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for ages, had a perennial spring, in the state of things established by their short-sighted rulers. What the situation of Italy was, at the close of the seventeenth century, the reader will have seen from the beautiful lines which I have chosen by way of motto to the present volumes. What the situation of Italy is, at the commencement of the present century, I have endeavoured to shew in the following pages. The remedy-the sole remedy-pointed out by that great and good man, Mr. Addison, for the manifold miseries which afflicted that fairest portion of God's globe at the former period, so strikingly continues to be the one that is called for in the present, that I am confident I shall be excused for introducing it at the close of these my prefatory observations. Without the enjoyment of that rational liberty which Englishmen have so long laid claim to, as their imprescriptible right, no nation can be virtuous or happy!

"Oh, Liberty, thou goddess heavenly bright,
Profuse of bliss, and pregnant with delight!

Eternal pleasures in thy presence reign,

And smiling plenty leads thy wanton train;
Eas'd of her load, subjection grows more light,
And poverty looks cheerful in thy sight;

Thou mak'st the gloomy face of nature gay,
Giv'st beauty to the sun, and pleasure to the day.
"Thee, goddess, thee, Britannia's isle adores ;

How has she oft exhausted all her stores!
How oft in fields of death thy presence sought,
Nor thinks the mighty prize too dearly bought!
On foreign mountains may the sun refine

The grape's soft juice, and mellow it to wine,
With citron groves adorn a distant soil,

And the fat olive swell with floods of oil:
We

envy not the warmer clime, that lies

In ten degrees of more indulgent skies,

Nor at the coarseness of our heaven repine,

Though o'er our heads the frozen Pleiads shine:

'Tis LIBERTY that crowns Britannia's isle,

And makes her barren rocks and her bleak mountains smile."

LONDON, JUNE 1, 1824.

CHAP. V.

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CHAP. VI.

CHAP. VII.

CHAP. VIII.

CHAP. X.

CHAP. XI.

CHAP. XII.

CHAP. XIII.

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