cor.

66

"The sense does not admit of any other pause, than one after the second syllable 'sit' this therefore must be the only pause made in the reading."—Id. Not that I believe North America to have been first peopled so lately as in the twelfth century, the period of Madoc's migration." -Webster cor. Money and commodities will always flow to that country in which they are most wanted, and in which they will command the most profit."-Id. "That it contains no visible marks of certain articles which are of the utmost importance to a just delivery."-Sheridan cor. "And Virtue, from her beauty, we call a fair and favourite maid."-Mack cor. "The definite article may relate to nouns of either number.”—Inf. S. Gram. cor.

LESSON XV.-OF MANY ERRORS.

-Id.

(1.) "Compound words are [, by L. Murray and others, improperly] included among the derivatives."-L. Murray corrected. (2.) "The Apostrophie, placed above the line, thus ', is used to abbreviate or shorten words. But its chief use is, to denote the possessive case of nouns."-Id. (3.) "The Hyphen, made thus, connects the parts of compound words. It is also used when a word is divided."-Id. (4.) "The Acute Accent, made thus', denotes the syllable on which stress is laid, and sometimes also, that the vowel is short: as, Fáncy.' The Grave Accent, made thus `, usually denotes, (when applied to English words,) that the stress is laid where a vowel ends the syllable: as, 'Favour."-Id. (5.) "The stress is laid on long vowels or syllables, and on short ones, indiscriminately. In order to distinguish the long or open vowels from the close or short ones, some writers of dictionaries have placed the grave accent on the former, and the acute on the latter."-Id. (6.) "The Diæresis, thus made ", is placed over one of two contiguous vowels, to show that they are not a diphthong."-Id. (7.) "The Section, made thus §, is sometimes used to mark the subdivisions of a discourse or chapter."-Id. (8.) "The Paragraph, made thus, sometimes denotes the beginning of a new subject, or of a passage not connected with the text preceding. This character is now seldom used [for such a purpose], except in the Old and New Testaments." Or better:"except in the Bible."-Id. (9.) "The Quotation Points, written thus "", mark the beginning and the end of what is quoted or transcribed from some speaker or author, in his own words. In type, they are inverted commas at the beginning, apostrophes at the conclusion."-Id. (10.) "The Brace was formerly used in poetry at the end of a triplet, or where three lines rhymed together in heroic verse; it also serves to connect several terms with one, when the one is common to all, and thus to prevent a repetition of the common term."-Id. (11.) "Several asterisks put together, generally denote the omission of some letters belonging to a word, or of some bold or indelicate expression; but sometimes they imply a defect in the manuscript from which the text is copied." Id. (12.) "The Ellipsis, made thus or thus ****, is used where some letters of a word, or some words of a verse, are omitted."-Id. (13.) The Obelisk, which is made thus +: and the Parallels, which are made thus ; and sometimes the letters of the alphabet; and also the Arabic figures; are used as references to notes in the margin, or at the bottom, of the page." (14.) "The note of interrogation should not be employed, where it is only said that a question has been asked, and where the words are not used as a question; as, 'The Cyprians asked me why I wept.'"-Id. et al. cor. (15.) "The note of interrogation is improper after mere expressions of admiration, or of any other emotion, though they may bear the form of questions."-Iid. (16.) "The parenthesis incloses something which is thrown into the body of a sentence, in an under tone; and which affects neither the sense, nor the construction, of the main text."--Lowth cor. (17.) "Simple members connected by a relative not used restrictively, or by a conjunction that implies comparison, are for the most part divided by the comma."-Id. (18.) "Simple members, or sentences, connected as terms of comparison, are for the most part separated by the comma."L. Murray et al. cor. (19.) "Simple sentences connected by a comparative particle, are for the most part divided by the comma."-Russell cor. (20.) "Simple sentences or clauses connected to form a comparison, should generally be parted by the comma."-Merchant cor. (21.) The simple members of sentences that express contrast or comparison, should generally be divided by the comma."-Joudon cor. (22.) "The simple members of a comparative sentence, when they are long, are separated by a comma."-Cooper cor. (23.) Simple sentences connected to form a compar ison, or phrases placed in opposition, or contrast, are usually separated by the comma."-Hiley and Bullions cor. (24.) On whichever word we lay the emphasis,-whether on the first, the second, the third, or the fourth,-every change of it strikes out a different sense."-L. Murray cor. (25.) "To say to those who do not understand sea phrases, We tacked to the larboard, and stood off to sea,' would give them little or no information."-Murray and Hiley cor. (26.) “Of those dissyllables which are sometimes nouns and sometimes verbs, it may be observed, that the verb is commonly accented on the latter syllable, and the noun on the former."-L. Murray cor. (27.) "And this gives to our language an advantage over most others, in the poetical or rhetorical style."-Id. et al. cor. (28.) "And this gives to the English language an advantage over most others, in the poetical and the rhetorical style."-Lowth cor. (29.) The second and the third scholar may read the same sentence; or as many may repeat the text, as are necessary to teach it perfectly to the whole class."—Osborn cor.

