On this head, there has very justly been at all times some provision of law, either civil or natural: We have no doubt that an article of civil law existed on this subject prior to the council of Wittenagemot. It is no doubt, then, very much to be desired, that every thing like the wanton cruelty which is so often inflicted upon animals, were banished for ever from the human heart; that the universal herd of mankind were of so civilized a disposiMr Martin, however, has considered the animal in a more tion as to practise towards every sentient being the divine liberal point of view,-representing it as a creature formed to maxim of doing unto others as we would have others do unta act another part in the plan of the world than merely that of us. But this is a consummation, we are persuaded, never tɔ servitude to man. He considers it as a creature, whose first be accomplished by means of legislation. It is not by acts of and constant instinct it is to pass through existence like our-Parliament that men are to be improved in sentiment and selves, with as much of pleasant, and with as little of disa- refined in morals: the subtler influences of education, religion, greeable or painful sensation, as possible. And, in this view, the press, social intercourse, and a few other influences of we have a question of a totally different sort. that sort, are the only efficient and practicable means of re formation in this respect. We are of opinion, that a legislature has nothing to do in providing for the comfort, safety, or preservation of animals, If however an act of Parliment be considered of any avail, when they are considered not as property, but as an inde-in so remote and so intimate an operation as that of amending pendent class of beings. The truth is, we have quite enough the hearts of men-why, then, we conceive there is business to do in legislating for our own species; and are not called enough for acts of Parliment in the correcting of cruelty towards upon, by any sense of duty, to devise an economy for the creatures of our own species, before we proceed to the greater benefit of the lower orders. Laws are made by men, for the refinement of correcting it towards animals. So long as 2 protection, peace, and well-being of men alone, in all their word can inflict more pain upon a wife, a parent, or a friend, interests. Animals are left to shift for themselves. And than a thousand stripes can inflict upon an animal, why do when the tender mercies of their superiors do not befriend we neglect the primary duty to our fellow creatures, of corthem, Nature has furnished them with powers, by which they recting, as much as in our power, all the politer instances e are enabled, in some degree, to repel or to escape from ag- cruelty among them? and why do we rather seek to follow the gression. morbid impulse of bettering the condition of animals, whose miseries, we have reason to believe, are greatly inferior upon the whole to those of the human race? A legislature, we repeat, has to provide only for the interests of the society or community over which it presides; or, in some capital points, for the whole of the single species to which it belongs. It is plain, then, that animals are by inevitable destiny excluded from the blessings of human legislation for they constitute no part of the august society of men; they form no class of the body politic; they are never called upon, as patriotic members, to bear arms in defence of the state; their numbers are not enrolled in any public census, as adding so much to the population or to the strength of the empire, excepting always in the way of inert property. We are not aware, indeed, that jealous humanity has ever admitted animals to a full participation in the elevated rank of men, even among the most barbarous hordes. The Laplander still keeps his rein-deer at a respectful distance; and the peasant of the Alps, when he suffers his mule to repose beside him, is at the same time proudly conscious that the irrational is permitted to enjoy this unequal fellowship only by a special privilege. There was amongst the Romans, to be sure, a certain law called the lex talionis, which brought very much into one level the different species of rational and irrational. By this it was declared, that whatever animal should (in the pleni, tude of fits wits) injure the person or property of a Roman, the said animal must be subjected in so many stripes or in such a loss of flesh and blood as should be proportionate to the offence. Excepting this single instance, however, we recollect of no act of legislation recognizing the rationality of animals, or admitting them into the status of citizens in human society. Since that period mankind have improved into a sense of their vast superiority over all other animals; and reckon it a pure