vetuisset nomen suum decreto collegarum adscribi, tristio10 remque omnes sententiam expectarent, ita decrevit: cum L. Scipio excusasset morbum esse causae fratri, satis id sibi videri; se P. Scipionem, priusquam Romam redisset, accusari non passurum; tum quoque, si se appellet, auxilio 11 ei futurum, ne causam dicat; ad id fastigium rebus gestis, honoribus populi Romani P. Scipionem deorum hominumque consensu pervenisse, ut sub rostris reum stare et praebere aures adolescentium conviciis populo Romano magis deforme quam ipsi sit.

I 53. Adiecit decreto indignationem: "Sub pedibus ves2 tris stabit, tribuni, domitor ille Africae Scipio? Ideo quattuor nobilissimos duces Poenorum in Hispania, quattuor exercitus fudit fugavitque? Ideo Syphacem cepit, Hannibalem devicit, Carthaginem vectigalem nobis fecit, 3 Antiochum recipit enim fratrem consortem huius gloriae L. Scipio — ultra iuga Tauri emovit, ut duobus Petilliis succumberet, et vos de P. Africano palmam

fact taken by Masinissa and de-
livered to Scipio. - vectigalem:
not strictly true, as the payment
made by Carthage was a war in-
demnity, not a tax; in 36, 4, 7 it
is called stipendium. Cf. the sim-
ilar exaggeration in 21, 41, 7 Han-
nibal.
vectigalis stipendiarius-
que et servus populi Romani a
patre relictus.

3. Antiochum . . . emovit: in the treaty of 188 Antiochus gave up his possessions west of the Taurus Mountains; see on 38, 51, 2.- duobus Petilliis: to two Petillii; contrasted with those just named. vos: the other tribunes,

peteretis? Nullisne meritis suis, nullis nostris honoribus 4 umquam in arcem tutam et velut sanctam clari viri pervenient, ubi, si non venerabilis, inviolata saltem senectus eorum considat?" Movit et decretum et adiecta oratio non 5 ceteros modo, sed ipsos etiam accusatores, et deliberaturos se, quid iuris sui et offici esset, dixerunt. Senatus deinde, 6 concilio plebis dimisso, haberi est coeptus. Ibi gratiae ingentes ab universo ordine, praecipue a consularibus senioribusque, Ti. Graccho actae sunt, quod rem publicam privatis simultatibus potiorem habuisset, et Petillii vexati 7 sunt probris, quod splendere aliena invidia voluissent et spolia ex Africani triumpho peterent. Silentium deinde 8 de Africano fuit. Vitam Literni egit sine desiderio urbis ; morientem rure eo ipso loco sepeliri se iussisse ferunt monumentumque ibi aedificari, ne funus sibi in ingrata patria fieret. Vir memorabilis, bellicis tamen quam pacis 9 artibus memorabilior. Nobilior prima pars vitae quam

who have supported the charge of the Petillii. —de: cf. 35, 12, 15 praedam de Philippo. - palmam peteretis: i.e. win a victory over Scipio; the same idea in § 7.

4. inviolata: inviolate and inviolable; cf. 2, 1, 4 and see on 24, 34, 9 intacti. Cf. 2, 7, 9 numquamne ergo ulla adeo vobis spectata virtus erit, ut suspicione violari nequeat ?

5. quid . . . esset: what was their right and their duty.

6. concilio . . . dimisso: the meeting was not strictly a concilium plebis, but a contio, the third of the regular sessions. — est coeptus: see on 2, 1, 4. — simulta

tibus: the plural is more common than the singular, perhaps on account of the idea of reciprocity inherent in the word.

7. aliena invidia: so Livy says of C. Terentius Varro, 22, 34, 2, ab Q. Fabi opibus et dictatorio imperio concusso aliena invidia splendentem. — spolia: cf. § 3 palmam.

Africani: objective gen.; a triumph over Africanus; cf. 33, 37, 10 Boiorum triumphi spem collegae reliquit.

8. silentium fuit: i.e. the case was dropped. — morientem: probably in 183. - eo connect with loco. - ferunt: see on 38, 50, 5. 9. memorabilis

memora

postrema fuit, quia in iuventa bella adsidue gesta, cum senecta res quoque defloruere, nec praebita est materia Io ingenio. Quid ad primum consulatum secundus, etiam si censuram adicias? quid Asiatica legatio, et valetudine adversa inutilis et fili casu deformata et post reditum necessitate aut subeundi iudici aut simul cum patria deserendi? II Punici tamen belli perpetrati, quo nullum neque maius neque periculosius Romani gessere, unus praecipuam gloriam tulit.

