the enemy. Though you do not help us we shall put the Gauls to flight. If nature resist, we strive in vain. Ancus was born in the reign of Numa. The son returned to Rome against his father's will. In the consulship of Caius Hostilius the ambassadors of the Gauls came to the senate. The son returned home to his father's joy.

D. a. Romulus ob iram capti Remi regem interfecit. Omnis spes capiendi Romuli amissa est. Romulum Remumque cupido cepit in iis locis, ubi expositi ubique educati erant, urbis condendæ. Principes civitatis tuorum consiliorum reprimendorum causa Roma profugerunt. Consul placandis Dis dat operam. Prætor decemviros agro Samniti metiendo dividendoque creat.

Helvetii legatos ad pacem petendam misere. Utrimque legati ad res repetendas missi.

Omnis sermonis elegantia legendis oratoribus ac poetis augetur. Isti homines in patria funditus delenda occupati et sunt et fuerunt. In voluptate spernenda virtus maxime cernitur.

D. a. Marcus was inflamed with anger at losing his booty. Marcus cherished a hope of losing his pain. Mælius fell under a suspicion of having in the former year aimed at the throne. Mælius fell under a suspicion of aiming at the throne. My father, excited by a hope of seeing his daughters, set out for Rome.

This kind of arms is fitted for covering the body. The king devoted his mind to the appointment of priests.

That man was prepared for the devastation of Italy. My father quitted Rome to see his daughters. The king hired a Roman army to butcher his countrymen.

The Roman kings had strengthened Rome by admitting enemies into the state. The consul had strengthened Rome by the defeat of the Veientes. The soldiers were wearied with pulling down the walls of the city. The soldiers were engaged in building the city. I cannot withdraw my eyes from looking at the boy's countenance.

D. b. a. Urbs condenda est tibi. Improbus civis regi ex civitate pellendus est. Vitanda est pueris improba Siren, Desidia. Rex a te interfectus est. Rex tibi interficiendus est. Servi isti pessimi summis sunt suppliciis afficiendi. Mihi omnia uno tempore sunt agenda. Mihi heri omnia uno tempore erant agenda. Tibi cras omnia uno tempore erunt agenda. Vitia senectutis diligentia compensanda sunt.

D. b. a. Wicked citizens ought to be put to death by the king. A good king should banish wicked citizens. The city was destroyed by the Roman general. The cities must be destroyed by the Roman general. The Roman general ought to destroy all the cities of Gaul. You should renew the war against the Latins. I have now to undertake an important business. Two years ago I had to undertake an important business. Next year I shall have to undertake an important business. In those old times the utmost temperance had to be practised by the citizens. We must make up for the defects of youth by the utmost industry.

D. b. B. Dux urbem Romano exercitui delendam esse dicit. Rex urbem novam tibi condendam esse dicit. Puto omnes bonas artes pueris colendas esse. Cæsar sensit differendum esse in æstatem bellum. Rem tibi nunc tandem omittendam esse censeo. Rem tibi heri omittendam fuisse censeo.

D. b. B. The master said that the slave ought to shut the gate. I think that we ought to destroy Carthage. Cæsar was of opinion that the war ought to be put off till the following year. I believe that we

ought to arrange the matter differently. I believe that we ought to have arranged the matter differently. The messenger said that on the previous day the soldiers had had to do everything at once.

D. b. y. Cæsar unam legionem in Morinos ducendam Fabio dedit. Pueris sententias ediscendas damus. Cæsar pontem in Arari faciendum curavit. Tu secanda marmora locas. Balbus columnam conduxerat faciendam.

D. b. y. I handed over to his relatives the duty of burying the dead Eumenes. Cæsar assigned to the cavalry the task of pulling down the walls of the city. Conon attended to the rebuilding of the walls of the Athenians. Marcus contracted (redimo) to build five ships. The general contracted (loco) for five ships to be built. I contracted with you for the making of a statue. Attend to the finishing of this business.

