which was felt by that
zealous cultivator of natural history.

His God alone Almighty Lord,
The only one by him ador'd. 1770.

MINERALOGICAL NOTICES FROM

KENTUCKY.

The following information concerning a mineral water near Harrodsburg, and a remarkable stratum of mill-stone rock on a branch of the Kentucky River, is taken from Mr. Samuel P. Demaree's letter to Dr. Mitchill, dated Danville, February 6, 1808.

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Half a mile south of the courthouse in Harrodsburg, there is an acidulous spring of some note. It was discovered, as you have probably heard, in the autumn of 1806. What are the peculiar properties which distinguish this water from that of common springs, is a matter of some dispute among our chemists. Their difference is the more excusabie, because none of them, I think, are possessed of the proper apparatus and tests by which to ascertain the qualities of the water. Its ef. fects are favourable in colicks, rheumatisms, ophthalmias, cutaneous disorders, &c. but pernicious in consumptive cases. The water itself is extremely transparent and sparkling; taste brackish; when boiled off, it leaves a white powder, said to be Epsom salt; when drank, it lies easy on the stomach, is greatly diuretick, and frequently cathartick. Nearly three miles south-east of the above spring there is an old deer lick, in which a well has been sunk, of perennial water. Of this cattle are very fond. I have seen horses run nearly half a mile, cross two flush streams of common rain water, drink at this well, and return immediately back. Cows having access

to it, fatten on very thin pasture. About this well there is clay of a tough consistence, streaked white and blue. An analysis, I hope, would prove it valuable for manufacturing earthen ware.

"On Red River, a head branch of the Kentucky, a very curious kind of rock is found. It seems to have been formed by the concretion of innumerable pebbles, of all figures and many colours. What may be the cementive quality of the pebbles themselves, or rather of the water, or something else which has passed through them, I am not able to determine. The rock is manufactured into excellent mill-stones."

AMERICAN TOURMALINE. This mineral is well known for its singular property of becoming electrical merely by being warmed. It has, therefore, excited the attention of the electrician, as well as of the chemist and mineralogist. Mr. Godon, a distinguished cultivator of the physical sciences, from Paris, and now in this town, has discovered tourmalines in several places which he has visited; and they may now be considered as existing in the neighbourhood of New-York and Philadelphia, in some districts of Massachusetts, at Georgetown, in Columbia, and, above all, in NewHampshire, whose mountains can easily furnish tourmalines enough for all the mineralogical collections in the world. Many of them consist of long black crystals, united to quartz, and possessing very much the appearance of schoerl.

THE MONTHLY ANTHOLOGY.

FOR

MAY, 1808.

For the Anthology.
REMARKER, No. 33.

HAYLEY, in his life of Cowper, has introduced a beautiful poem on Friendship by that moral bard: it is written with all the simplicity and natural elegance, which characterise him; and as his constitutional feebleness and religious despondency frequently required and always received the tenderest assistance of friendly affection, he knew from ex. perience, as also from moral reasoning, the necessary qualities to create and continue this greatest of human delights. Accordingly, he has described it with such artlessness and force of sentiment, with such vigour and extent of view, that he has condensed, in a short poem, the essence of what has been so largely written on the subject by the best authors, ancient and modern. He has indeed added nothing new to what was already known; for Tully had before the christian era, treated the topick with all the acute knowledge, which reading or reflection could supply, and had adorned it with all the graces of eloquence and fancy. But however splendidly decorated, or philosophically investigated by Hayley or Tully, the ancients considered that a perfect union of sentiments Vol. V. No. V. 2 E

and actions was necessary to constitute this virtue. They supposed that two friends were to be intimately acquainted with all the virtues and vices, and opinions and failings of each other; otherwise the passion could not subsist in vigour, or be long continued. They also said, that there must be a coincidence of sentiment, as to any thing, which was wished for or disliked.

The Idem velle atque idem nolle of Horace is well known; and in Cicero, there are many passages of the same nature and tendency. Indeed, in former times, the most romantick ideas were entertained of this virtue. Epithets of enthusiasm and sublimity were lavished on it, as if friendship were the most holy gift of the gods, the proper object of prayer, and the noblest cause of piety and gratitude. A serious reader might almost suppose, that in the works of the classicks, he was reading the compositions of modern writers, such is their flow of sentiment, and their flight of romance; in many to be found all the eloquence of Rousseau, and in some the fanciful doctrines of Zimmerman.

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I certainly do not mean to censure the ancient moralists. They have

often avowed the most just reflections on life and manners; and the elegance of their stile has added every attraction to the truth of their opinions. Yet I cannot but observe with Dr. Johnson, we know little about the ancients. If what they have written and said be the real dictates of their understanding; if their accounts of friendship be not visionary, but practical; if the portraits, which they have drawn, are not merely the ideal beings of the brain, but the true representations of existing characters, we may conclude that Grecian and Roman friends were different from the French or English. In the stores of modern literature, I can find accounts of virtuous friendships, reasonable in their nature, founded in esteem, and durable in operation; but in vain do I search for the inviolable union of Castor and Pollux, the eternal affection of Pylades and Orestes, and the wonderful constancy of Damon and Pythias.

