William Steele, Dr. Dorilaus, and Mr. Aske, were counsellors assistants to draw up the charge against the King. John Coke, solicitor, Mr. Dendy, sergeant at arms, Mr. Phelps and Mr. Broughton, elerks to the court.

Jan. 15. The King was brought from Windsor to St. James's.

Jan. 16. The commons altered their stile, and called their ordinances Acts of Parliament, and passed an act for adjourning Hilary term fourteen days.

Jan IS. The commons refused to accept the concurrence of the lords to their acts.

Jan. 20. The King was brought from St. James's to Sir Robert Cotton's house at Westminster, from whence he was carried before the high court of justice in Westminster-hall the same day, and refusing to acknowledge their jurisdiction, he was remanded to Cotton house.

Jan. 22. The King was brought before the court a second time, and objected to their jurisdiction again.

Jan. 23. The King appeared in Westminster-hall the third time, and persisted in denying the jurisdiction of the court; whereupon Bradshaw ordered his contempt to be recorded.

The King's refusal to answer before the high court, was taken, according to the laws of England, as a confession.

A little before his sentence was pronounced, he earnestly desired to be heard before the two houses, saying, he had something of importance to offer them, but his desire was rejected. It was generally believed he intended to propose to the parliament that he would abdicate the crown in favor of his eldest son.

Jan. 27. The King being brought into Westminster-hall the fourth day, Bradshaw made a speech on the occasion; after which the clerk was ordered to read the sentence: wherein, after the several matters laid to the King's charge were enumerated, it concluded, "For all which treasons and crimes, this court doth adjudge, that he the said Charles Stuart, as a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and a public enemy, shall be put to death, by severing his head from his body."

The warrant for the King's execution was signed by fifty-nine of his judges,

viz.

John Bradshaw, Thomas Grey, Oliver Cromwell, Edward Whaley, Michael Live say, John Okey, John Danvers, John Bourchier, Henry Ireton, Thomas Malverer, John Blackstone, John Hutchinson, William Goff, Thomas Pride, Peter Temple, Thomas Harrison, John Huson, Henry

Smith, Peregrine Pelham, Simon Mayne, Thomas Horton, John Jones, John Moor, Hardress Waller, Gilbert Millington, George Fleetwood, John Alured, Robert Lilburn, William Say, Anthony Stapley, Richard Deane, Robert Titchburn, Humphrey Edwards, Daniel Blagrave, Owen Rowe, William Purefoy, Adrian Scroop, James Temple, Augustin Garland, Edmund Ladlow, Henry Martin, Vincent Potter, William Constable, Richard Ingolsby, William Cawley, John Berkstead, Isaac Ewer, John Díxwell, Valentine Wanton, Gregory Norton, Thomas Chaloner, Thomas Wogan, John Venn, Gregory Clement, John Downs, Thomas Wayte, Thomas Scot, John Carew, Miles Corbet.

Jan. 29. The act of ordinance passed for altering the forms of writs, grants, patents, and process in courts of law; and that instead of the stile, title, and teste of the king, should be used these words, Custodes Libertatis Angliæ, Authoritate Parliamenti, &c.

Jan. 30. The King being ordered to be put to death this day, about ten in the morning he walked from St. James's to Whitehall, under a guard, where being allowed some time for his devotions, he was afterwards led by colonel Hacker through the Banqueting-house to the scaffold erected in the open street, where, having made a speech, he submitted to the block, and his head was severed from his body at one blow, about two in the afternoon, in the 49th year of his age, and the 24th of his reign. His body was put into a coffin covered with black velvet, and removed to his lodging-room in Whitehall, being embalmed; it was delivered the 7th of February to four of his servants, and by them that day was removed to Windsor; he was silently interred the 9th of February in a vault about the middle of the choir, over against the seventh stall on the sovereign's side, near Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour, with this inscription on a fillet of lead KING CHARLES, 1648.

HIS MARRIAGE AND ISSUE.

The King was married in the year 1625, to the princess Henrietta Maria, youngest daughter of Henry IV. surnamed the great, king of France, and sister to Louis XIII. and had issue by this princess,

1. Charles, who died the same day he was born.

2. Charles, who succeeded his father by the name of Charles II.

3. James, who succeeded his brother Charles by the name of James II.

4. The princess Mary, married to William of Nassau prince of Orange, by whom she had issue, William of Nassau prince of Orange, afterwards king of England.

5. The princess Elizabeth, who died a prisoner in Carisbrook castle in the isle of Wight, on the eighth of September, 1650, in the fifteenth year of her age.