(30.) "Bliss is the same, in subject, or in king,

In who obtain defence, or who defend."-Pope's Essay on Man, IV, 58.

LESSON XVI-OF MANY ERRORS.

"The Japanese, the Tonquinese, and the Coreans, speak languages differing from one an other, and from that of the inhabitants of China; while all use the same written characters, and, by

46

means of them, correspond intelligibly with one an other in writing, though ignorant of the language spoken by their correspondents: a plain proof, that the Chinese characters are like hieroglyphics, and essentially independent of language."-Jamieson cor.; also Dr. Blair. "The curved line, in stead of remaining round, is changed to a square one, for the reason before mentioned.”— Knight cor. "Every reader should content himself with the use of those tones only, that he is habituated to in speech; and should give to the words no other emphasis, than what he would give to the same words, in discourse. [Or, perhaps the author meant:—and should give to the emphatic words no other intonation, than what he would give, &c.] Thus, whatever he utters, will be delivered with ease, and will appear natural."-Sheridan cor. A stop, or pause, is a total cessation of sound, during a perceptible, and, in musical or poetical compositions, a measurable space of time."-Id. "Pauses, or rests, in speaking or reading, are total cessations of the voice, during perceptible, and, in many cases, measurable spaces of time."-L. Murray et al. cor. "Those derivative nouns which denote small things of the kind named by their primitives, are called Diminutive Nouns: as, lambkin, hillock, satchel, gosling; from lamb, hill, sack, goose."-Bullions cor. “Why is it, that nonsense so often escapes detection, its character not being perceived either by the writer or by the reader ?"— Campbell cor. "An Interjection is a word used to express sudden emotion. Interjections are so called, because they are generally thrown in between the parts of discourse, and have no reference to the structure of those parts."-M' Culloch cor. "The verb oUGHT has no other inflection than OUGHTEST, and this is nearly obsolete.”—Macintosh cor. "But the arrangement, government, and agreement of words, and also their dependence upon others, are referred to our reason."-Osborn cor. "ME is a personal pronoun, of the first person, singular number, and objective case."-Guy cor. "The noun SELF is usually added to a pronoun; as, herself, himself, &c. The compounds thus formed are called reciprocal pronouns."-Id. "One cannot but think, that our author would have done better, had he begun the first of these three sentences, with saying, It is novelty, that bestows charms on a monster.'"-Dr. Blair cor. "The idea which they present to us, of nature resembling art, of art considered as an original, and nature as a copy, seems not very distinct, or well conceived, nor indeed very material to our author's purpose." -Id.

