Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam

actually areas associated aswang attributed bangungot become beliefs blood body called causation cause cause illness cause of illness child Christian cites close cold comes concepts condition considered context continue culture dangerous death defined described discussed disease effect emotions evil example exist explain expressed fact fear feelings Filipino force groups hand health and illness human idea important individual instance involves jocano languages living look loss means medicine mentioned mother Muslim mystical natural Note notion objects observed pain particular pasma patient perceived perceptions person Philippines physical popular possible potential practices prevention problems processes professionals provides refer reflect relationships reports result rituals says sense sickness similar social society sometimes sorcery soul spirits stress strong suggest suicide supernatural Tagalog term theories traditional translated understand western widespread winds women