trees; a wooden machine to lay out ferpentine walks expeditioufly, &c. &c.) feem to have fome use, and fill no long chapter, viz. the 12th.

In chapter 13th Mr. W. gives us a defcription of the bridge called Sans Pareil, or two bridges croffing each other, about 20 feet broad and 22 feet from the furface of the water. This bridge is thrown over the croffing of the canals from Ardres to Gravelines, and from St. Omer's to Calais. The abutments are on the four necks of land betwixt the canals, so that, when on the centre of the bridge, you may take four ways. Without fuch a contrivance to effect this purpose, you must have had four bridges. Mr. W. wonders, and juftly, that no travellers have hitherto described this bridge. He alfo defcribes a kind of float of boats, with fcythes fo faftened to poles, that the weeds in the canals are eafily cut up by them. In this chapter alfo Mr. W. justly obferves, that the example of the French," who make their foldiers work on the cutting of canals in the neighbourhood of the country here spoken of, deserves our imitation; and hopes that many of our nobility will imitate the Duke of Bridgewater's princely undertaking. Mr. W. recommends, juftly enough, as we want hands, the imitation of the Dutch, who carry on many manufactures, especially fawing of timber, by mills. He thinks alfo that the convenient and cheap manner of travelling in barges in Flanders, might be imitated in many parts of England. But would not this scheme ruin many turnpike roads, for the fupport of which, money is' lent on public faith?

In the 14th chapter Mr. W. affures his Reader, that whoever fees the public roads abroad, planted with trees, will be convinced, that the objection to this improvement arifing from the fuppofal of the road's being kept wet by the trees, is nothing. He wifely advifes the planting of quick growing trees, and mentions the furprifing profit from an acre fet with Norfolk or Dutch willow.

We agree with Mr. W. in his obfervation, that the almost total impoffibility of a gentleman's profiting by farming, is a ftrong inducement to plant.

Mr. W. proposes to employ a gardener in every county, to raise trees, to plant the turnpike roads with oaks and elms, and the banks of rivers and canals with aquatics; and he prefumes that in a series of years the debts on the roads may be paid off." -We wish that this calculation may not be far too favourable to be verified by fact. We think particularly that the expence of guarding the trees when planted, and repairing the deficiencies of trees deftroyed, would be found very confiderable. However,

X 3

However, Mr. W. has the authority of the excellent Mr. Harte for a county-nurseryman.

The 15th chapter contains ufeful tables to fhew how many trees, at a given distance, will stock an acre.

The 16th gives rules for fattening of fowls; but (as Mr. W. owns) without regard to frugality (fee p. 171.) viz. fowls by rice and fugar, geefe and ducks by ground malt, and turkeys by whole walnuts, encreafing and then decreafing the quantity. N. B. The Society for Encouragement of Arts, &c. propofe a golden medal for the beft method.

Chapter 17th explains a propofal (but an expenfive one) of having orange and lemon trees fet in open earth, and covered with a cafe of wood and glass in winter, with fire of charr'd peat, &c.

Chapter 18th recommends, as the most effectual method of making the cuttings and layers of tender trees grow, to cover them with hand-glaffes, and fet the pots in tan.

Chapter 19th opens with very probable opinions, 1ft, That the greater part of our brewed wines, fold for genuine foreign, are railed from cyder and fugar; 2dly, That much perry is fold for Champaigne, and currant wine for red Champaigne and red Burgundy; 3dly, That an infufion of elder flowers imitates Frontiniac; 4thly, That Smyrna raisins, with brandy and cloves, will refemble Madeira; 5thly, That white currant wine, with brandy, refembles white port, with clary, rhenifh, and (when old) hock, and with Lifben fugar, when old, fack; 6thly, Malaga raifins make a wine much refembling Lifbon and Mountain. He notes that honey clarified has a good effect in imitating foreign wines, and that white wines may be turned into red by an infufion of turnfole, syrup of floes, elderberries, and mulberries. He then makes an extract from a very scarce book, “ England's Intereft; or, the Farmer's Friend," in praise of cyder-royal, which, on experience, we pronounce to be excellent. From the fame book Mr. W. quotes a paffage to fhew the advantage of planting a field with apple-trees, currant-trees, and goofeberry-trees. Mr. W.'s own method of making wine, by putting 3 cwt. of Malaga raifins (only the grofs ftalks picked out) to about 65 gallons of loft water, and firring them for about 14 days in a mafh tub, we can avouch to be a good one, on experience.

The 20th chapter gives the method of making ftarch of potatoes, which is pretty well known. But from a memoir in the Swedish Academy, Mr. W. informs us, that an acre, fet with potatoes, will afford more brandy, than if fet with barley.

Chapter 21ft advifes to improve cucumbers, by nailing them against a wall, and otherwife raifing them from the ground.

The

The 22d chapter recommends (from an Effay published in Dublin) the rearing of calves by hay-water; a method long known, and which cannot fail of fuccefs.

