Relative to the means of the overthrow of the Turks, we are informed, of the infidel Power of the last days, Dan. xi, 40,-"And at the time of the end shall the

most mischievous operations; or clse the time of their existence, after their most mischievous operations, till they shall be destroyed. If the hour, day, month and year apply to the latter, it is natural to suppose it marks the time from the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, A. D. 1453, to the period of their destruction. If the hour, and day, and month, and year be to be added, they make, in prophetic calculation, (allowing 360 days. to a year,) 391 years, and 15 days. These added to A D 1453, in which Constantinople was taken, bring us to A. D. 1844 for the overthrow of the Turks. But if we read the passage as President Langdon explains it, the time of their subversion is still nearer. He supposed the sums are not to be added. According to his sense of the passage, those Turkish sultanies, when loosed, were to make successive incursions into Europe, as of an hour, a day, a month and a year; or each incursion was thus to exceed its predecessor, in length, and in terror. The first should be a short expedition for plunder, like the alarm of a prophetic hour, or a few weeks. In the next, the plundering Turks would proceed further, and pillage and waste for a prophetic day, or a year. Their third attack should be still more terrible, and their depredations continue for a prophetic month, or thirty years. And in their last attack they should take Constantinople, make it the seat of their empire, and continue for a prophetic year. The history of the events (all excepting the last, whose termination is still future) is thought to accord with this representation. The Turks did at first brake into Europe for plunder; and soon retired. This was like the alarm of an hour. Bajazet afterward made a longer incursion, and threatened the speedy conquest of Greece. But an attack of the Tartars at home called him away; and the danger appeared to subside. After an interval of rest to Europe, he commenced a new attack; took Adrianople; and a considerable part of Greece now fell before his victorious arms. Constantinople itself was besieged eight years. A French army, which came to its aid, was defeated. But the Turks were called home by another Tartar invasion under Tamarlane. This Turkish invasion of Europe may be called an alarm of a month, or of thirty years. After a season, the Turkish invasion of Europe was renewed; and Mahomet II. took Constantinople, A. D. 1453, and made it the capital of the Turkish empire in Europe, established upon the ruins of the Greeks. If this capital event may be viewed the commencement of the prophetic year of their continuance, 360 years added to the 1455, give A. D. 1813, for the overthrow of the Turks. If 365 years be, in this case, to be allowed to the

king of the south push at him, and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over. He shall enter also into the glorious land; and many countries shall be overthrown; but these

prophetic year, (according to the true number of days in a year) this brings to A. D. 1818 for their subversion. In favor of the latter time it may be noted, that the 2300 years, in Daniel viii, 14, which should terminate the Mohammedan horn, (if the date of these 2300 years may be viewed as beginning when the emperor of Persia entered into an alliance with the Carthagenians to invade Greece, 482 years before Christ,) end in the year 1818. This alliance with the Carthagenians is said to have been formed 482 years before the commencement of the Christian era. (See Bicheno, p. 72.) The next year the Persian emperor marched as far as Sardis; and the spring following he crossed the Hellespont. This was the opening of the next vast eastern revolution, after the days of Daniel; or the preparing of the way for the empire of the he-goat, from one of whose horns the Mohammedan horn was to rise; which after the noted 2300 years, (if our reading be the correct one) was to be destroyed, and the sanctuary cleansed; (Dan. viii, 14;) or Palestine to be delivered from the enemies of the Jews; and the way prepared for the Jews' restoration. The 2300 years, whose termination shall introduce these events, (if it be proper to date their commencement at the above period, which began the scene of the revolution, from the Persian to the Macedonian monarchy,) end in the year 1818; the year made by the addition of 365 years (for the prophetic year of the continuance of the Turks) to A. D. 1453, the taking of Constantinople.

Whether any of these calculations will prove correct, time will soon decide. Should they prove essentially incorrect, it will indicate that the other alternative is the true reckoning; or the hour, day, month and year, for which the Turks were prepared, (Rev. ix, 15) are to be added; making 391 years, and 15 days: And that this period marks the time for their most mischievous operations. In that case, history in fact furnishes events, which appear like a fulfilment of the passage. From the Turks conquest of Kutahi, A. D. 1281, to that of Camaniac, A. D. 1672, were 391 years. At the time of the last above named conquest, 48 towns and villages were delivered up to the Turks: Since which time they have gained little or no territory in Europe. Let whichsoever of these senses fulfil the times for which the Turks were prepared, that empire is soon to be subverted. And its subversion, may be expected to fulfil the sixth vial.

shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon. He shall stretch forth his hands also upon the countries, and the land of Egypt shall not escape. But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt; and the Libyans and Ethiopians shall be at his steps." Upon this passage let it be remarked,

1. The time of this expedition of the Infidel Power into the east, may well be supposed to accord with that of the subversion of the Turks, and of the pouring out of the sixth vial;-being not long after his subversion of many of his neighboring nations, and dividing their land for gain. (Verse 39.) After the fulfilment of the fifth vial, in the judgments of God on Papal nations, by the instrumentality of this rod of iron, (the Antichristian Empire,) we naturally ere long, look for the fulfilment of the sixth vial, in the overthrow of the Turkish government.