6. The princess Anne, who died about three years of age, and

7. The princess Henrietta Maria, born at Exeter, the 15th of June, 1644, and married to Philip duke of Anjou, afterwards duke of Orleans; by whom she had issue Anna Maria, married to Victor Amadeus, duke of Savoy, and king of Sardinia.

TAXES IN THIS REIGN.

The taxes in this reign, whether ordinary or extraordinary, raised by subsidies, tonnage and poundage, loans, benevolencies, knighthood, ship-money, monopolies, &c. did not one year with another, amount to one million per annum, though they were nade one pretence for taking up arms against the king.

STATUTES IN THIS REIGN.

1 Car. I. cap. 1. It was enacted, that there should be no meetings, assemblies, or concourse of people on the Lord's day, out of their own parishes, for any sports or pastimes whatever; or any bear baiting, bull baiting, interludes, common plays, or other unlawful exercises and pastimes, used by any pesons within their own parishes, on pain of forfeiting three shillings and four pence, or being set in the stocks. I Car. I. cap. 4. Enacted, that every inn-keeeper, alehouse-keeper, or other victualler, who suffers any person, (not an inhabitant) to sit tippling in his house, shall suffer the same penalty, as if the person was an inhabitant, which is ten shillings inflicted by 1 Jac. I. cap. 9.

Car, I. cap. 1. No carrier or drover shall travel on the Lord's day, on pain of twenty shillings; and no butcher shall kill or sell meat on that day, on pain of six shillings and eight pence.

Cap. 2. Enacted, that whoever went beyond sea, or should send any person over sea, to be educated in a popish seminary, or contribute to the maintenance of any such convent or seminary, shall forfeit all his goodsand lands for life, and be disabled to prosecute any suit, or to receive a

gift or legacy, &c. as one excommunicated.

Cap. 3. Whoever sold ale without a license, except in fairs, should forfeit twenty shillings.

17 Car. I. cap. 2. Enacted, that the parliament then assembled, should not be dissolved, prorogued, or adjourned, but by act of parliament.

Cap. 6. Enacted, that Michaelmas term, which used to begin a week after Michaelmas, should not begin till three weeks after Michaelmas.

Cap. 10. Enacted, that the court of star chamber be dissolved; and declared that neither the King or privy council, had any authority to hear or determine any cause relating to the subject's goods or lands; and that any person committed by warrant of the King or council, may have a Habeas Corpus, and be bailed, if the matter be bailable by law.

Cap. 11. Repealed so much of the act of 1 Eliz. cap 1. as impowered the crown to erect a high commission court; and enacted, that no ecclesiastical court should inflict any penalty, fine, imprisonment, or other corporal punishment, on any subject, for any offence whatever of ecclesiastical cognizance, or administer any oath, whereby churchwardens shall be obliged to present any offence, or whereby any person shall be obliged to confess any offence; and lastly, that the said high commission court shall be dissolved, and no court shall be erected for the future, which shall have the like powers.

Cap. 14. Declared, that the charge imposed on the subject, for providing and furnishing of ships, commonly called shipmoney, and the judgment against John Hampden, esq. charging him with the payment of twenty shillings towards the furnishing a ship, were contrary to the laws of the realm, the right of property, the liberty of the subject, and the petition of right. And that all judgments or proceedings upon pretext or colour of the writs, called ship-writs, should be void.

Cap. 16. Enacted, that the limits and bounds of every forest should extend no farther than they were deemed to extend in the 20th year of James I. and that no place shall be adjudged forest, where no justice, seat, swainmote, or court of attachment have been held, or where no verdurers have been chosen, or regard made within sixty years, from the first year of this reign; and the lord chancellor was empowered to appoint commissioners to ascertain the bounds of forests, and all places without such bounds so ascertain

ed, shall be deemed free to all intents and purposes, as if the same had never been forest, or so reputed.

Cap. 19. Enacted, that there shall be but one weight and measure, and that whoever uses any other, shall forfeit five shillings; and that no clerk of the market of the king's or the prince's house, shall exercise his office beyond the verge of the court; but the mayor, or head officer in corporations, and the deputy of every lord of the franchise, are authorized to exercise the said office in their respective jurisdictions. And no mayor or officer shall take more than their accustomed fees, for sealing weights and measures, on pain of forfeiting five pounds.

17 Car. I. cap. 20. Enacted, that no person should be compelled to take the order of knighthood upon him, or undergo any fine or penalty for not taking that order.