heresy whenever any attempt is made to reduce under one class such different orders of beings, or even to bring them into any near approximation. The truth of the matter is, that neither the one set of delinquencies nor the other are fit subjects for legislative interfe rence; and any act of Parliament in respect to them must, i our conception be extremely weak, fitful, and indiscriminate in its operation; and, in all probability, destined very speedily to pass into a dead letter. THE TOMB OF ABELARD AND ELOISE. There is at present exhibiting at the Western Exchange. Old Bond street, a model of the beautiful Arabic monument erected in the cemetery of Pere la Chaise to the memory these celebrated and unfortunate lovers, Abelard and Eloise. There are few subjects calculated to awaken feelings of deeper interest in a sentimental bosom than the story handed down to us through a period of seven hundred years, of the peculiar love and sufferings of this ill-fated couple; and if it was before calculated, from the singular and affecting nature of its details to float above the waters of oblivion through so many ages, its immortality was secured when our great Pope selected it as the ground-work of a poem that can only be forgotten when al that is exquisite in poetry shall cease to charm, and taste and feeling shall be no more. The present model is most ingen:ously executed in glass, and presents a very elegant specime of the extraordinary perfection to which that branch of art has been brought. Its size, in proportion to the original. which is 36 feet in height, is one-fourth. The principal parts of the base, the tomb, and the roof, resemble dark blueish marble, except so far as glass is more glossy than that material. The columns, ornaments, and edges of the base, &c. are formed of white spun glass, curiously inlaid: and the statues. on the lid of the tomb, as well as the figures in bas relief on the upper part of the monument, are executed in alabaster which imparts to it the effect of closer resemblance to the err It appears, then, to be no part of the business of a legislature to enact laws directly in regard to the condition of irra-ginal. Monsieur Gibon, the artist, has also some other spe tional animals, except as these animals constitute the property of citizens. The only plausible ground for an interference of the legislature in this matter, is the demoralizing effect of the practice and exhibition of cruelty to animals, upon the minds of those who do belong to the community, There is no other foundation for Mr Martin's Act, which is not absolutely ridiculous; -although a very general admixture of other principles may be observed in the reasonings of those who supported Mr Martin in his late applications to Parliament. cimens of glass-work, which are sufficiently curious, particu closely to his cold breast. The writer omitted to mention, pay an interest of four per cent. on the unliquidated two however, whether the embrace was momentary or permanent; thirds of the demands, that interest to commence on the 1st so that it would be venturesome to say whether, upon opening of January next. the grave at this day, we might not find, still interlocked in each other's arms, the amorous skeletons of the pious founders of the Paraclete. POSTSCRIPT. MONDAY, DEC. 26. We understand that advices were received on Saturday by express from Petersburgh, with official information of the death of the Emperor Alexander. He died at Taganrog on the 1st inst. it is said, after an illness of two days. His Imperial Majesty had been in a declining state of health for some time, but was considered by the accounts previously received from him to be so completely re-established in his health, that Te Deum had been performed at Petersburgh as for his complete recovery. The question of the succession has been put an end to by the proclamation of the Grand Duke Constantine, the Emperor's brother, as Autocrat of all the Russias and it is added, that so little want of harmony prevailed among the brothers, that Constantine had appointed, the Grand Duke Nicholas to the command of the Royal Guards. 3 per Cent. 83.3 per Cent. Reduced, 814. New 4 per Cent. 1822, LONDON MARKETS. CORN EXCHANGE, Dec. 26, 1825. Supplies since last Monday very moderate. Old Wheat as last quoted; New Samples are rather lower. Barley rather higher. Beans and Peas rather dearer; and Oats dull at last Monday's prices. Flour is generally considered at 60s. CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN. 52s. 55s. Poland Potatoe Maple. Scotch White 40s. 46s. Flour, per Sack Aggregate Average Prices of the Twelve Maritime Districts of England and Wales, by which Exportation and Bounty are to be regulated in Great Britain. ........ Wheat per Quarter, 63s. 4d.-Barley, 41s. 4d.-Oats, 26s. 5d.-Rye, 46s. 5d.