tionem in triduum decrevit. Eam supplicationem C. Hostilius praetor pro contione edixit, celebrataque a viris 9 feminisque est; omniaque templa per totum triduum aequalem turbam habuere, cum matronae amplissima veste cum liberis, perinde ac si debellatum foret, omni solutae 10 metu deis inmortalibus grates agerent. Statum quoque civitatis ea victoria firmavit, ut iam inde haud secus quam in pace res inter se contrahere vendendo, emendo, mutuum dando argentum creditumque solvendo auderent. II C. Claudius consul cum in castra redisset, caput Hasdrubalis, quod servatum cum cura attulerat, proici ante hostium stationes, captivosque Afros vinctos, ut erant, ostendi, duos etiam ex iis solutos ire ad Hannibalem et 12 expromere, quae acta essent, iussit. Hannibal, tanto simul publico familiarique ictus luctu, agnoscere se fortunam 13 Carthaginis fertur dixisse; castrisque inde motis, ut omnia day of prayer, with a procession to important sanctuaries, where there were offerings of wine and incense; later the period was extended, until at the end of the republic it sometimes continued for forty or fifty days. 9. aequalem: i.e. all were equally crowded. - cum: see on § 3. amplissima veste: in their finest garments; cf. 30, 30, 18; veste is used collectively; cf. 2, 23, 3. 10. haud secus... · pace: Polyb. 11, 3 καθόλου δ ̓ εἰς τοιαύτην εὐελ‐ πιστίαν παρεγένοντο καὶ θάρσος ὥστε πάντας τὸν ̓Αννίβαν, ὃν μάλιστα πρότερον ἐφοβήθησαν, τότε μηδ' ἐν Ἰταλία νομίζειν auxilia quae diffusa latius tueri non poterat in extremum Italiae angulum Bruttios contraheret, et Metapontinos, civitatem universam, excitos sedibus suis, et Lucanorum qui suae dicionis erant in Bruttium agrum traduxit. BOOK XXX Hannibal's Departure from Italy 19. Ad Cn. Servilium consulem, qui in Bruttiis erat, 10 Consentia, Aufugum, Bergae, Besidiae, Ocriculum, Lym-203 phaeum, Argentanum, Clampetia multique alii ignobiles populi, senescere Punicum bellum cernentes, defecere. Idem consul cum Hannibale in agro Crotoniensi acie con- 11 flixit. Obscura eius pugnae fama est. Valerius Antias quinque milia hostium caesa ait; quae tanta res est, ut aut inpudenter ficta sit aut neglegenter praetermissa. Nihil 12 certe ultra rei in Italia ab Hannibale gestum; nam ad already done; 27, 41, 1 in Lucanos ad Grumentum (Hannibal) venit spe recipiendi oppida, quae per metum ad Romanos defecissent. Bruttios: the omission of the prep. (see on 27, 50, 1) is somewhat harsh.- Metapontinos: Metapontum itself was in Lucania, but is distinguished from the other towns as being of Greek origin. Metapontum went over to Hannibal soon after the battle of Cannae, but did not get rid of its Roman garrison till 212, when it became an important base of supplies for Hannibal. The inhabitants were now removed to save them from Roman vengeance. Book XXX. 1910-20. References: App. Hann. 57-61. Ihne, 2, 441-445. Mommsen, 2, 357358. Dodge, Hannibal, 592–595. 19. 10. Consentia Clampetia: excepting the first and the last, the exact location of these towns is unknown. II. Valerius Antias: see Introd. 7; 33, 10, 8 si Valerio qui credat omnium rerum inmodice numerum augenti. neglegenter praetermissa: i.e. if he has not lied, others have carelessly neglected to mention it. 12. certe in any case; i.e. whatever was the loss.. quoque : Hannibal's brother, Mago, who eum quoque legati ab Carthagine vocantes in Africam iis forte diebus, quibus ad Magonem, venerunt. I 20. Frendens gemensque ac vix lacrimis temperans dici2 tur legatorum verba audisse. Postquam edita sunt mandata, "iam non perplexe" inquit, “sed palam revocant, qui vetando supplementum et pecuniam mitti iam pridem 3 retrahebant. Vicit ergo Hannibalem non populus Romanus, totiens caesus fugatusque, sed senatus Carthagi4 niensis obtrectatione atque invidia. Neque hac deformitate reditus mei tam P. Scipio exultabit atque efferet sese quam Hanno, qui domum nostram, quando alia re non potuit, 5 ruina Carthaginis oppressit." Iam hoc ipsum praesagiens animo praeparaverat ante naves. Itaque inutili militum turba praesidi specie in