An Elementary Course of Civil Engineering for the Use of Cadets of the United States' Military Academy |
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Page 20
... depend on the intensity of the heat . When the heat has been applied for three or four hours , a small portion of the calcined stone may be tried with an acid , and the degree of the calcination may be judged of by the more or less ...
... depend on the intensity of the heat . When the heat has been applied for three or four hours , a small portion of the calcined stone may be tried with an acid , and the degree of the calcination may be judged of by the more or less ...
Page 21
... depends upon several causes ; as the compactness of the stone ; the size of the fragments submitted to heat ; and the presence of a current of air , or of aqueous vapor . The more compact stones yield their carbonic acid less readily ...
... depends upon several causes ; as the compactness of the stone ; the size of the fragments submitted to heat ; and the presence of a current of air , or of aqueous vapor . The more compact stones yield their carbonic acid less readily ...
Page 24
... depend on the texture of the stone ; the size of the fragments into which it is broken for burning ; and the more or less facility with which it vitrifies . In the memoir of M. Petot , already cited , it is stated as the results of ...
... depend on the texture of the stone ; the size of the fragments into which it is broken for burning ; and the more or less facility with which it vitrifies . In the memoir of M. Petot , already cited , it is stated as the results of ...
Page 33
... depend upon the nature of the materials used ; -their proportion ; -the manner in which the lime has been converted into a paste to re- ceive the sand ; and the mode employed to mix the ingredients . Upon all of these points experiment ...
... depend upon the nature of the materials used ; -their proportion ; -the manner in which the lime has been converted into a paste to re- ceive the sand ; and the mode employed to mix the ingredients . Upon all of these points experiment ...
Page 36
... depend , in some measure , on the manner in which the lime is slaked . M. Vicat states , that the strength of mortar made of a stiff paste of fat lime , slaked in the ordinary way , increases from 0.50 to 2.40 to one of the paste in ...
... depend , in some measure , on the manner in which the lime is slaked . M. Vicat states , that the strength of mortar made of a stiff paste of fat lime , slaked in the ordinary way , increases from 0.50 to 2.40 to one of the paste in ...
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An Elementary Course of Civil Engineering: For the Use of Cadets of the ... D. H. (Dennis Hart) Mahan No preview available - 2012 |
Common terms and phrases
abutments action arch arranged axis bars beton blocks bolts bottom brick bridge bridge-frame broken stone built beams cables calcination canal carbonic acid cast iron centre chains clay connected consists construction counterforts courses cross section curved rib depth diagonal braces diameter dimensions drains durability effect embankment engineer excavation experiments exterior face feet feldspar flanch frame freshets give horizontal hot blast hydraulic cement hydraulic lime hydraulic mortar inches inclined joints kiln laid layer lime-stones lock magnesia masonry material mortar natural ordinary parapet pieces piers piles placed plates platform points of support portion present pressure purpose puzzolana rail receive resistance rest ribs road road-covering roadway roadway-bearers sand secured side slopes slaked slaked lime soffit soil solid span spandrels strain strength structure struts suitable surface suspended termed thick timber tion uprights usually vertical voussoirs wall water-courses water-way weight width wire wooden wrought iron
Popular passages
Page 285 - These means will be amply sufficient to protect the side slopes from injury when they are not exposed to any other causes of deterioration than the wash of the rain, and the action of frost on the ordinary moisture retained by the soil. The side slopes form usually an unbroken surface from the foot to the top. But in deep excavations, and particularly in soils liable to slips, they...
Page 296 - The base of each block should not measure more than five inches, and the top not loss than four inches. The blocks are set by the hand, with great care, as closely in contact at their bases as practicable ; and blocks of a suitable size are selected to give the surface of the pavement a slightly convex shape from the centre outwards. The spaces between the blocks are filled with clippings of stone compactly set with a small hammer.
Page 281 - The gradients should in all cases be reduced as far as practicable, as the extra exertion that a horse must put forth in overcoming heavy gradients is very considerable ; they should, as a general rule, therefore, be kept as low at least as 1 in 33, wherever the ground will admit of it.
Page 335 - If the level of the canal and brook is nearly the same, it will then be necessary to make the culvert in the shape of an inverted syphon, and it is therefore termed a broken-back culvert. If the water of the brook is generally limpid, and its current gentle, it may, in the last case, be received into the canal. The communication of the brook, or feeder, with the canal, should be so arranged that the water may be shut off, or let in at pleasure, in any quantity desired. For this purpose a cut is made...
Page 83 - A long, uniform, cast-iron pillar, with its ends firmly fixed, whether by means of discs or otherwise, has the same power to resist breaking as a pillar of the same diameter, and half the length, with the ends rounded or turned so that the force would pass through the axis.
Page 288 - In side-formings along a natural surface of great inclination, the method of construction just explained will not be sufficiently secure; sustaining-walls must be substituted for the side slopes, both of the excavations and embankments. These walls may be made simply of dry stone, when the stone can be procured in blocks of sufficient size to render this kind of construction of sufficient stability to resist the pressure of the earth. But when the blocks of stone do not offer this security, they...
Page 61 - ... in contact with iron, protects it as fully as zinc alone, and suffers but little loss from the electro-chemical action ; thus presenting a protective energy more permanent and invariable than that of zinc, and giving a nearer approximation to the solution of the problem, " to obtain a mode of electro-chemical protection such, that while the iron shall be preserved the protector shall not be acted on, and whose protection shall be invariable.
Page 326 - In extensive reservoirs, in which a large surface is exposed to the action of the winds, waves might be forced over the top of the dam, and subject it to danger ; in such cases the precaution should be taken of placing a parapet wall towards the outer edge of the top of the dam, and facing the top throughout with flat stones laid in mortar.
Page 8 - Slate. This stone resembles mica slate, being an aggregation of quartz and talc. It is applied to the same purposes as mica slate. 16. Sand-stone. This stone consists of grains of silicious sand, arising from the disintegration of silicious rocks, which are united by some natural cement, generally of an argillaceous or a silicious character. The strength, hardness, and durability of sand-stone vary between very wide limits. Some varieties being little inferior to good granite, as a building stone,...
Page 367 - BO laid as to break joints with the other ; and to prevent the ends of the sills from yielding the usual precaution is taken to place short sills at the joints, either beneath the main sills, or on the same level with them. The boards are laid perpendicular to the axis of the road, experience having shown that this position is as favorable to their wear and tear as any other, and is otherwise the most economical.