BOOK XXXIX

Cato the Censor

I 40. His comitiis prudentia et virtute senatus sublatis, 184 alia maioris certaminis, quo et maiore de re et inter plures 2 potentioresque viros, sunt exorta. Censuram summa con

B.C.

res..

bilior: see on 27, 51, 5.
iuventa :
a poetical word found first in prose
in Livy; scnecta also was a poeti-
cal word in the earlier period, but
is not uncommon in Livy. - gesta:
sc. sunt; see on 1, 3, 3.
ingenio: i.e. his former glory faded,
and no opportunity was offered for
winning new glory. The Battle
of Zama was succeeded by a period
of peace, and the wars which fol-
lowed were insignificant in com-
parison with those with Carthage.

10. quid. . . secundus: what was his second consulship in comparison with the first?. censuram he was censor in 199.Asiatica legatio: not his embassy to Antiochus in 193, but his position as legatus under his brother

tentione petebant L. Valerius Flaccus, P. et L. Scipiones, Cn. Manlius Vulso, L. Furius Purpurio, patricii, plebeii au- 3 tem M. Porcius Cato, M. Fulvius Nobilior, Ti. et M. Sempronii, Longus et Tuditanus. Sed omnes patricios plebeiosque nobilissimarum familiarum M. Porcius longe anteibat. In hoc viro tanta vis animi ingenique fuit, ut, 4 quocumque loco natus esset, fortunam sibi ipse facturus fuisse videretur. Nulla ars neque privatae neque publicae rei gerendae ei defuit; urbanas rusticasque res pariter

country. He served in the Second Punic War, and after his return to Rome went through the regular series of public offices, holding the consulship in 195. During that year and the next he exhibited his great military genius in a successful campaign in Spain, for which he was awarded a triumph. In 191 he served with distinction against Antiochus. He was censor in 184. His last public service was an embassy in 150 to Carthage, to settle a dispute between Carthage and Masinissa. He died in 149.

5 callebat. Ad summos honores alios scientia iuris, alios eloquentia, alios gloria militaris provexit; huic versatile ingenium sic pariter ad omnia fuit, ut natum ad id unum 6 diceres, quodcumque ageret; in bello manu fortissimus multisque insignibus clarus pugnis, idem, postquam ad magnos honores pervenit, summus imperator; idem in pace, si ius consuleres, peritissimus, si causa oranda esset, 7 eloquentissimus; nec is tantum cuius lingua vivo eo viguerit, monumentum eloquentiae nullum exstet; vivit immo vigetque eloquentia eius sacrata scriptis omnis generis.

5. versatile: Plin. 7, 25, 100 Cato tris summas in homine res praestitisse existimatur, ut esset optimus orator, optimus imperator, optimus senator. versatile, which is not used elsewhere in this sense, is pred. adj.; his genius was so equally versatile in all directions.

pariter: separated from its adj. (see on 38, 51, 14 prope), but thus brought nearer to ad omnia. — ad omnia: depending upon versatile, a common use of ad (=in respect to) with adjectives; so ad id unum. - natum: sc. eum; cf. 9, 10, 10 gesturos.· ageret: not a part of the ind. disc., but protasis of diceres.

idem fuit peritissimus. For this use of consulere see on 2, 28, 2. causa oranda: an archaic expression, replaced by causam agere.

7. nec is tantum: and not of that sort only; for this meaning of is cf. 26, 13, 4. — vivo... viguerit: for the alliteration see on Praef. 12. For the abl. abs. following cuius and referring to the same person, see on I, 28, 10. viguerit exstet: adversative asyndeton. Cic. Brut. 63 Catonis autem orationes non minus multae fere sunt quam Attici Lysiae (to whom 230 were ascribed as genuine); ibid. 65 orationes amplius centum quinquaginta quas quidem adhuc invenerim et legerim. There are extant fragments of eighty. — immo: see on 21, 40, 9. sacrata : immortalized; 39, 37, 16 quae iure iurando, quae monumentis litterarum in lapide insculptis in aeternam memoriam sancta atque sacrata sunt; Hor. Od. 1, 26, 11