oppida Brutti agri, quae pauca metu magis quam fide continebantur, dimissa, quod roboris 6 in exercitu erat in Africam transvexit, multis Italici generis, 3. obtrectatione atque invidia: ill will and jealousy. App. Hann. 16 tells how his opponents inquired why Hannibal was asking for help when he was winning victories. Nepos, Hann. 1 multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem. 4. P. Scipio: he had fought at Trebia and at Cannae, and in 210, at the age of twenty-seven, had been appointed commander of the Roman forces in Spain. He returned to Rome in 206 and was elected consul for the next year. - efferet sese: see on 30, 30, 23. - Hanno: a leader of the party in Carthage which was opposed to Hannibal. qui in Africam secuturos abnuentes concesserant in Iunonis Laciniae delubrum inviolatum ad eam diem, in templo ipso foede interfectis. Raro quemquam alium patriam exili 7 causa relinquentem tam maestum abisse ferunt quam Hannibalem hostium terra excedentem; respexisse saepe Italiae litora et, deos hominesque accusantem, in se quoque ac suum ipsius caput execratum, quod non cruentum ab Can- 8 nensi victoria militem Romam duxisset: Scipionem ire ad Carthaginem ausum, qui consul hostem Poenum in Italia 6. Iunonis Laciniae delubrum : on the promontory of Lacinium, near Croton. - in templo.. interfectis: possibly inconsistent with 42, 3, 6 templum augustissimum regionis eius, quod non Pyrrhus, non Hannibal violassent; though it is true that Hannibal did not injure the temple itself, and violassent may be used in this sense. Cic. Div. 1, 48, quoting Coelius, tells how Hannibal, warned by Juno, who appeared to him in a dream, gave up his intention of removing a golden column from the temple. Ihne contends that it would not have been in accord with Hannibal's character to massacre these Italians and that the story is a Roman slander. 12. ab satis creditur saluti fuisse urbi 7. in ... execratum: cf. 39, 51, suum ipsius cf. 1, 28, 4.caput: see on 3, 48, 5.- execratum: sc. esse. 9 non vidisset; se centum milibus armatorum ad Trasumennum, ad Cannas caesis circa Casilinum Cumasque et Nolam consenuisse. Haec accusans querensque ex diutina possessione Italiae est detractus. B.C. Meeting of Hannibal and Scipio in Africa I 29. Iam Hadrumetum pervenerat Hannibal, unde, ad 203 reficiendum ex iactatione maritima militem paucis diebus sumptis, excitus pavidis nuntiis omnia circa Carthaginem obtineri armis adferentium, magnis itineribus Zamam con concessive, and is contrasted with centum . . . caesis. 9. centum milibus: so App. Hann. 25; on the other hand, Livy, 23, 11, 9 occidisse supra ducenta milia hostium; but both Appian and Livy are speaking of the total Roman loss through the battle of Cannae, and this would include the loss at the Trebia haec acc. of kindred meaning with both participles. - ex Italiae cf. 22, 44 6 Hannibal Italiam. 29-31. References: Polyb. 15, 5-8. Ihne, 2, 448-453. Mommsen, 2, 358-360. Dodge, Hannibal, 596-612. 29. 1. Hadrumetum: on the African coast about seventy-five miles south of Carthage. In 30, 25, 12 he is said to have landed at Leptis, a short distance south of Hadrumetum, and, unless the present statement is based upon a dif ferent tradition and is, therefore, inconsistent with the former, we must understand that Hannibal marched from Leptis to Hadrumetum, preferring the latter as a resting-place. For he would not have reëmbarked his army, and ad reficiendum. . . sumptis refers to the voyage from Italy. App. Lib. 33 says he landed at Hadrumetum. Livy gives no account of the events of the following months, from the autumn of 203 to the autumn of 202. Polybius leaves Hannibal inactive at Hadrumetum, while Scipio plunders the Carthaginian towns. Appian speaks of alliances with Numidian chieftains, and says that he took some of Masinissa's towns by surrender or force. iactatione cf. 21, 26, 5 refectis ab iactatione maritima. — armis: i.e. by the Romans. ex 2. Zama: probably Zama Regia, southwest of Carthage, about seventy-five miles distant in a straight |