Chapter 23d recommends planting of larches, firs, poplars, and willows, on barren lands, of which he gives inftances; and fhews, by experiments, that the ftrength of timber is increased by barking the trees while ftanding: nay, that the fap of barked trees exceeds the heart of others in ftrength.

The 24th chapter contains advice to improve the quantity and flavour of milk about London, by giving the cows burnet, lucerne, cabbage, turneps and carrots, and adds teftimonies

in favour of all thefe.

The last chapter propofes to deftroy infects on plants, by putting drugs which will kill them, in the phials of electrical machines.

Mr. W.'s work is clofed by a very curious lift of (with fome remarks on) our old English writers on agriculture, gardening, and botany, continued down to the time of publishing this work. As Mr. W. is very candid in judging of his fellow writers, he deferves therefore to be treated with candour; and we doubt not that his next volume will be written with a pen fomewhat more correct.

e-r

ART. XI. A Courfe of Experimental Agriculture. Containing an exact Register of all the Bufinefs tranfacted, during five Years; viz. from 1752 to 1757, on near 300 Acres of various Soils, including a Variety of Experiments on the Cultivation of all Sorts of Grain and Pulfe, both in the old and new Methods. The raifing large Crops of Turnips, Cabbages, Carrots, Potatoes, &c. and feveral Plants not ufually cultivated as Food for Cattle, and the Application of them to the feeding or fattening of Oxen, Corus, Horfes, Hogs, Sheep, &c. Alfo the Management of the artificial Graffes, particularly Clover, Lucerne, Sainfine, Burnet, &c. in the broadcaft, drilling, and tranfplanting Methods; and their Ufes in feeding feveral Sorts of Cattle. The Culture of Madder. A particular Comparison between the old and new Husbandry. The Management of Pafture Lands. On Ploughing, Harrowing, and other Operations of Tillage, relative to the Seafon, Number, Depth, &c. On the general feeding and fattening of Cattle, on various Articles of Food; the Expences, Profit, Quantity eat, &c. The Implements of Hußbandry, their Defects, Improvements, &c. With other Subjects of Importance to the Country Gentleman and Farmer. The Whole demonftrated in near 2000 original Experiments. By Arthur Young, Efq; Author of The Farmer's Letters, and Tours to the Southern and Northern Counties, &c. &c. 2 Vols. 4to. 21. 10 s. (Review continued.)

HE first fection of Book I. Chap. I. contains experiments on the culture of wheat in the old husbandry.

TH

Remarks of Mr. Y. and the Reviewers, on the particulars of these Experiments.

On ift. p. 6, 1, 23, price is wanting after good. R.

3d. Land is left in good heart by high tillage.' Y. This point fhould be well weighed in all calculations. R,

Great crops are fubject to lodge.' Y.

This point fhews, ft, That in calculations of fuccefs of high tillage, confiderable deductions should be made on this account; and, zdly, That the wheat, which is well known to have no hollow ftem, should, on fuch tillage, have the preference; at least cæteris paribus. R. 5th. The public will expect an account from Mr, Y. why this experiment is totally wanting. R.

6th. The benefit of the feed fhould be added to profit. R.

Loam inclining to clay appears preferable to gravelly in this high tillage.' Y. Is not the rent and culture ufually higher ? R. 8th. p. 15, 1. 24. Certainly 2 1, 8 s. is fubftituted for 12 s. (according to Mr. Y.'s other charge) which overcharge of 1 1. 16 s. makes a confiderable difference in expences. R.

10th. Some neighbouring fields yielded not above two or three bufhels to the acre.' Y. This is a very material point to be confidered in judgments of all crops, unless fuch bad crops were owing to peculiar neglects. R.

12th. Mr. Y. allows nothing for the clay manure; yet owns it must have done fervice. Now, though we think the fervice of the manure fmall, we inuft judge that Mr. Y. on his principles, should have made an allowance. R.

14th. Mr. Y. juttly obferves here, that the new husbandry of beans appears not to equal a fallow in preparing of land. R.

Profit by the beans per acre was

'Lofs by wheat

1. s. d. · 1 18 10

0 18 10

Balance 1

which is about 5 s. per acre profit on the bean land above that of the fallow for two years.' Y.

It remains to be known which land would, under the fame crops, leave more profit in the third year.

R.

16th. The inferiority of expence of tillage to that of manure renders this crop moft profitable.'

Corn being very liable to lodge, all additions of most beneficial manure are fure, in bad feafons, to make the crop lefs valuable ; and therefore potatoes, cabbages, and turnips, afford fairest experiments on comparative value of tillage and manure.' Y. These are juft obfervations. Is it not of great confequence in agriculture to have regifters of weather, from whence to judge of the probability of any fummer's being dry or wet, on the principles of chances? R.

General Obfervations of Mr. Y. and the Reviewers on these

Experiments.

I. Mr. Y. throws the expences into a table, and thence deduces the average expence of one acre, viz. 3 1. 9s. oid.

We