-Beans, 45s. 6d.-Peas, 49s. 5d. SMITHFIELD, DEC. 26.. Beef is selling this morning at 5s. Od. to 5s.4d. per stone for best cattle, and 4s. 8d. to 5s. 2d. Mutton rather lower, and Veal from 58.4d. to 6s.4d. per stone. Pork the same as last week. Beef...... To sink the Offal-per Stone of 81bs. NAPOLEON AND THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.-The Emperor invited Colonel Campbell to breakfast at Briare, during which he was very inquisitive relative to Lord Wellington's private character; often saying to the Colonel's answers, "C'est comme moi ;" and said he should like very much to he in company with him. He asked if he possessed great talent in haranguing his troops; and the answer that he never did harangue them, expressed great surprise, and still greater, when he told him that if an English officer Hay.... £3 7s. 6d. to £4 17s. 6d. | Straw was to attempt haranguing his troops, they would laugh at him.-London Magazine for December. upon On Friday, the first rehearsal of the Italian opera to be produced at the opening of that theatre next Saturday, took place, with a few instruments, or what is called a quarter band. This day a rehearsal with a full band is to take place. Mr Bochsa, the new director of the orchestra, has discharged Mr Harpur, the principal trumpet; Mr Marriotte, the principal trombona, and Mr Jenkinson, the performer on double drums. Mr Harpur has however been re-engaged. Mr Linley, jun., one of the second violincellos, was also discharged: but his father, who is the most eminent performer in England, declined accepting an engagement at the theatre unless his son was reinstated: the consequence was, Mr Linley, jun., has been re-engaged. Some of the violin performers have been also discharged. 5s. Od. to 6s. 6d. 5s. 6d. to 5s. Od. £1. 16s. to £2 0s. PICTURE GALLERY OF THE FEMALE NOBILITY OF GREAT BRITAIN. The Portraits in preparation for the next volume, are those of Her Grace the Ellis; Hon. Mrs Thomas Hope, &c. &c. This work is printed on superfine royal paper, with a handsome new type, and is got up, in all respects, in the first style of modern improvement. Price 38. Published by Geo. B. Whittaker, Ave Maria lane, London; Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh; and to be had of all respectable Booksellers in the Kingdom. DR FOTHERGILL'S TONIC FEMALE PILLS.-These Pills have been in public estimation for a very considerable time, aud are parexcellent remedy in those periodical irregularities which Females, of deliticularly recommended in general Debility of the Constitution, also as a safe cate and languid circulation, more especially the younger part, are liable to; remove Nervous Giddiness, Head-Ache, &c, &c. and as a Family Medicine will they tend to strengthen the Organs of the Stomach, correct bad Digestion, be found generally useful.-Sold in Boxes, 1s. 14d. and 2s. 9d. by Butlers, Savory and Co. 136 New Bond street, and 220 Regent street; and by the prin cipal Medicine Venders throughout the United Kingdom. Of whom may be had Chemists, 4 Cheapside, corner of St Paul's; and 54 Sackville street, Dublin; Both before and after the entry of the French army into Moscow, every term of abuse, every execration, and every malediction of the Russian language-a language peculiarly rich in oaths, curses, and abominable appellations-was heaped upon them and their victorious leader by the natives of Russia. The epithets villains, miscreants, robbers, dogs, infernals, rabble, wretches, barbarians, tyrants, murderers, drunkards, marauders, plunderers, devils, &c. were promiscuously uttered; and the words wickedness, cruelty, oppres-efficacy in Nervous disorders and their various distressing affections, as Oppres sion, inhumanity, profanation, treachery, ungodliness, &c. resounded from every corner. In fact, no avenue to the heart of the Russians was left unassailed, so as to prevent the proclamations and promises of Napoleon Bonaparte from taking effect.-Lyall's Russia. The firm of Sir Walter Sterling and Co. have issued a circular, communicating to their friends the pleasing intelligence that, after due investigation, they have found their assets considerably more than sufficient to defray in full all demands upon them; that, as a proof of it, they will pay one third on = the 23rd of next month, and that, as soon as the rest of the assets have been made available, they will pay the whole. Until which time, which they expect to be short, they will 8 Dr FOTHERGILL'S NERVOUS DROPS, so much celebrated for their Fainting Fits, and Debility or Relaxation of the System. In Bottles, at 4s. 6d. sion of Spirits, Head-Aches, Loss of Appetite, Indigestion, Spasms, Tremors, 11s. and 228. FOR Colds, Coughs, Asthmas, &c.