Insect Pests of Rice

abundance active adults Africa America aphids areas armyworm Asia attack average Bangladesh become biotypes brown cause Chemical Chilo suppressalis China common crickets Cultural damage early effective eggs emergence Entomol Fabricius feed females field field crickets gall midge genes hatching hibernate host important increases India infestation insect pests insecticides instars International Rice Research Japan known laid larvae leaf leaf sheath leafhopper leaves levels light loss maggot major methods migrate moths Nephotettix Nilaparvata lugens nymphs occurs oryzae oviposition parasites period pests of rice Philippines planthopper population predators prefer pupae pupation recorded reduced remain reported resistance rice crop rice plants Rice Research Institute rice varieties ricefields roots Scirpophaga incertulas Seasonal Selected soil South species stage stem borer studies surface temperature tillers tion transplanting tropical upland usually Walker weevil wide yield