E. a. Urbs condenda est mihi. Regis est condere urbem. Cupidus sum urbis condendæ. Cupidus sum urbem condendi. Rex dat operam urbi condendæ. Puto urbem mihi condendam esse. Do tibi urbem condendam. Rex paratus est ad urbem condendam. Copi condere urbem. Puto regis esse condere urbem. Rex ibat conditum urbem. Puto urbem conditum iri. Rex fessus est urbe condenda. Rex fessus est urbem condendo. Rex in urbe condenda occupatus est.

E. b. Dormiendum est mihi. Dormire est jucundum. Cupidus sum dormiendi. Herba commoda est dormiendo. Puer paratus est ad dormiendum. Puto dormiendum esse mihi. Cœpi dormire. Volo te dormire. Puto dormire esse jucundum. Puer it dormitum. Fessus sum dormiendo. Ignoscendum inimicis. Ignoscendum est a te inimicis. Boni est viri ignoscere inimicis. Cupidus sum ignoscendi inimicis. Puto ignoscendum esse inimicis. Tento ignoscere inimicis. Puto Christiani esse ignoscere inimicis. Fessus sum ignoscendo inimicis.

E. Translate the following sentences, when possible, both by the Gerund and Imperfect Passive Participle:

:

All those men were gathered together (active) by a hope of plundering. He spent a great part of the day in seeing the city. Cæsar led forth his army from the camp for the purpose of practising the soldiers. A day was fixed for pulling down the wall. Numa devoted his attention to the appointment of priests. Galba finished the war by storming twenty cities. I said nothing about killing the king. The king was

intent on finishing the temple. The dictator formed plans for defending the city and driving out the Gauls. The king was desirous of leading forth new colonies. The king thought that he ought to lead forth new colonies. The king entrusted to his son the leading out of three new colonies. Ambassadors were sent to beg for peace. Virtue is best seen in contempt of pleasure.

F. a. Exempla fortunæ variantis sunt innumera. Oppidani carbones ardentes in opera provolverunt. Gallis sunt ornatæ domus. Cæcilius, lectissimus atque ornatissimus adolescens, a latronibus interfectus est. Vulgatior fama est ludibrio fratris Remum novos transiluisse muros. Nec te, juvenis memorande, silebo. Viro minime contemnendo filiam despondi.

F. a. Marcus delivered a most glowing speech. The general put Galba to death for the most flagrant vices. All the Nervii hastened to the spot in the closest array. You celebrated the general's victory in most choice and elegant verses. The door affords an open view through it. I heard two not contemptible speeches. I see a monster dread and marvellous to tell.

F. b. Triste responsum petentibus redditum est. Illi homines haud doctis dictis sed male dictis certabant. Legatum peto ex testamento. Promisso me ludis inani. Regi portentum terribile visum est.

F. b. My deed was approved by you. The legate came from Delphi to Rome, and read out the answer from writing. A good man always keeps his promises.

Aurelia nubere Catilinæ Servilius consul, moenibus Crescit indulgens sibi dirus

S. Pater filio metuens domum revertit. dubitabat timens privignum adulta ætate. patriæ metuens, ad urbem iter intendit. hydrops. Risum cupientes tenere sæpe nequimus.

S. Dionysius the tyrant, for fear of the barber's razor, used to singe his own hair with a hot coal. The father, though desiring to see his son, was unwilling to quit Rome.

T. Romani palatos in agris Antemnates oppressit. Ancus secutus morem regum priorum multitudinem omnem Romam traduxit. male feriatos Troas fefellit.

Ille

c. Augur, rem in augurio expertus, profecto futuram esse dixit. Tarquinius, per omnia expertus, postremo tutor liberis regis testamento institutus est. Fugientes Gallos Macedones adepti ceciderunt. Senectutem omnes accusant adeptam. Tot freta, tot terras emensi cernimus urbem. Majorem partem itineris emensum cernimus.

EXERCISE XXIII.

INDICATIVE AND IMPERATIVE MOODS.

E. a. a. Quintum fratrem quotidie expectamus. Oh Dii immortales ! Ubinam gentium sumus? quam rempublicam habemus? in qua urbe vivimus? Oh tempora! oh mores! Senatus hæc intelligit, consul videt, hic tam vivit.