But, without attempting to injure the sentiments of the ancients on this head, it may be reasonably observed, that they endeavoured to write eloquently, rather than accurately; that they were more anxious to show what friendship should be, than to exhibit it as what they had seen or experienced. This was a favourite mode of instruction, as it might induce any one to rise above the common level of virtue, to the most sublime excellence; and it was recommended to the poet or orator for another reason, for in that when they used it, they might give perfect freedom to their imagination; they might array the friend, the philosopher, and the wise man in all the charms of possible perfection, while the sober historian was confined to the truth of testimony and the accuracy of fact. That

the ancients had much romance in their descriptions of virtue, is probable from an accurate view of human nature in relation to the necessary requisites of friendship. If they considered that a thorough acquaintance with each other's views, failings, virtues, and vices, was essential to a perfect, friendly union between two persons, as really seems to have been an idea entertained by some of the old moralists, we may safely affirm, that a complete friendship was never formed among men, and that all descriptions of its existence are unfounded and erroneous.

Such are the infirmity and wickedness of human nature, that no person was ever free from follies and crimes; and such is its prudence or pride, that they are never disclosed. In the awful period of prayer, no doubt some men have confessed all their sins, and humbly have requested pardon for their acknowledged transgressions. But this breathing out of wickedness has been caused by a conviction, that the Omniscient God was already acquainted with them, and by a hope that a devout acknowledgement might propitiate his judgment, and promote a reconciliation between an offended Deity and a vile conceiver or actual perpetrator of crimes. Similar reasons may have operated to induce many of the Roman Catholick church, to pour forth all their sorrows and sins into the hearts of the confessors; as their religion had declared this to be one source of consolation, and, perhaps, one means of salvation. But, independently of such circumstances and reasons, where is the man whose heart has been perfectly known? Where is the tongue, which has proclaimed all the wickedness, which the mind had ever conceived? Where is the friend, who has ever laid open

his whole soul to the inspection of another? The thing is morally impossible. There is always some folly unrevealed, some failing, which as it may be vicious, will not be discovered. Let any one ask himself candidly, whether he have not, at some moment of his life thought of some crime, or actually committed it, which he would be ashamed to acknowledge; which, when recollected, pains him, and would, if published even to a friend, at the hour of midnight, in the secrecy of solitude, distract him. The heart is never pure. It is often clouded with sorrow because of its follies, and sometimes blackened with despair, because of its crimes. When man is born, sin also is engendered; it progresses in extent or enormity during the course of existence, and, though frequently baffled by virtuous resolution, or repented of in contrite humiliation, is never eradicated from the soul, till death drives it from its retreat, and leaves the man to his Maker.

old world are acknowledged to be extravagant, I cannot think that what I have stated is much farther from the truth than the inaccuracy of a copy wanders from the exactness of an original.

Should it however be supposed, that in the treatises of antiquity, true friendship is described, rather as what it should be than what it has been; and that the heroes of this virtue are more wonderful in the page of the moralist, than they were by their conduct in life; that a knowledge of each other's whole nature and a perfect coincidence in sentiments is to be desired rather than expected; it may then be a matter of much doubt, whether the speculations are not too highly coloured, and consequently distrustful, and whether if carried into practice, they might not produce Larm, instead of advantage.

Every foolish boy and romantick girl have learned and believed such beautiful opinions of friendship, that it may not be pleasant to destroy the If this be a true statement of the illusion; yet they should know, that guilt of human nature, we can never errour always leads to evil; that believe, that the friendships of the truth should be the object of every aucient world were founded on a per- pursuit; that practical good is betfect knowledge of the characters, ter than speculative felicity. I do not who formed the union of hearts. It mean to destroy friendly affection; I may perhaps be thought that I have intend to cherish it by sobriety and stated the opinions of heathen mor- care. I am no wild destroyer, who alists too largely; that they never would root out the charities of life, intended that the whole system of but I would prune them with care, intentions and actions in one person and water them with diligence. should be laid bare to the scrutiniz- The friendship of the ancients is ing view of another; and that I have extravagant and useless; it is like in fact raised a hideous phantom, an old oak towering in the inaccessonly to destroy it. This may posible rocks of a lofty mountain, never sibly be the case; but when one invigorated by the mellow breezes writer tells me, that friends should of spring, but always exposed have the same desires and aversions; to the lightnings and shattered by when a philospher, like Tully, says, the blast. that in friendship one soul should animate two bodies; and when the general opinions on the subject in the

For the ordinary purposes of life, there is no necessity of unveiling to a friend all the secrets of the mind.

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