Cerularius attempted to renew the Schifm Chap. 3. an. 1053, by a (14) Letter, written in his Queft12 own Name, and in that of the Arch-Bifhop of Bulgaria, to the Bishop of Trani in Apulia. In this (to remove from himself the Guilt) he charges the Latins with thefe four Errors:

Ift, That in confecrating the B. Sacrament, they make use of unleaven'd Bread.

2dly, That they faft on the Saturdays in Lent.

3dly, That they eat the Blood of Beasts, and of things Strangled.

4thly, That they do not Sing Allelujah in Lent.

Soon after, writing to (15) Peter the Patriarch of Antioch, he carry'd on his Accufation to the following Articles:

Ift. That they confecrate unleaven❜d Bread, 2dly. That they eat Things strangled. 3dly. That they have their Beards. 4thly. That they faft on Saturdays. 5thly. That they eat unclean Things. 6thly. That their Monks eat Flesh and Bacon.

7thly. That they do not keep the firft and laft Week of Lent, as the Greeks do.

8thly. That they fay in the Creed, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. 9thly. That in the Mafs they utter fome Words aloud, which the Greeks do not.

10thly, That their Priefts are not permitted the Ufe of Marriage.

11thly,

(14) Apud Baron. an. 1053. §. 23, &c. (15) Apud Baron. an. 1054. §. 28. &c.

Chap. 3. 11thly, That two Brothers marry two Quest 12 Sifters.

12thly. That, at the Communion, in the the Mass, they give the Pax.

13thly. That their Bishops wear Rings, and that they fight in the Wars.

14thly, That they baptize with one Immerfion only, and make use of Salt.

15thly, That, instead of faying with S. Paul, 1 Cor. v. v. 6, a little Leaven leavens the whole Heap, they fay, a little Leaven corrupts the whole Heap.

16thly, That fome of them do not honour the Relicks of Saints, nor Holy Images.

17thly, That among the Saints they do not reckon S. Bafil, and S. Chryfoftom: nor do they

allow their Doctrine.

When Cerularius writ this, the Bishops of Rome had, in the Proteftant System, challeng'd a Supremacy over the whole Church above four hundred and forty Years. Why then was not this mention'd, if it was, what our Adverfaries take it to be, a groundless and wicked Ufurpation, against the Right of all Christian Bishops? Had the Greeks no Regard to their greatest and deareft Privileges? was not four Centuries and a half fufficient to awaken their Concern? And was not the Pope's Supremacy, if illegal and tyrannical, as forcible an Argument to feparate the Eastern Patriarchs from Communion with Rome, as that the Latins fhave their Beards; that their Bifhops wear Rings, that they give the Pax; that they do not dip a Child thrice in Baptifm, and that they put Salt into its Mouth; that their Monks eat Bacon; that they speak fome

words

words aloud in the Mafs, which the Greeks Chap. 3. whisper; that they fafted on Saturdays; that Quest 12 they keep not Lent fo ftrictly as the Greeks do; that they have a different Reading on 1 Cor. v. v. 6. that they have too little Respect for Relicks, for boly Images, and for the Saints themselves, as S. Chryfoftom, and S. Bafil; or that they eat Larks? I fay, if Cerularius had been a Proteftant, and had writ to Men of Proteftant Principles, would he not have infifted on the Antichristian Doctrine of the Pope's Supremacy, rather than on these Trifles ?

And I cannot but obferve, that both he and Photius were fairly put in mind of the Supremacy. Pope Nicolas the firft, writing to Photius before the Schifm, on the 18th of March (an. 861-2) tells him, that (16) all the Faithful bave Recourse to the Holy Roman See, which is THE HEAD OF THE WHOLE CHURCH. (17) And a little after: For it is evident, fays he, that the Holy Roman See is by S. Peter Prince of the Apostles (who received his Primacy from the Mouth of Chrift) THE HEAD OF THE WHOLE CHURCH.

Cer

(16) Et quia univerfitas credentium ab hac Sanda Romana Ecclefia, que caput omnium eft Ecclefiarum, doctrinam exquirit, &c. Nic. 1. Epift. vi. Tom. viii. Conc. Labb. p. 283. C. (17) Conftat enim San&am Romanam Ecclefiam, per B. Petrum Principem Apoftolorum, qui dominico ore primatum Ecclefiarum fufcipere promeruit, omnium Ecclefiarum Caput effe, Ibid. D.

Chap. 3. Cerularius had scarce fent his peevish LetQueft 12 ter to the Bishop of Trani, when the Affairs of the Greek Empire oblig'd him to write a Submiffive Letter to Pope Leo ix. In which however he has this Expreffion, that if one Church, to wit, that of Rome, will communicate with me; I will take Care, that the univerfal Church fball communicate with the Pope:

To this the Pope anfwer'd, (18) What a monstrous faying is this? Has the Roman Church, which is the Head and Mother of Churches, no Members, no Daughters? How then can fhe be call'd a Head, or a Mother? The Roman

Church is fo far from being alone, or, as you think, one; that what Part of the World foever dif fents proudly from Her, is not to be call'd A CHURCH, but NO CHURCH AT ALL, being rather a Mock-Affembly of Hereticks, a Conventicle of Schifmaticks, and a Synagogue of Satan. This Letter of the Pope was dated in January

an. 1053-4.

In a Letter, writ at the fame Time, to the Greek Emperor, he tells him, that (19) Rome

is

(18) Quid boc monftri eft, Frater cariffime? Romana Ecclefia, Caput & Mater Ecclefiarum, Membra, & Filias non habet? Romana Ecclefia adeo non eft sola, vel ficut tu putas una,ut in toto orbo terrarum quæcunq; Natio diffentit fuperbe ab ea, non fit jam dicenda vel habenda Ecclefia aliqua, fed omnino nulla: quin potius Conciliabulum Hæreticorum, Conventiculum Schif maticorum, & Synagoga Satane. Leo. ix. Epift. vi. ad Mich. Cerularium. Tom. ix. Conc. Labb. pag. 980. C. (19) quod (caput) Christi vox prætulit, & præeminere voluit univerfis, & fubfequens Ecclefiæ pietas

generalis fan&orum Patrum confenfus jugiter hactenus celebravit. Leo ix. Epift. vii. p. 981. E.

is the Head of the Church, to which the Voice Chap. 3. of Chrift gave a Pre-eminence ABOVE ALL THE Quelt12 REST, which the fubfequent Piety of the Church, and the unanimous Confent of the Holy Fathers bas at all Times hitherto feconded.

Cerularius, in his Letter above quoted to Peter the Patriarch of Antioch, mentions the Legates, by whom these Letters were fent. Which fhews us, that they were deliver'd at Conftantinople, before that Letter was writ.

These two Facts therefore are certain. Ift: that the Greeks long before their Schifm, own'd the Pope's Supremacy. 2dly, that they had no Thoughts of calling it in Question, when their Schifm first began.

Thirteenth QUESTION.

Did the Bishops of Rome, before Boniface the third, challenge a Supremacy in Spirituals, over the whole Church?

ANSWER.

TH

HEY did. For Dr. Heylin's (1) System, in this, is not defenfible. He grants, that Pope Boniface iii. an. 606, and all his Succeffors after him, have afferted this Supremacy: But denies it of all his Predeceffors. But if the great and general Council of Calcedon, acknowledg'd it, an, 451, in the Bishop of Rome, as we have feen in the laft Queftion; it is certain, that the Bishops

(1) Chronel. L. I. p. 91,