"This faulty construction of the sentence, evidently arose from haste and carelessness.”— Id. "Adverbs serve to modify terms of action or quality, or to denote time, place, order, degree, or some other circumstance which we have occasion to specify."-Id. "We may naturally expect, that the more any nation is improved by science, and the more perfect its language becomes, the more will that language abound with connective particles."-Id. "Mr. Greenleaf's book is far heffer adapted to the capacity of learners, than any other that has yet appeared, on the subject."Feltus and Onderdonk's false praise Englished. Punctuation is the art of marking, in writing or in print, the several pauses, or rests, which separate sentences, or the parts of sentences; so as to denote their proper quantity or proportion, as it is exhibited in a just and accurate delivery.”— Lowth cor. "A compound sentence must generally be resolved into simple ones, and these be separated by the comma." Or better: "A compound sentence is generally divided, by the comma, into its simple members."—Greenleaf and Fisk cor. "Simple sentences should in general be separated from one an other by the comma, unless a greater point is required; as, 'Youth is passing away, age is approaching, and death is near.'"-S. R. Hall cor. "V has always one uniform sound, which is that of ƒ flattened, as in thieve from thief: thus v bears to ƒ the same relation that b does to p, d to t, hard g to k, or z to 8."-L. Murray and Fisk cor.; also Walker; also Greenleaf. "The author is explaining the difference between sense and imagination, as powers of the human mind."-L. Murray cor. Or, if this was the critic's meaning: The author is endeavouring to explain a very abstract point, the distinction between the powers of sense and those of imagination, as two different faculties of the human mind."—Id. ; also Dr. Blair cor. "HE-from the Anglo-Saxon HE-) is a personal pronoun, of the third person, singular number, masculine gender, and nominative case. Decline HE."-Fowler cor.

CORRECTIONS UNDER THE CRITICAL NOTES.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE I.-OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH.

"The passive voice denotes an action received." Or: "The passive voice denotes the receiving of an action."-Maunder corrected. "Milton, in some of his prose works, has many very finely-turned periods."-Dr. Blair and Alex. Jam. cor. "These will be found to be wholly, or chiefly, of that class."-Dr. Blair cor. "All appearances of an author's affecting of harmony, are disagreeable," -Id. and Jam. cor. "Some nouns have a double increase; that is, they increase by more syllables than one: as iter, itineris."—Adam el al. cor. "The powers of man are enlarged by progressive cultivation."-Gurney cor. "It is always important to begin well; to make a favourable impres sion at the first setting-out."-Dr. Blair cor. "For if one take a wrong method at his first settingout, it will lead him astray in all that follows."—Id. "His mind is full of his subject, and all his words are expressive."―ld. "How exquisitely is all this performed in Greek!”—Harris cor. How unworthy is all this to satisfy the ambition of an immortal soul !"-L. Murray cor. "So as to exhibit the object in its full grandeur, and its most striking point of view."-Dr. Blair cor. "And that the author know how to descend with propriety to the plain style, as well as how to rise to the bold and figured."-Id. "The heart alone can answer to the heart."-Id. "Upon the first perception of it." Or: "As it is first perceived."-Harris cor. "Call for Samson, that he may make sport for us."-Bible cor. "And he made sport before them."-Id. "The term 'to suffer,' in this definition, is used in a technical sense; and means simply, to receive an action, or to be acted upon."-Bullions cor. "The text only is what is meant to be taught in schools."