SOVEREIGNS, &C. OF EUROPE DURING THIS

REIGN.

Emperors of Germany.

1619 Ferdinand II.

1637 Ferdinand III.

Kings of France.

1610 Louis XIII.

1643 Louis XIV., the Great.

King of Spain.

1621 Philip IV.

Kings of Hungary.

1625 Ferdinand III. 1647 Ferdinand IV.

King of Sweden.

1611 Gustavus Adolphus II. 1632 Christina (Queen.)

Kings of Denmark.

1588 Christian IV. 1648 Frederick III.

Kings of Poland.

1587 Sigismund III. 1632 Uladislaus VII. 1648 John Casimir.

"Emperors of Russia.

1613 Michael Theodorowitz. 1645 Alexis.

Emperors of the Turks.

1623 Amurath IV. 1040 Ibrahim.

VOL. I.

Kings of Portugal.

1580 Anthony. 1640 John IV.

Princes of Orange, Stadtholders. 1625 Ferdinand Henry. 1647 William II.

Popes.

1623 Urban VIII. 1644 Innocent X.

Chief Governors of Ireland.

1625 Viscount Falkland.

1629 Viscount Ely and Richard earl of Cork.

1633 Thomas lord Wentworth. 1636 Viscount Ely and Christopher Wandesford.

Thomas Viscount Wentworth.

Sir C. Wandesford.

Robert lord Dillon and Sir W.
Parsons.

1641 Robert earl of Leicester.

1643 Sir J. Borlace and Sir H. Tichborne.

1644 John marquis of Ormonde.
1647 P. Sidney and lord Lisle.

A. Annesley, Sir R. King, Sir R.
Meredith, Colonel Moor, and
Colonel Jones.

1648 James marquis of Ormonde.

Archbishops of Canterbury.

1611 George Abbot. 1633 William Laud.

The see vacant sixteen

years.

Archbishops of York.

1606 Tobias Matthews. 1628 George Monteign. Samuel Harsnet. 1631 Richard Neale. 1641 John Williams.

Vacant ten years.

Lord Chancellors.

1625 Sir Thomas Coventry, keeper. 1639 Sir John Finch.

1640 Sir Edward Littleton, keeper. 1645 Sir Richard Lane.

Edward earl of Manchester, John earl of Rutland, and five others, keepers.

1646 Edward earl of Manchester, and William Lenthal, keepers. 1648 Henry earl of Kent, and three others, keepers.

KK

Secretaries of State.

1625 Edward lord Conway.
Sir Albertus Morton.

1632 Sir John Cooke.
Dudley lord Carlton.
Francis lord Cottington.
Sir Henry Vane.

Sir Francis Windebank. 1641 Sir Edward Nicholas.

Lucius viscount Falkland.
George lord Digby.

Chief Justices of the King's Bench.

1624 Sir Randolph Crane.
1626 Sir Nicholas Hyde.
1631 Sir Thomas Richardson.
1635 Sir John Bramstone.
1643 Sir Robert Heath.

Chief Justices of the Common Pleas.

1613 John Hobart.

1626 Sir Thomas Richardson.
1631 Sir Robert Heath.
1635 Sir John Finch.
1639 Edward Littleton.
1640 Sir John Banks.

Chief Barons of the Exchequer.

1625 Sir Joseph Walter. 1630 Sir H. Davenport.

1643 Sir Robert Lane.

Mayors of London. 1626 Sir Cuthbert Aket. 1627 Sir H. Hammersley. 1628 Sir Richard Deane. 1629 Sir James Campbell. 1630 Sir Robert Ducie. 1631 Sir George Whitmore. 1632 Sir Nicholas Raynton. 1633 Ralph Freeman. 1634 Sir Thomas Mouson. 1635 Sir Robert Packhurst. 1636 Sir C. Clitherowe. 1637 Sir Edward Bromfield. 1638 Sir Richard Fenne. 1639 Sir Maurice Abbot. 1640 Sir Henry Garway. 1641 Sir William Acton. 1642 Sir Richard Gurney. 1643 Sir Isaac Pennington. 1644 Sir John Wollaston. 1645 Sir Thomas Atkyns. 1646 Sir Thomas Adams. 1647 Sir John Gayre. 1648 Sir John Warner.

Sheriffs.

1627 Edward Bromfield, Richard Fenne. 1628 Maurice Abbot, Henry Garway. 1629 Rowland Backhouse, Sir William Acton.

1630 Humphrey Smith, Edmund Wright. 1631 Anthony Abdy, Robert Cambell. 1632 Samuel Cranmer, Henry Pratt. 1633 Hugh Perry, Henry Andrews. 1634 Gilbert Harrison, Richard Gurney.

