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Now Tacitus in his Life of Agricola, attributes the Lofs of this their fo remarkable Valour, to the Lofs of their Liberty. "Gallos in bellis flo

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ruifle accepimus, mox fegnities cum otio intravit,

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amiffa Virtute pariter ac Libertate. And Í hope the Reader will excufe me, if the Love of my Country makes me add that remarkable Teftimony of the Valour of the Gauls, mentioned by Justin, lib. 24. "The Gauls (fays he) finding their Multitudes to increase CC fo faft, that their Lands cou'd not afford σε them fufficient Suftenance, fent out three CC hundred thousand Souls to feek for new CC Habitations. Part of these feated themfelves in Italy; who both took and burnt the City of Rome. Another part penetrated as far as the Shores of Dalmatia, deftroying infinite Numbers of the Barbarians, and fettled them"felves at laft in Pannonia. A hardy bold and warlike Nation; who ventured next after Hercules, (to whom the like Attempt gave a Reputation of extraordinary Valour, and a (C Title to Immortality) to cross those almost σε inacceffible Rocks of the Alps, and places fcarce paffable by reafon of the Cold: Where after having totally fubdued the Pannonians they waged War with the bordering Provinces for many Years. And afterCC wards- being encouraged by their Success, Сс fubdivided their Parties; when some took their way to Gracia, fome to Macedonia, deftroying all before them with Fire and Sword. And fo great was the Terror of the Name of theGauls, that feveral Kings (not in the least threatned by them)of their own accord, purchased their peace with large Sums ff of Money. And in the following Book, he

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«lays, So great was the Fruitfulness of "the Gauls at that time, that like a Swarm "they fill'd all Afia. So that none of the Ea

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ftern Kings either ventured to make War "without a mercenary Army of Gauls, or fled "for refuge to other than the Gauls, when "they were driven out of their Kingdoms. And thus much may fuffice concerning their warlike Praises and Fortitude, which (as Tacitus tells us) was quite gone, as soon as they loft their Liberty. Yet fome Cities, or Commonwealths, (as Plinius, lib. 4. cap. 11. tells us) were permitted to continue free, after the Romans had reduced Gallia to the Form of a Province. Such were the Nervii, Ulbaneffes, Sueffiones and Leuci. Alfo fome of the Confederates: and among thofe he reckons the Lingones, Rhemi, Carnutes and Ædui.

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But we may easily learn from these Words of Critognatus the Arvernian, mentioned by Cafar, lib. 7. what the Condition was of those Commonwealths, which had the Misfortune to be reduced into the Form of a Province. " If (fays he) you are ignorant after what manner far diftant Nations are used by the Romans, you have no more to do, but to look at our neighbouring Gallia, now reduced into the Form of a Province: Which having its Laws and Customs chang'd, and being "fubjected to the Power of the Axes, is opprefs'd with perpetual Slavery.

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We are to underftand, there were three kinds of Servitude, or Slavery. First, To have a Garifon of Soldiers impofed upon them, to keep them in awe; yet fuch Provinces as feemed peaceable and quiet, had no great Armies maintained in them. For Jofephus writes in

His 2d Book of the Hift. of the Jews,

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in the Emperor Titus's time, the Romans had CC but 1200 Soldiers in Garison in all Gaul, al