Brightland cor. "The perfect participle denotes action or existence perfected or finished.”Kirkham cor. "From the intricacy and confusion which are produced when they are blended together."-L. Murray cor. "This very circumstance, that the word is employed antithetically, renders it important in the sentence."-Kirkham cor. "It [the pronoun that,] is applied both to persons and to things."-L. Murray cor. Concerning us, as being everywhere traduced."-Barclay cor. "Every thing else was buried in a profound silence."-Steele cor. "They raise fuller conviction, than any reasonings produce."-Dr. Blair cor. "It appears to me nothing but a fanciful refinement." Or: "It appears to me nothing more than a fanciful refinement."-Id. "The reg ular and thorough resolution of a complete passage."-Churchill cor. "The infinitive is distinguished by the word To, which immediately precedes it."-Maunder cor. "It will not be a gain of much ground, to urge that the basket, or vase, is understood to be the capital."-Kames cor. "The disgust one has to drink ink in reality, is not to the purpose, where the drinking of it is merely figurative."-Id. "That we run not into the extreme of pruning so very closely."-See L. Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 318. "Being obliged to rest for a little while on the preposition itself." Or: 66 Being obliged to rest a while on the preposition itself." Or: "Being obliged to rest [for] a moment on the preposition alone."-Blair and Jam. cor. "Our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is no abiding."-Bible cor. "There may be attempted a more particular expression of certain objects, by means of imitative sounds."-Blair, Jam., and Mur. "The right disposition of the shade, makes the light and colouring the more apparent."Dr. Blair cor. "I observe that a diffuse style is apt to run into long periods."-Id. "Their poor arguments, which they only picked up in the highways.”—Leslie cor. "Which must be little else than a transcribing of their writings."-Barclay cor. "That single impulse is a forcing-out of almost all the breath." Or: "That single impulse forces out almost all the breath.”—Rush cor. "Picini compares modulation to the turning-off from a road."—Gardiner cor. "So much has been written on and off almost every subject."-Sophist cor. By the reading of books written by the best authors, his mind became highly improved." Or: "By the study of the most instructive books, his mind became highly improved."-L. Mur. cor. "For I never made a rich provision a token of a spiritual ministry."-Barclay cor.

cor.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE II-OF DOUBTFUL REFERENCE.

"However disagreeable the task, we must resolutely perform our duty."-L. Murray cor. "The formation of all English verbs, whether they be regular or irregular, is derived from the Saxon tongue."-Lowth cor. "Time and chance have an influence on all things human, and nothing do they affect more remarkably than language."— Campbell cor. "Time and chance have an influence

on all things human, and on nothing a more remarkable influence than on language.”—Jamicon tor. That Archytases, who was a virtuous man, happened to perish once upon a time, is with him a sufficient ground," &c.—Phil. Mu. cor. "He will be the better qualified to understand the meaning of the numerous words into which they enter as material parts."-L. Murray cor. "We should continually have the goal in view, that it may direct us in the race."—Id. But Addison's figures seem to rise of their own accord from the subject, and constantly to embellish it." Or:-"and they constantly embellish it."-Blair and Jam. cor. "So far as they signify persons, animals, and things that we can see, it is very easy to distinguish nouns."—Colbett cor. Dissyllables ending in y or mute e, or accented on the final syllable, may sometimes be compared like monosyllables."-Frost cor. "If the foregoing objection be admitted, it will not overrule the design."-Rush cor. "These philosophical innovators forget, that objects, like men, are known only by their actions."-Dr. Murray cor. "The connexion between words and ideas, is arbitrary and conventional; it has arisen mainly from the agreement of men among themselves."―Jamieson cor. "The connexion between words and ideas, may in general be considered as arbitrary and conventional, or as arising from the agreement of men among themselves."-Dr. Blair cor. "A man whose inclinations led him to be corrupt, and who had great abilities to manage and multiply and defend his corruptions."-Swift cor. "They have no more control over him, than have any other men."- Wayland cor. "All his old words are true English, and his numbers are exquisite."-Spect. cor. "It has been said, that not Jesuits only can equivocate.”—Mur. in Es and Key, cor. "In Latin, the nominative of the first or second person, is seldom expressed." -Adam and Gould cor. "Some words have the same form in both numbers."-Murray et al. cor. "Some nouns have the same form in both numbers."-Merchant et al. cor. "Others love the same form in both numbers; as, deer, sheep, swine."—Frost cor. "The following list denotes the consonant sounds, of which there are twenty-two." Or: "The following list denotes the twenty-two simple sounds of the consonants."-Mur. et al. cor. "And is the ignorance of these peasants a reason for other persons to remain ignorant; or does it render the subject the less worthy of our inquiry ?"-Harris and Mur. cor. "He is one of the most correct, and perhaps he is the best, of our prose writers."-Lowth cor. "The motions of a vortex end of a whirlwind are perfectly similar." Or: "The motion of a vortex and that of a whirlwind are perfectly similar."-Jamieson cor. "What I have been saying, throws light upon one important verse in the Bible; which verse I should like to hear some one read."-Abbott cor. "When there are any circumstances of time, place, and the like, by which the principal terms of our sentence must be limited or qualified."-Blair, Jam. and Mur. cor. "Interjections are words that express emotion, affection, or passion, and that imply suddenness." Or: "Interjections express emotion, affection, or passion, and imply suddenness."-Bucke cor. "But the genitive expressing the measure of things, is used in the plural number only.”—Adam and Gould cor. "The buildings of the

