is probable that, in this official report, there has been some mistake, arising from not defining previously what was to be called poor. In 1829, the actual number supported by the poor-house was 1106 in, and 474 out, in all 1580 persons, or one in 51 of the whole population of the town: and in all Sweden, in 1829, according to a return from the clergymen, 9240 persons were supported in, and 57,688 out of the poor-houses, or one person in every 43% of the whole population; and the poorrate for supporting these 66,928 poor amounted to 1,241,751 dollars, the collections for the poor to 305,566 dollars, together 1,547,317 dollars, or 124,6167. In the little town of Orebro, the number of poor in 1780 was from 70 to 80 persons; now it is 400. In Nora division of Nerika, in 1814, the poor-rate was 170 dollars 4 skillings; and in 1832 it was 21381 dollars. No doubt can be entertained, from these facts, that poverty is increasing in this country*; and not from a rise in the standard of living, by which, as in England, persons who for dress, or clothing, lodging, and way of living, would have been considered well off two or three centuries ago, are considered destitute or suffering severe privation now, but from a fall in the employment and wages of labour, as compared to

During the 20 years of peace, from 1815 to 1835, the population of Sweden has increased by 560,373, being at the rate of 28,018 persons yearly. The paupers on the poor roll have increased during the same period from 86,009 to 121,318. Pauperism has increased nearly 50 per cent., and population less than 20 per cent., in 20 years of peace.

the price of food, connected perhaps with the depreciation of the currency. In the above statement of the poor funds, and numbers supported by it in the kingdom, 23 dollars appears to be the cost of each person on the poor funds. By a statement of the costs of supporting a labouring man's family, consisting of the man, his wife, and three children, taking all the articles furnished to him in naturalia, at the prices of a medium year, and in the middle of Sweden, it appears that the actual value used by such a family is 146 dollars 32 skillings, or 29 dollars 16 skillings yearly for each person: that is only about six dollars more than is required to subsist each person in pauperism; only six dollars above zero in the standard of living taking pauperism as zero in the scale.

In this city a working tradesman, with a wife and four children, can with difficulty live, according to the accounts received from several in that station, and detailed in statistical works, upon less than 546 dollars banco yearly, or 441. sterling nearly. In London such a tradesman, with a wife and four children, would require to earn thirty shillings per week, or 781. yearly, to be above want ;-but thirty shillings per week may be found in London far more readily than sixteen shillings per week here. It is evident that illness, or bad weather, exposes the workman here to great distress, because he has no expense that he can spare, at the very best season, to meet the worst: there is also the unavoidable evil I have before noticed, that the labouring class here must gain in summer what is to keep

them in food and fuel in winter: they must earn thirty shillings a week, to have sixteen for every week in the year. It will perhaps account for the immorality of Stockholm, that there is this difficulty in supporting a family in the lower or middle ranks.

CHAPTER V.

STEAM VESSEL TO TORNEA.- ISLES AND ROCKS. NAVAL DEFENCE OF SWEDEN. GUN BOATS. RUSSIA TO SWEden. SODREHAMN.- APPEARANCE OF THE COAST.

GEFLE. HEAT. SUNDSVAL.

HUDDIKSVAL. - STROMMING FISHERY.
HERNOSAND.

BISHOP FRANTZEN. UMEA.

REAL STATE OF THESE LITTLE TOWNS COMPARED TO

INNS.

BOOKSELLERS'

THOSE ON THE SCOTCH COAST.
SHOPS.- RAW SALMON. ROADS TO LAPLAND.—

-AASES.
COWS.

COLONISTS IN THE FOREST. DEGERFORS. SINGULAR HABIT OF CATTLE. SALTPETRE.POTASH.-TAR. -NOT TO BUY, THe rule oF LIVING. →→ A RELIGIOUS SECT CALLED LASERE AMONG THE SETTLERS IN THE FOREST. - THEIR HABITS. INCREASE. — PROBABLE BENEFIT. FISHING APPARATUS. — A KIND OF EARTH USED AS MEAL.- BARK BREAD.EDUCATION. GENERALLY INSTRUCTED STATE. PETER LÆSTADIUS.-ACCOUNT OF HIS PARENTS. VIATICUM TO POOR SCHOLARS. -VEGETATION. WEAVING. STATE OF THE PEOPLE. -HUSBANDRY. RETURNS FROM Seed. - CHURCHES. - JOURNEY. IMPORTANT POSITION. VANNES.

STOCKHOLM DEPENDING ON FINLAND.
- REMOVAL OF THE CAPITAL.

PORT OF NECESSARIES.

July.-WALKING along the quay below the palace, at which the sea-going vessels lie, I observed, the other day, a nice-looking steam vessel, called the Norrland. I inquired what northern land she visited, and found she goes up the Gulph of Finland once a fortnight, touching at all the sea ports as far as Umea. Once, in the month of June, she extends her course as far as Tornea, to give the tourists, who doubt the fact, the satisfaction of seeing

the sun above the horizon at midnight. At Tornea, in latitude 66°, this is not exactly to be seen; but from the top of a hill, called Avasaxa, near to Tornea, the incredulous may be satisfied. For the rest of the season, that is until the beginning of November, she goes only as far north as Umea. I do not like travelling upon a plan, following a fixed route, laying down where I shall go, what sights I shall see, where dine, sleep, and so on ;— it is anticipating the traveller's greatest pleasure, his independence and freedom from preconceived end or object. I determined at once to make a trip with this vessel: packed up, and got on board at eight in the morning, on Tuesday the 3d of this month the deck was crowded with passengers, luggage and goods, the quay filled with people taking leave of their friends, and all was bustle and confusion, until we got a little way below the town. The Malare lake may be considered as continuing its course below Stockholm; for where there are no tides, it is difficult to say where an estuary begins or ends. The scenery is that of a lake with numerous wooded islets and points of land, low, but which, seen rising from the calm water behind each other, through the haze of a fine sunny morning, form many beautiful soft views. This character of scenery continues as far as Waxholm, a little town with some batteries and works of a very trifling appearance, considering the importance of the situation; for it is the key to the metropolis on the sea-side. The different passages to the main sea, through the myriads of