The above display is formed of 285 species and varieties, which are numbered to show of what sorts this display is composed. In an ornamental point of view, the growth of plants in beds or borders of earth is far preferable to growing them in pots, and the genus Erica we think might be so grown, covered for five or six months in the year with a movable glass roof, at less expense, less trouble and risk than usual, and superior beauty. We do not allude to those movable roofs, where, when the sashes are taken off, the rafters, walls, and flues remain to disfigure the scene. To these there can be no objections in kitchen-gardens; but in ornamental scenery the roof should be so completely removed as to leave no traces of its appearThis might easily be done by supporting it on movable iron props, which might fit into fixed sockets, and by having the flues under the paths. For six months of the year they would appear like a clump of hardy shrubs, and if they were planted on a rocky slope, or the surface arranged somewhat according to the native soils and situations of the plants, but not overdone, the illusion would be greater.

ance.

Monthly List of Hardy Heaths which have been in Flower in the open Air in the Tooting Nursery. The Heights of the tall growing Sorts given in Feet.

ART. III. On the present State of Gardening in Poland. By W. P. A. M. KITAIEWSKI, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Warsaw.

Dear Sir,

I HAVE read with much pleasure the first number of your valuable Magazine. At your request, I promised to give you some account of the present state of the art of gardening in my country; and the few following notices are all that I am able to communicate.

The love of gardening has been in all times very remarkable in Poland, and this art has made great progress during the last ten years; but the culture of plants has made more improvement within that period than landscape gardening, or the tasteful laying out of pleasure-grounds. Kitchen-gardening has been brought to such a degree of perfection, and is so generally practised, that the metropolis of the country, as well as the other towns, is provided with the utmost variety of the finest vegetables in every season. As to the culture of fruit trees, there are some private gardeners of the first-rate talents, and especially those of Warsaw and Cracow, whose endeavours are directed exclusively to the forcing of fruit trees, and they know well the culture of the vine; some of them are also very famous for the culture of the pine-apple.

But most money is spent on flower-gardens, and for the culture of rare exotic plants in hot-houses and green-houses. The taste for this part of gardening is very general among the richer classes of society, and the ladies especially are very fond of it. In the culture of useful plants, and the dissemination of that kind of knowledge among the lower classes of society, the Count Wodzicki's patriotic and liberal endeavours are generally acknowledged by his countrymen. His large garden at Neidzwiedz, near Cracow, and the Gardener's Dictionary published by him, bear witness to his merit in this department.

The proprietors of large estates in Poland, are generally very ambitious of possessing parks and beautiful pleasuregrounds. In laying out new residences, much care is employed, and the continual improvements made in this department testify the taste of our nobility. It is well known, that most of them spend a considerable time in their early life, in visiting foreign countries, and especially England, Italy, France, and Germany; where they learn to admire picturesque scenery. The following are residences with gardens and grounds laid out on English principles

:

Pulary, (fig. 76.) the principal seat of the family of Prince Czartoryski, is situated on the Vistula, about 70 English

76

miles distant from Warsaw. This park may be compared, in every respect, to the most beautiful specimens of scenery in England and Germany. It is to the indefatigable endeavours and skilful taste of the Princess Isabella Czartoryska that we are indebted for this establishment. She has also published a useful work on landscape gardening. (Ency. of Gard. $7697.)

Arcadia, a seat of the late Princess Radziwill, is a very remarkable place, about 30 miles from Warsaw.

Villa Nuova (fig. 77.), near Warsaw, the ancient seat of King John III., now belonging to the family of Potocki, and Belvedere, near Warsaw, are also very handsome.