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tho' (fays he) they had fought with the CC Romans for their Liberty, almoft 800 Years, and had near as many Cities, as the Romans σε had Garison-Soldiers. A Second Sort of Servitude was, when any Province was made Tributary, and compelled to pay Taxes; and to that End were forced to endure a Number of Tax-gatherers, that is, Harpies and Leeches, which fuck'd out the very Blood of the Provin cials. Eutropius tells us, in his 6th Book, That Cæfar, as foon as he had fubdued Gaul, impos'd a Tax upon it, by the Name of a Tribute, which amounted to H. S. Quadringenties; which is about a Million of our Crowns. A Third Sort of Servitude was, when the Provinces were not permitted to be govern'd by their own Laws; but had Magiftrates and Judges, with full Power and Authority ( cum imperio & fecuribus) over Life and Eftate, fent them by the People of Rome. This Threefold Slavery not only our Gallia, but all the other Provinces, took moft bitterly to heart; and therefore in Tiberius's Reign, not long after Cafar's Conqueft, Tacitus tells us, That the Cities of Gaul rebell'd, becaufe of the Continuance of Taxes, the Extortions of Ufurers, and Infolence of the Soldiery. And afterwards in Nero's Reign, Suetonius writes, "That the "Gauls being weary of his Tyranny, revolted. "The World (fays he) having for near 13 "Years, endured fuch a Sort of Prince, at laft ct fhook him off: The Gauls beginning the "Defection. Now all Gallia was divided by the Romans into 16 Provinces, viz. Viennenfis, Nar

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Narbonenfis prima, Narbonenfis fecunda, Aquitania prima, Aquitania fecunda, Novempopulana, Alpes maritime, Belgica prima, Belgica fecunda, Germania prima, Germania fecunda, Lugdunenfis prima, Lugdunenfis fecunda, Lugdunenfis tertia, Maxima Sequanorum, & Alpes Grace, as Antoninus in his Itinerary, and Sextus Rufus, give an Account of them. But Ammianus Marcellinus treats of them more particularly, lib. 15..

But to return to what we were speaking of: 'Tis not to be imagined, how grievously, and with what Indignation, the Gauls bore the Infolencies and Plunderings of the Romans; nor how frequently they revolted upon that Account and because they were not ftrong enough of themselves to fhake off the Roman Tyranny, 'twas a common Custom with them, to hire German Auxiliaries. These were the firft Beginnings of the Colonies of the Franks: For thofe Germans, whether they were beaten by the Romans, or (which is more likely) were bought off by them, began by little and little, to fettle themfelves in the Borders of Gallia. This gave occafion to Suetonius, in his Life of Auguftus, to fay, "He drove the Germans beyond the River Elb; but the Suevi and Si"cambri (fubmitting themselves) he tranfplanted into Gallia, where he affign'd them Lands CC near the River Rhine----. Alfo in his Life of Tiberius, He brought (fays he) forty "thousand of thofe that had furrendred them"felves in the German War, over into Gallia, "and allotted them Settlements upon the GC Banks of the Rhine. Neither muft we omit what Flavius Vopifcus records, concerning the Reign of Probus the Emperor, in whofe time almost all Gallia, that is, fixty Cities, re

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volted from the Romans; and with common Confent, took up Arms for the Recovery of their Liberty: Having done these things (fays he) he march'd with a vaft Army into Gaul, which after Pofthumus's Death was all "in Commotion, and when Aurelianus was kill'd, was in a manner poffeffed by the Germans; there he gain'd fo many Victories, "that he recover'd from the Barbarians fixty cc of the moft noble Cities of Gallia: And whereas they had overfpread all Gallia without Controul, he flew near four hundred thoufand of those that had feated themselves “ within the Roman Territories,and tranfplanted the Remainders of them beyond the RiCC vers Neckar, and Elb.

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But how cruel and inhuman the Domination of the Romans was in Gallia: How intolerable their Exactions were: What horrible and wicked Lives they led; and with how great Inveteracy and Bitterness they were hated upon that Account by the Gauls, (especially by the Chriftians) may best be learn'd from the Works of Salvianus, Bishop of Marseilles, which treat of Providence: Therefore 'tis incredible to tell, whatMultitudes of Germans pour'd themfelves intoGallia; theGauls not only not hindring, but even favouring and calling them in. Lati nus Pacatus, in his Speech to Theodofius, has this Paffage; "From whence fhou'd I begin CC my Difcourfe, but from thy Mifchiefs, O "Gallia! who may'ft juftly challenge a Superiority in fufferings, above all the Nations of the Earth, that have been vexed with this Plague? Now 'tis moft plain both from Sidonius Apollinaris, and efpecially from the above-mentioned Salvianus, in many places of D 2

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