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those, who pursue an opposite course, are the distinguishing features of the venal presses of Europe; and the symptoms, by which those of our own country may be known. The distance, at which we are placed from the immediate range of the power of France, opens to her missionaries here á wide field for invention and exaggeration. What is by them wickedly fabricated, is innocently believed, and propagated by the multitude of well meaning persons, whose antipathies against England blind them both to the atrocious character, and to the hostile designs of our real and most formidable enemy."*

With respect to the burdens of the people in France; also with respect to the most perfect organization of the military despotism there, this author gives a most striking view. Their revenue in one year was 402 millions of dollars. But this was something extraordinary. The annual amount of their public burdens, at a moderate calculation, exclusive of a 20 per cent cost of collection, is 240 millions of dollars. The annual expense of the Imperial household is five millions, six hundred thousand dollars. The collectors of the revenue form a complete machine of despotism. Every village and commune has a taxgatherer. He pays to a particular receiver of a district. The latter pays to a general receiver of a department. Thence it Thence it goes into the treasury. But besides these, there are inspectors, verificators, controllers, directors, sub-directors, inspectors, sub-inspectors, clerks, visitors, receivers, excisemen, and a variety of others, all appointed by the emperor, all perfect tools of his ambition, and who serve as a host of spies and of petty tyrants, to devour, to watch, and to manage the people; who are deceived and blinded by duplicity and perfidy. If a man refuse to pay all, that is demanded of him, a file of soldiers, are immediately quartered upon him, till his tyrants åre satisfied.

The post-office establishment is of the same complexion. Every communication is examined; and noth*Page 234.

ing passes, but what accords with the views of the emperor. In Paris only, thirty clerks are constantly employed in opening and copying letters in the post-offices.

The feudal vassalage (says the writer) never exerted an influence half so pernicious," as the present influence of the French despotism. The anarchy of the revolution relaxed the springs of industry, and destroyed the influence, and banished the consolations of relig ion. And the present government have neither strength. ened the one, nor restored the other." The writer ascertains the violent enmity of the emperor against commerce in general, as inconsistent with that universal military despotism which he designs. Yet Bonaparte studiously dissembles this enmity. "The assurances of his unremitting solicitude (for commerce) are loud and solemn, just in the degree, that they are insincere and unproductive." At times his enmity bursts forth. "He told a deputation of merchants from Hamburgh, that he detested commerce and all its concerns." And on various occasions he has expressed the same sentiment. And all his regulations tend to annihilate commerce. Such is the genius and state of the Power, which has risen in the world!

The writer set himself to find the feelings and views of the French government with respect to our United States. He for ten months was much in the company, and had the confidence of persons, "whose contiguity to the throne, and whose political stations and connexions opened to them the sources of correct information." Many of the facts and reasons, on which their opinions were founded, were confidential, and may not be exposed. But general information is given by this writer, that the French are not wanting in the keenest hostility to America. On their official communicatious, dependence is not to be placed.

The writer ascertains, that ever since the revolu, tion in France,their views have been hostile to this country. And that nothing since has occurred to allay their enmity and contempt; but that these passions are much augmented. We are identified with the British. Our refusing hitherto to unite with France against England;

also our liberties and popular institutions; these are unpardonable offences with the emperor. The general, language of all in France, in office, and out, is hatred and contempt of America:-"That we are a nation of fraudulent shopkeepers; British in prejudices and predilections; and equally objects of aversion to the emperor; who had taken a fixed determination to bring us to reason, in due time." "The British he hates, dreads, and respects. The people of this country he detests, and despises." This latter idea is there universally understood; and that we are finally to feel the whole weight of the emperor's resentment! Every act of humiliation on our part increases the evil. And notwithstanding the tumultuous affairs of France, "we are followed with an acute and malignant eye.-Our Gazettes are diligently searched at the instigation of the emperor himself; and such parts as relate to his character and views, extracted and submitted to his inspection. The invectives, with which many of them abound, are read with the bitterest resentment, and uniformly with denunciations of vengeance." Bonaparte said to several foreign ministers, in 1807, I have sworn the destruction of England, and will accomplish it: And thenceforward I will trample under foot all the principles of neutrality.