institution have been enlarged; and an expense has been incurred, which, with the increased price of provisions, renders it necessary to advance the terms of admission."-L. Murray cor. "These sentences are far less difficult than complex ones."-S. S. Greene cor.

cor.

"Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife

They sober lived, nor ever wished to stray."-Gray cor.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE III-OF DEFINITIONS.

(1.) "A definition is a short and lucid description of a thing, or species, according to its nature and properties."-G. BROWN: Rev. David Blair cor. (2.) "Language, in general, signifies the expression of our ideas by certain articulate sounds, or written words, which are used as the signs of those ideas."-Dr. Hugh Blair cor. (3.) "A word is one or more syllables used by common consent as the sign of an idea."-Bullions cor. (4.) "A word is one or more syllables used as the sign of an idea, or of some manner of thought."-Hazen cor. (5.) "Words are articulate sounds, or their written signs, used to convey ideas."—Hiley cor. (6.) A word is one or more syllables used orally or in writing, to represent some idea."—Hart cor. (7.) "A word is one or more syllables used as the sign of an idea."—S. W. Clark cor. (8.) "A word is a letter or a combination of letters, a sound or a combination of sounds, used as the sign of an idea."-Wells cor. (9.) "Words are articulate sounds, or their written signs, by which ideas are communicated."-Wright (10.) "Words are certain articulate sounds, or their written representatives, used by common consent as signs of our ideas."—Bullions, Lowth, Murray, et al. cor. (11.) "Words are sounds or written symbols used as signs of our ideas."-W. Allen cor. (12.) "Orthography literally means correct writing."-Kirkham and Smith cor. [The word orthography stands for different things: as, 1. The art or practice of writing words with their proper letters; 2. That part of grammar which treats of letters, syllables, separate words, and spelling.] (13.) A vowel is a letter which forms a perfect sound when uttered alone."—Inst., p. 16; Hazen, Lennie, and Brace, cor. (14—18.) "Spelling is the art of expressing words by their proper letters."-G. BROWN: Lowth and Churchill cor.; also Murray, Ing. et al.; also Comly; also Bullions; also Kirkham and Sanborn. (19.) “A syllable is one or more letters, pronounced by a single impulse of the voice, and constituting a word, or part of a word."-Lowth, Mur., et al., cor. (20.) A syllable is a letter or a combination of letters, uttered in one complete sound."-Brit. Gram. and Buch cor. (21.) "A syllable is one or more letters representing a distinct sound, or what is uttered by a single impulse of the voice."-Kirkham cor. (22.) "A syllable is so much of a word as is sounded at once, whether it be the whole or a part."-Bullions cor. (23.) "A syllable is so many letters as are sounded at once; and is either a word, or a part of a word."-Picket cor. (24.) A diphthong is a union of two vowels in one syllable, as in bear and beat.”—Bucke cor. Or: "A diphthong is the meeting of two vowels in one syllable."-Brit. Gram., p. 15; Buchanan's, 3. (25.) “A diphthong consists of two vowels put together in one syllable; as ea in beat, oi in voice"-Guy cor. (26.) "A triphthong consists of three vowels put together in one syllable; as, ear in beauty.”—Il.` (27.) “But a triphthong is the union of three vowels in one syllable.”—Bucke cor. Or: A triphthong is the meeting of three vowels in one syllable."-British Gram., p. 21; Buchanan's, 3. (28.) “What is a noun? A noun is the name of something; as, a man, a boy." -Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor. (29.) An adjective is a word added to a noun or pronoun, to describe the object named or referred to."-Maunder cor. (30.) "An adjective is a word added to a noun or pronoun, to describe or define the object mentioned."-R. C. Smith cor. (31.) adjective is a word which, without assertion or time, serves to describe or define something; as, a good man, every boy." Wilcox cor. (32.) An adjective is a word added to a noun or pronoun, and generally expresses a quality."-Mur. and Lowth cor. (33.) "An adjective expresses the quality, not of the noun or pronoun to which it is applied, but of the person or thing spoken of; and it may generally be known by the sense which it thus makes in connexion with its noun; as, A good man,' 'A genteel woman.'"-Wright cor. (34.) "An adverb is a word used to modify the sense of a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb."— Wilcox cor. (35.) "An adverb is a word added to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb, to modify the sense, or denote some circumstance."--Bullions cor. (36.) "A substantive, or noun, is a name given to some object which the senses can perceive, the understanding comprehend, or the imagination enter-Wright cor. (37-54.) Genders are modifications that distinguish objects in regard to sex."-Brown's Inst., p. 35: Bullions cor.; also Frost; also Perley; also Cooper; also L. Murray et al.; also Allen et al.; also Brit. Gram., with Buchanan; also Fowle; also Burn; also Webster; also Coar; also Hal; also Wright; also Fisher; also W. Allen; also Parker and Fox; also Weld; also Weld again. (55 and 56.) "A case, in grammar, is the state or condition of a noun or pronoun, with respect to some other word in the sentence."-Bullions cor.; also Kirkham, (57.) "Cases are modifications that distinguish the relations of nouns and pronouns to other words."-Brown's Inst., p. 36. (58.) "Government is the power which one word has over an other, to cause it to assume some particular modification.”—Sanborn et al. cor. See Inst., p. 104. (59.) A simple sentence is a sentence which contains only one assertion, command, or question." -Sanborn et al. cor. (60.) “Declension means the putting of a noun or pronoun through the different cases and numbers.”—Kirkham cor. Or better: "The declension of a word is a regular arrangement of its numbers and cases."-See Inst., p. 37. (61.) "Zeugma is a figure in which two or more words refer in common to an other which literally agrees with only one of them."-B. F. Fisk cor. (62.) "An irregular verb is a verb that does not form the preterit and the perfect participle by as