-BUTLER'S PECTORAL the superior efficacy of this Medicine, in all cases of Colds, Coughs, and Asth ELIXIR. Experience during a very long period has incontestibly proved matic Affections. By promoting gentle expectoration, it very shortly relieves the Patient of a slight or recent Cold, and a few doses are generally sufficient to remove those which neglect has rendered more confirmed and obstinate, and which are accompanied with Cough, Spitting of Blood, and other serious symptoms. Its peculiar balsamic powers tend to heal soreness, and allay the irritation of the lungs, in cases of Cough; and in Asthmatic Affections it assists and gives freedom to the Breath.--Sold in Bottles, at Is. 1d. and 28. 9d. by Butlers, Chemists, 4 Cheapside, corner of St Paul's; and 54 Sackville street, Dublin; Savory and Co. 136 New Bond street, and 220 Regent street; and by the prin cipal Medicine Venders throughout the United Kingdom. Of whom may be &c. and for rendering the Voice Clear and Flexible, and protecting its organs Fectoral effects of exertion. In Boxes, 1s. 1d.-Be careful to ask for Butler's had BUTLER'S BALSAMIC LOZENGES, used in recent Coughs, Hoarseness Elixir. 4 PERIODICAL CRITICISM.-In consequence of most of the Paternoster row, Dec. 24. Messrs KNIGHT and LACEY have lately published the following Works: in 1 large vol. half-bound, 11. 4s. The SESSION of PARLIAMENT for MDCCCXXV; 8vo. 158. bds. The MODERN ATHENS; in 1 vol. post 8vo. 9s, bds. ATTIC FRAGMENTS, by the Author of the "Modern Athens;" post Sve. 10s. 6d. The TWENTY-NINTH of MAY, by EPHRAIM HARDCASTLE, Author of "Wine and Walnuts;" new edition, in 2 vols. 12mo. 15s. bds. publications which periodically criticise the productions of literature actually being the property and entirely under the influence of the proprietors of the BURKE'S DICTIONARY of the PEERAGE & BARONETAGE; very works which are criticised, it may be readily supposed that impartiality is not their chief characteristic. In fact it has become an universal complaint among the readers and purchasers of books, that they know not where to look for an unsuspected opinion of the works of the day. The quarterly periodicals confine themselves to original essays, and the monthly ones are unfortunately, for obvious reasons, not to be depended upon; so that the Book Clubs, the Circulating Libraries, and the general purchasers of books, are either left wholly without a guide, or trust to those who are interested in deceiving them. The LONDON MAGAZINE being placed wholly out of the sphere of any interested influence whatever, has determined upon supplying the want of an IMPARTIAL GUIDE TO THE PURCHASERS OF BOOKS, by dedicating the latter part of each number to judgments upon all the books published in the course of the month, worthy of notice; and thus replace certain of the usual portions of a Magazine, such as the Deaths and Marriages, which have no connection with literature, by information and intelligence of the same nature as the rest of the Magazine. The Editors of the London Magazine neither wish nor expect to be taken at their word, but invite the most vigilant comparison of their criticism with that of less independent publications. The new plan will commence with the first No. of the new year, published on the 1st Jan. 1826. THE NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.-The approach of a new year induces the proprietor of this work to say a word or two respecting its future arrangements. In the first place he is happy to state that the writers who have already established themselves as favourites of the public in this popular miscellany, will continue, without a single exception, to contribute to its pages. This alone, it may be assumed, is sufficient to secure a continuance of the very extensive circulation which the work is known so long to have enjoyed; but, in addition to this claim, the New Monthly Magazine will commence the new year with an accession to its force, of new contributors of first-rate ge. nius and information, some of whom have, in other publications, been often greeted with the undivided applause of the town, but who now intend to devote themselves exclusively to this periodical. The contents of the volumes for the present year, whether in articles of permanent and historical value, such as the Essays of Mr Campbell, the Papers on Greece and Guatemala, the Letters from the East, the Sketches of Russia, the Accounts of the Present State of Jurisprudence in Ireland, the Memoir of Earl Bothwell, by Himself, the Original Epistles of Burke, &c. or in the lighter effusions of imagination and wit, have been considered as among the mest original and valuable that ever came within the pages of any periodical publication; in addition to which, the New Monthly Magazine includes the advantages of a Review and an Annual Register, by its account of all interesting. 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