2. The king of the south, and king of the north, in the preceding parts of this chapter, meant Egypt and Syria. These are now under the dominion of the Turks. These names then, may possibly mean the Turkish empire. If so, by the king of the south, we should naturally understand, the Turkish dominions in Africa, including not only Egypt, but also the states of Barbary. Some other powers may at this late period, be meant, by the king (or kingdom) of the south, and the king of the north. The king of the south will make some kind of push, (or butt, as in the Hebrew) at the infidel Power: Which will be followed by an attack from the king of the north, and probably a con federacy of other powers; as seems to be indicated, by their coming like a whirlwind, with chariots and horsemen; or infantry and cavalry; and with many ships. A general and most furious attack is made, either by the ancient, or by some modern king of the south, and king of the north, with a view to crush this Power at once.

3. Upon this, the infidel Power goes forth, in process of time; he overflows, and passes over; enters Pal

estine, now subject to the Turks; and many countries are overthrown by him. But the eastern Arabs, under the name of Edom, Moab and Ammon, are excepted from his conquests; which implies, that his conquests in the east will be extensive. What can all this mean, but the subversion of the Ottoman, or Turkish empire?

4. This Power beats his way round into Egypt, where he finds access to whatever treasures may be in their possession, or may have been conveyed thither, by the fleeing Turks. "And the Libyans and Ethiopians shall be at his steps.' All the southern Turkish provinces shall lie prostrate at his feet. From this expedition he retires; and opportunity is afforded for the accomplishment of the events, which will intervene between the sixth and seventh vials.

5. As this last empire is raised up for a rod of iron, to execute the judgments of God upon wicked nations, it appears most probable, that it will be the instru ment of the overthrow of the Turks. Various sacred passages concerning this Power, represent it as subduing the nations; making the earth to tremble; and prospering, (so far as to continue to exist, and to execute judgment) till the indignation is accomplished: For that which is determined shall be done. (Dan. xi, 36.) It is natural to conjecture then, that this Power will be the means of the ruin of the Ottoman government, (that grand supporter of Mohammedan delusion,) as well as the means of the ruin of the Papal: Or that it will be the instrument of the fulfilment of the sixth, as well as of the fifth vial.

As the way had been, for some time, preparing, for the overthrow of the Papal power, before it was effected under the fifth vial; so the way has been preparing, in a series of events, for the ruin of the Turkish empire. Constantinople was eighteen times on fire, in the course of the last century. In these fires upwards of 120,000 buildings were destroyed, and multitudes of the people. In 1750 the plague raged in that city. In the next year, it was almost destroyed by an earthquake. Other principal cities in that empire

have been nearly desolated by earthquakes. In 1752, the city of Adrianople, (the second in opulence and population in the empire) was by an earthquake more than half destroyed. In 1754, Grand Cairo had two thirds of its buildings shaken down by an earthquake, and 40,000 people swallowed up in the earth. In 1755, Fez in Morocco was by an earthquake half destroyed; and 12,000 Arabs were buried in the ruins. But a few years since, those parts of Morocco were almost desolated by the plague. Various other instances of plagues and earthquakes have, at different times of late, ravaged in different sections of that empire. Terrible wars between the Turks and the Russians, in late years, have greatly weakened and impoverished the Turks. And in April, 1810, 8,000 houses were destroyed in Constantinaple by fire, and 80,000 people were driven houseless to the fields. These are some of the preparatory events of Providence, to aid on the terrors of the sixth vial.

It is remarkable that a sect arose in Arabia about the same time, in which Voltaire's scheme of Infidelity was planned, which is as threatening to the_Mohammedan, as the scheme of Voltaire was to the Papal imposture. Abdul Wahab, a native of Aijerene, appeared about the middle of the last century, denying the Mohammedan religion. His followers, called Wahabees, have become numerous and terrible. In 1802, their armed force consisted of from 80, to 90,000. Their expeditions were conducted with the greatest secresy and celerity. They had plundered Tyeef, Mecca, Medina, and Kubula, with terrible slaughter. They had demolished the tomb of Mohammed at Medina; and had destroyed the mosques, after having plundered them of their vast treasures. In short, they had effected a revolution in the government of Arabia. And the Turkish government were forced to purchase their friendship. The founder of this sect received his education under the chief Mohammedan doctors at Bassora, and Bagdat. The Wahabees profess to believe in God: But they deny Jesus Christ, and all revealed religion. Thus the way has been providentially pre