tain.'

66

--

* An

suming d or ed; as, smite, smote, smitten."-Inst., p. 75. (63). "A personal pronoun is a pronoun that shows, by its form, of what person it is."—Inst., p. 46.

cor.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE IV.-OF COMPARISONS.

“Our language abounds more in vowel and diphthong sounds, than most other tongues." Or: "We abound more in vowel and diphthongal sounds, than most nations.”—Dr. Blair cor. "A lino thus accented has a more spirited air, than one which takes the accent on any other syllable."Kames cor. "Homer introduces his deities with no greater ceremony, that [what] he uses towards mortals; and Virgil has still less moderation than he."-Id. "Which the more refined taste of later writers, whose genius was far inferior to theirs, would have taught them to avoid."-Dr. Blair "As a poetical composition, however, the Book of Job is not only equal to any other of the sacred writings, but is superior to them all, except those of Isaiah alone."—Id. "On the whole, Paradise Lost is a poem which abounds with beauties of every kind, and which justly entitles its author to be equalled in fame with any poet."-Id. "Most of the French writers compose in short sentences; though their style, in general, is not concise; commonly less so than that of most English writers, whose sentences are much longer."—Id. "The principles of the Reformation were too deeply fixed in the prince's mind, to be easily eradicated."-Hume cor. "Whether they