These and many more of the same character, are the communications of this traveller, lately from France; and they appear worthy of every degree of confidence. Thus (as this writer expressly informs us) the fatal engine framed in the school of Voltaire, which managed the French revolution, and which planted its emis saries through the civilized world, is "now under the military despotism of Bonaparte, levelled upon an enlarged plan, and with more active industry, against the liberties and morals of every people." And "ce are vigorously assailed with this engine of subjection, -with redouble force and adroitness.

Thus much from the late publication,

I shall here subjoin a royal Spanish Order, of August, 1810. It will throw some light on this subject. The council and re

Thus most evident and extensive is this system of French espionage, and secret mischievous agency, The United States are stocked and poisoned with them! Here they range without fear! Here is their place of rendezvous for this western continent! says the Spanish proclamation, in the note below. "His majesty being assured that those emissaries are assembled in the United States of America!" Americans; if you have

gency of Spain and the Indies, in the name of Ferdinand VII, issued the following order. "Having received information that the universal disturber of Europe, Napolean Bonaparte, is about sending emissaries and spies, from various quarters, to the Spanish transatlantic possessions, and that he has already sent some with the base design of destroying their tranquillity, and introducing sedition and anarchy, since he cannot reach those remote regions with his forces; and his majesty being assured that those emissaries (among whom there are some unnatural Spaniards) are assembled in the United States of America, from whence they endeavor by artifice and deceit to penetrate by land into the Province of Texas, or embark for other Spanish posses. sions; his majesty is resolved, that no Spaniard, under any pretence whatever, shall be permitted to land in any of the ports of said dominions without presenting authentic documents and passports, granted by the legitimate authorities resident in the places from whence they may proceed, in the name of our king and master, Ferdinand the VIIth, proving, in a manner beyond all doubt, the legitimacy of their persons, and the object of their coming: That the Viceroys and other military and civil authorities observe and execute this royal determination with the utmost exactness, and cause it to be observed:-That if, through any of those incidents, which cannot always be avoided, one of the said emissaries or French spies effect his introduction in said country, by sea or land, he be brought immediately and without delay, to trial, sentenced to capital punishment, and executed: And lastly, that they proceed to the seizure and confiscation of the vessel, in which such spy may come, together with the cargo; which last regulation is to be equally observed with regard to the vessels of all nations, for the single act of introducing persons not furnished with the proper licences given by legitimate authorities in the name of Ferdinand the VIIth, even should they be natives of these dominions."

Signed,

Consulate Office, Boston, Aug. 17, 1810. S

Made public.

JUAN STOUGHTON,
Consul of Spain.

any regard to the land of your fathers, and of your nativity, remember this; and improve the hint! Are emissaries assembled here, with a view to subvert the dominions of Spanish America; and yet no designs formed, and no exertions made against the United States? And what are those exertions from the agents. of a system, which depends on the "prevalence of armies of sentiments, where armies of soldiers cannot be introduced?" The intelligent and judicious cannot be at a loss, if they but attend to the subject.

I shall here subjoin some extracts from M. Faber, (not the British Faber, but the German,) as they are found in the "American Review," printed at Philadelphia, No. II, April, 1811; page 259.

M. Faber, at the time of the French revolution, flew from Germany to France, to aid in what he deemed the work of rendering mankind happy. He was cordially received. And being a man of great erudition, he obtained some important posts in the civil administration. He continued there a number of years. But finding the character of the French to be most abandoned, and their wickedness to exceed all bounds, his conscience roared upon him; and he fled from that abandoned Sodom. He took refuge in Russia. There he wrote his "Sketches of the internal State of France." This work is entitled to full confidence. Bonaparte himself was so alarmed at this correct development of French abominations, that he exerted his power, by flatteries and threats, with Alexander, emperor of Russia, to have the work suppressed.

From this very able and interesting production large quotations are given, in the above named American Review. The pictures drawn are most horrible. It is believed, that the enormities exceed all the fruits of human depravity, ever before known on earth. A few samples here exhibited must suffice for multitudes of the same complexion.

The author says; "The most extraordinary phenom enon ever known, a prodigy unexampled in the histoof mankind, is now exhibited in France: I mean, the regular, systematic, elaborate organization of false

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