Jam duas horas scribo (Steps XXII. note 2). Marcus Lilybæi multos jam annos habitat. Annum jam audio Cratippum.

E. a. a. What are you doing, comrades? We are ploughing the field. I am daily expecting my brother's return. We have been expecting you the whole summer. The boy has been walking now three hours. I have long been desiring to visit Alexandria.

E. a. B. Druides rebus divinis intersunt, sacrificia publica ac privata procurant, religiones interpretantur. Deus mundum conservat. Honos alit artes. Crescit indulgens sibi dirus hydrops.

E. a. B. The Gauls use Greek letters. The Druids fix rewards and penalties: the guilty they forbid the sacrifices. Men build houses with the view (ad) of avoiding cold and heat (pl.).

E. b. a. Balbe, quid vides? Video tres pueros. Citato cursu currunt; appropinquant horto, ascendunt murum, in hortum insiliunt.

E. b. a. What do you hear? I hear a great noise. The earth shakes (XI. S.).

E. b. B. His rebus cognitis Labienus exploratores præmittit. Tum Anci filii duo regi insidias parant. Verres regem ad cœnam vocavit : exornat ample magnificeque triclinium; exponit plurima ac pulcherrima vasa argentea; omnibus convivium rebus instruit ac parat.

E. b. B. Tanaquil amid the tumult orders the palace to be shut. Next day the king himself invites the Prætor to supper: he displays all his treasures, much silver, not a few cups also of (ex) gold.

F. a. Ea hora Romam tendebam. Scribebam quum servus domum intravit.

Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos;
Accurrit quidam notus mihi nomine tantum.

Quum puer domum intravit, jam tres horas scribebam (Steps XXII. note 2, 7). Jamdudum flebam.

F. a. At the same hour I was entering Rome. I was reading your letter, when an epistle was brought me from Lepta. While these things

were being done in Apulia, the Samnites took the city of Veii. The boy had at that time been walking three hours.

F. b. Syracusis vivebat iste bonus Imperator hibernis mensibus: diei brevitas conviviis, noctis longitudo flagitiis conterebatur. Noctes vigilabat ad ipsum mane, diem totum stertebat. Hannibal modo citato agmine e conspectu abibat, modo repente in aliquo flexu viæ occultus subsistebat. Barbari nostros intra munitiones ingredi prohibebant. Vir virum amplexus detrahebat equo.

F. b. The prætor, as was the custom with kings of Bithynia, used to be carried on a litter. He wore one wreath on his head, another on his neck, and he kept applying a fine handkerchief to his nose. Archytas used to say that bodily (gen.) pleasure was a deadly plague. The masters tried to prevent the slaves from quitting the city at night.

G. Cras Romam proficiscar. Mox exsules redibunt.

Hic domus Æneæ cunctis dominabitur oris,

Et nati natorum, et qui nascentur ab illis.

G. To-morrow the battle will be fought. In a few years the republic will perish. The boys will soon quit Rome.

H. a. Is mos usque ad hoc tempus permansit. Venit summa dies. Hæc ad te in præsenti scripsi.

H. a. A handsomer girl I have never seen.

I have now finished the whole work. What I have written I have written.

H. b. Illo anno duæ res memorabiles acciderunt. Nostri in hostes impetum fecerunt atque eos in fugam compulerunt. Cæsar consilium mutavit; videbat enim nihil tam exiguis copiis confici posse.

H. b. I came, I saw, I conquered. Regulus returned to Carthage; nor (all the time) was he ignorant that he was returning to exquisite tortures.

K. Dixerat hoc ille, quum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Lælium. Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, et Lælium advenientem salutavit, et eos, qui una venerant, Sp. Mælium, quem in primis diligebat, et C. Fannium, et L. Scævolam, doctos adolescentes. Ante initium anni agricolæ frumentum comportaverant.

K. When I saw him, he had already changed his plan. Then at length Liscus declared what he had before concealed. On the eleventh day after I had left you, I saw Cæsar.

L. Ante exitum anni magnum opus confecero. Quum tu hæc leges, ego illum fortasse convenero.

L. Before night we shall have ploughed the whole field. By the time (quum) you are reading these (lines), I shall have quitted the city.

K