1635 John Highlord, John Cordel. 1636 Thomas Soame, John Gayre. 1637 William Abell, Jacob Garrard. 1639 Thomas Atkyn, Edward Rudge. 1639 Isaac Pennington, John Wollas

ton.

1640 Thomas Adams, John Warner. 1641 John Towse, Abraham Reynard

son.

1642 George Garret, George Clarke. 1643 John Langham, Thomas Andrews. 1644 John Fowke, James Bunce. 1645 William Gibbs, Richard Cham

bers.

1646 John Kendrick, Thomas Foote. 1647 Thomas Cullam, Simon Edmonds. 1648 Samuel Avery, John Bide.

1649 Thomas Vyner, Richard Browne.

nothing but the title till the year 1660, when the King and the ancient constitution were restored together.

The commons passed an act, declaring it high treason to proclaim the prince, or any other person, king of England, without consent of parliament, and stiled themselves The Common-wealth of England, but were indeed the remains of the long parliament, usually stiled, THE RUMP, and did not amount to one hundred men.

Jan. 30, Duke Hamilton escaped from Windsor castle, but was retaken the next day in Southwark.

Feb. 1. The lord Capel escaped out of the Tower, but was taken three days after at Lambeth.

Feb. 6. The house of peers was voted useless and dangerous, and therefore ought to be abolished.

Feb. 7. Resolved by the commons, that the office of a King in this nation, and to have the power thereof in any single person, is unnecessary, burthensome, and dangerous, and ought to be abolished.

Feb. The prince of Wales being at the Hague, took the title of King; the States-general (the States of Holland) and the ministers of the Hague paid him their compliments of condolence. He caused those of his father's council who attended him, to be sworn of his privy council, with the addition of Mr. Long, his secretary.

The prince was coldly treated in Holland, and was at a loss where to go.

The earls of Limerick, Lauderdale, and the marquis of Montrose, arrived at the Hague.

Feb. 9. The late King was interred at Windsor, but the common-prayer was not suffered to be read at his burial. His funeral expences came but to 2291.5s.

Feb. 10. The high court of justice sat in Westminster-Hall, for the trial of duke Hamilton, earl of Cambridge, the earl of Norwich, lord Goring, lord Capel, and Sir John Owen.

Some cavaliers dispersed a proclamation in London, declaring prince Charles, King, and promising to maintain his title with their lives and fortunes against all traitors, which the parliament ordered to be burnt by the hangman. They also passed an act, that those who had assented to the vote, that the late King's concessions were a ground for the house to proceed to a settlement, should not be re-admitted to sit as members in the house.

A new oath was ordered to be taken in stead of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, called the ENGAGEMENT, whereby the people were obliged to swear, they would be true and faithful to the Commonwealth, without King or house of lords.

Feb. 14. A council of state was erected, consisting of 39 persons.

Feb. 21. The earl of Warwick was turned out of his post of admiral.

The house of commons was reduced to about eighty members.

A new great seal was made: on one side was engraven the arms of England and Ireland, on the other the portraiture of the house of commons, circumscribed, "In the first year of freedom, by God's blessing restored, 1648."

This seal and inscription was the device of Henry Martin.

Whitlock, Keble, and Lisle, were appointed lords commissioners of the great seal.

Mar. 1. A new high court of justice was erected, consisting of sixty members, to try some persons of distinction.

Mar. 6. Sentence of death was pronounced upon duke Hamilton, the earl of Holland, the earl of Norwich, and Sir John Owen.

The parliament was petitioned to pardon those condemned.

Mar. 8. The earl of Norwich and Sir John Owen were reprieved.

Many others were executed in several parts of the kingdom.

Mar. 9. Duke Hamilton, the earl of Holland, and the lord Capel, were beheaded, though they had quarter promised them when they were taken.

Cromwell brought with him his principal prisoners, who were committed to the Tower, from whence Massey and the earl of Middleton made their escape.

March. The house passed an act, excluding the absent members, but they were admitted afterwards on condition of signing an engagement, which many presbyterians adhered to.

They ordered, to support their authority, that there should be 25,000 horse and foot kept up in England, and 12,000 in Ireland, whose pay should be £80,000 per month.

March 17. An act passed for abolishing kingly government, and the house of peers. March 19. The earl of Ormond proclaimed king Charles II. in Ireland.