do not create jealousy and animosity, more than sufficient to counterbalance the benefit derived from them."-Leo Wolf cor. "The Scotch have preserved the ancient character of their music more entire, than have the inhabitants of any other country."-Gardiner cor. "When the time or quantity of one syllable exceeds that of the rest, that syllable readily receives the accent.”— Rush cor. "What then can be more obviously true, than that it should be made as just as we can make it.”—Dymond cor. “It was not likely that they would criminate themselves more than they could not avoid."-Clarkson cor. "In their understandings they were the most acute people that have ever lived."-Knapp cor. "The patentees have printed it with neat types, and upon better paper than was used formerly."-John Ward cor. "In reality, its relative use is not exactly like that of any other word."-Felch cor. "Thus, in stead of having to purchase two books, the Grammar and the Exercises,-the learner finds both in one, for a price at most not greater than that of the others."-Alb. Argus cor. "They are not improperly regarded as pronouns, though they are less strictly such than the others."-Bullions cor. We have had, as will readily be believed, a much better opportunity of becoming conversant with the case, than the generality of our readers can be supposed to have had."-Brit. Friend cor.

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UNDER CRITICAL NOTE V.-OF FALSITIES.

"The long sound of i is like a very quick union of the sound of a, as heard in bar, and that of e, as heard in be.”—Churchill cor. "The omission of a word necessary to grammatical propriety, is of course an impropriety, and not a true ellipsis."-Priestley cor. "Not every substantive, or nour, is necessarily of the third person."-A. Murray cor. 'A noun is in the third person, when the subject is merely spoken of; and in the second person, when the subject is spoken to; and in the first person, when it names the speaker as such."-Nutting cor. With us, no nouns are literally of the masculine or the feminine gender, except the names of male and female creatures." -Dr. Blair cor. "The apostrophe is a little mark, either denoting the possessive case of nouns, or signifying that something is shortened: as, William's hat;'-'the learn'd,' for 'the learned.” ”Inf. S. Gram. cor. 'When a word beginning with a vowel is coupled with one beginning with a consonant, the indefinite article must not be repeated, if the two words be adjectives belonging to one and the same noun; thus, 'Sir Matthew Hale was a noble and impartial judge;'-' Pope was an elegant and nervous writer.'"-Maunder cor.* "W and y are consonants, when they precede a vowel heard in the same syllable: in every other situation, they are vowels."-L. Mur. et al. cor. See Inst., p. 16. "The is not varied before adjectives and substantives, let them begin as they will."-Bucke cor. A few English prepositions, and many which we have borrowed from other languages, are often prefixed to words, in such a manner as to coalesce with them, and to become parts of the compounds or derivatives thus formed."-Lowth cor. "H, at the beginning of syllables not accented, is weaker, but not entirely silent; as in historian, widowhood."-Rev. D. Blair cor. “Not every word that will make sense with to before it, is a verb; for to may govern nouns, pronouns, or participles."-Kirkham cor. "Most verbs do, in reality, express actions; but they are not intrinsically the mere names of actions: these must of course be nouns."-Id. "The nominative denotes the actor or subject; and the verb, the action which is performed or received by this actor or subject."-Id. "But if only one creature or thing acts, more than one action may, at the same instant, be done; as, 'The girl not only holds her pen badly, but scowls and distorts her features, while she writes." "-Id. "Nor is each of these verbs of the singular number because it denotes but one action which the girl performs, but because the subject or nominative is of the singu lar number, and the words must agree.”—Id. "And when I say, 'Two men walk,' is it not equally apparent, that walk is plural because it agrees with men ?"—Id. "The subjunctive mood is formed by using the simple verb in a suppositive sense, and without personal inflection.”—Beck cor. "The possessive case of nouns, except in instances of apposition or close connexion, should always be distinguished by the apostrophe."-Frost cor. "At these proceedings of the Commons:' Here of is a sign of the objective case; and Commons' is of that case, being governed by this preposition."-A. Murray cor. "Here let it be observed again, that, strictly speaking, all finite verbs *The article may be repeated in examples like these, without producing impropriety; but then it will alter the construction of the adjectives, and render the expression more formal and emphatic, by suggesting a repetition of the noun.-G. BROWN.