gold set with pearls, meeting in a globe crossed, like the emperor's. The cap scarlet. Pl. xLv., n. 16.

ARCH, as in architecture, is borne in Heraldry either double or single, and should be drawn on, or supported! by pillars; see Pl. XLI., n. 3.

ARCHED, or ARCHY, bowed or bent in the form of ar arch.

ARGENT is the French word for silver, and in Heraldry is white in heraldic sketches it is abbreviated to A. Silver was formerly used, but from its soon turning black, white was substituted. Pl. II.

ARM. This part of the human body is frequently and variously borne, both as a charge and for a crest; as, an arm erect, couped at the elbow. Pl. XL., n. 17.

Arm in armour, embowed proper, couped at the shoulder, grasping an arrow. Pl. xL., n. 22. Three dexter arms conjoined at the shoulders, and flexed in triangle, with the fists clenched. Pl. xL., n. 2. Two arms in armour, em

bowed, supporting a pheon. Pl. XL., n. 23.

ARMED signifies the horns, hoofs, beak, or talons, of any beast or bird of prey (being their weapons), which, when borne of a different tincture from that of their bodies, are described as being armed so and so.

ARMING BUCKLE, a buckle in the shape of a lozenge. See Pl. XXVIII., n. 9.

ARRACHÉ, the French term for Erased.

ARRONDIE signifies round or circular. See Pl. n. 31.

XXXVII.,

ARROWS are frequently used in heraldry, and are usually borne barbed and flighted, i. e. feathered. See one, Pl. xxiv., n. 8. In English heraldry (it is exactly the reverse in French) the arrow is always represented with its barb or point downwards, unless otherwise

expressed Arrows, when in bundles or parcels, are usually termed sheares, and are understood, unless a greater number be mentioned, to consist of three only, one in pale (upright), and two others in saltier (crossing it), bound together, or banded. It is not uncommon, however, to have five or seven in a sheaf; but the number, if more than three, must be specified.

ASCENDANT, rising, or issuing upward; sometimes applied to smoke, flame, rays, or beams.

ASPERSED, by some authors used instead of strewed or prodered.

Ass (the) is frequently borne in heraldry. Pl. xxvI., n. 7. Argent, a fess between three asses passant, sable; name, Askere.

Assis signifies sitting, or sejant: the example is a lion assis affronté, or sejant gardant. Pl. xxxi., n. 6. ASTEROIDS, stars resembling planets: see ESTOILES. ASSURGENT, rising out of the sea.

ASTROLABE, an instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars at sea.

ASSYRIAN GOAT. See INDIAN GOAT.

AT BAY. A stag at bay, is used to express the position of a stag when standing on the defensive, with his head downwards, to meet the onset of dogs and hunts

men.

ATHELSTAN'S CROSS. Party per saltire, gules and azure, on a besant, a cross botonné or. Arms invented by later heralds for King Athelstan, who expelled the Danes, subdued the Scots, and reduced this country to one monarchy. Pl. xxxix., n. 14.

ATTIRED, a term used when speaking of the horns of a stag, buck, goat, or ram, &c. When of different tinctures from their bodies, it must be mentioned.

ATTIRES, a term for the horns of a stag or buck: see the attires of a stag affixed to the scalp

n. 33.

Pl. xxxi.,

AVELLANE, a cross, so called because the quarters of it resemble a filbert-nut. Pl. vi., n. 7.

AUGMENTATIONS signify particular marks of honour, granted by the sovereign for some heroic or meritorious act. They are usually borne either on an escutcheon, or a canton, as by the baronets of England. See Pl. XLI., n. 15. When augmentations are borne on a chief, fess, canton, or quarter, the paternal coat keeps its natural place, and is blazoned first. See the arms of Manners. Pl. xi., n. 3.

AURÉ, dropped with gold; the same as Gutteé d'or. AYLETS, or sea-swallows, represented sable, beaked and legged, gules; some term them Cornish choughs.

AZURE is the colour blue, and in engraving this colour is expressed by horizontal lines from the dexter to the sinister side of the shield. To avoid mistakes in the abbreviations of Argent and Azure, the letter B is always used to signify the latter. (See Plates II., XV., XVII.)

BADGE. A device or cognizance embroidered upon the sleeves of servants and followers, or on the backs and breasts of the soldiery and yeomen of the guard, &c.

King Henry II. is said to have first used a badge in this country. It is stated to have been an escarbuncle, the cognizance of the House of Anjou, he being the son of the Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I., and of Plantagenet, Earl of Anjou, but there is no contemporary authority for it. A star between the horns of a crescent is seen upon the great seals of Richard I.,

John, and Henry III., a rose or, stalked proper is attributed to Edward I. A castle is seen on the great seal of Edward II. Edward III. used for a badge, rays of the sun descending from clouds argent, also an ostrich feather all gold. His son, Edward the Black Prince, bearing it argent and John of Gaunt ermine. The badge of Richard II. was a white hart, lodged, with a crown round his neck, and chained, or; he bore, also, the sun in his splendour. Henry IV. bore, on a sable ground, three ostrich feathers, erm.; also a fox's tail dependant, ppr. He also bore the red rose, which he inherited from his grandfather, Henry, first Duke of Lancaster. In his single combat with Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, he exhibited the swan and antelope, while the Duke had mulberry-leaves for his badge, in allusion to his name of Mowbray. The badges of Henry V. were a burning cresset and a fleur-de-lis crowned. Henry VI. chose a panther, semée of roundles, and also two ostrich feathers in saltier. Edward IV. took the white rose, to which, after the battle of Mortimer's Cross, where he thought he saw three suns conjoined, he added golden rays. Another badge of this monarch was a falcon in a fetterlock. Richard III. used the white rose in the sun, in imitation of his brother, and a white boar. Henry VII. adopted the portcullis of the House of Lancaster, and a rose, per pale white and red: afterwards, he placed the white rose within the red one. Henry VIII. continued this badge; but with him the party-coloured rose was frequently rayonnée and crowned. Queen Elizabeth took a phoenix in flames, with the motto, semper eadem. Her other badge was a falcon or, crowned or, holding a sceptre of the second, and standing on the stump of a tree, between two

growing branches of white and red roses; which badge had been given to her mother, Anne Boleyne, by Henry VIII.

Among the most celebrated of the badges borne by nobles, was the bear and ragged staff (which still exists as an inn sign) of the great Earl of Warwick, derived from the Beauchamps. The white hart of

Richard II., and the silver swan of the House of Lancaster, are also still frequently met with as signs to inns, though their origin is seldom thought of. Few of the ancient cognisances are now generally remembered, except the roses of York and Lancaster, and the three feathers borne in a coronet by the Princes of Wales since the reign of Henry VIII.; which latter have, without interruption, continued from the time of their first assumption to be a favourite ornament of royalty.

The Badge of England (proper) is a rose, white and red, ensigned with the royal crown.

The Badge of Scotland is a thistle, ensigned with the royal crown.

The Badges of Ireland are,-1. A harp or, stringed or, ensigned with the royal crown:-2. The trefoil or shamrock, similarly ensigned.

All of these may be said to be the badg of the United Kingdom, and are now represented at Pl. XLIII., n. 1, conjointly.

The Badge of Wales is a dragon passant, wings clevated, gu., on a mount vert. It was first adopted by King Henry VII.

The Badge of Ulster (which is the distinguishing mark borne in the paternal coat of English baronets, commonly called "the bloody hand" in the arms of