have once flipped this guard, we can have no more power over them. Nefcit vox missa, reverti: that which is gone out of thy lips thou shalt perform, faith the Lord, Deut. xxiii. 23. How exceedingly inftrumental the lips are to speaking, the scripture doth abundantly prove, He that will love life, and see good days, let him refrain his tongue from evil, and his lips that they Speak no guile, 1 Pet. iii. 10. Hence is it, that as the words are, fo the lips are often faid to be: therefore we read of flattering, feigned, lying, unclean, flammering lips, &c. Pfal. xii. 2; xvii. 1; xxxi. 18; Isa. vi. 5 ; xxviii. 11. And again, words are elsewhere called, the fruit of the lips; Let us offer the facrifice of praife to God, that is the fruit of the lips, Heb. xiii. 15, Ifa. lvii. 19. And these are the fecond fort of organs that conduce to vocal mufick, namely, those that form the found unto a voice. The third are those that modulate this voice into mufick; and although it here must always be acknowledged, that every one of the parts before-mentioned do also contribute fomething towards modulation; yet the more proper and peculiar inftruments thereof are the cartilaginous parts of the afpera arteria, or the windpipe; and especially those which are termed, the larynx and the glottis. The larynx is the head of the windpipe, which although it be but a very little part, yet doth consist of more variety of compounding parts, than any other whatsoever; as as little as it is, it hath thirteen muscles belonging unto it, most of which are framed only for the modulation of the voice; fome shut the pipe, fome open it, fome dilate, fome contract it; fo that acting severally, or jointly according as there is occafion, they do wonderfully conduce to the variation of the tone. It hath moreover five cartilages, whose substance and consistence is most apt of all other whatsoever, for the dividing of a found; fome of them are moveable, fome immoveable, fome of one form, fome of another, that they may the better contain the air; and alter and break the voice into melody. Befide it hath certain glandules belonging unto it, which by their viscous moisture do so irrigate, and as it were oil the pipe, that it takes off the harfhnefs that otherwife would be found, and adds much sweetness and pleasantness to the mufick. The glottis is reckoned among the cartilages before mentioned, yet because it is the principal inftrument of modulation, we cannot but take most special notice of it. And it therefore bears its name, because what eminency the tongue hath above the reft in reference to our speech, the fame hath this part in reference to our finging; for the air being preffed forth from the lungs, this part rifeth up to meet it, embraceth it, plays with it, and by a certain innate property of its own, without the help of mufcles, alters it, divides it, at its own pleasure, into all that diverfity of amplifications G 3 cations and flourishes, that the art of man can poffibly reach unto. If a man make a pipe in the middle of a green reed, and leave the inward thin film as the tongue of the pipe, and then breathe against it; he shall then find, that tongue to receive the breath, and so to modulate it, that it shall be a lively, though but a short resemblance of what we are now fpeaking of. And indeed whatsoever art can do, muft give way to the works of nature: And that one pipe in man, which hath the wifdom of God for its formation to the intent of mufick, can amplify and divide a found, to as much variety of mufical accents, as David's inftrument that had ten ftrings, Pfal. cxliv. 9. For there is no inftrument howfoever formed, that can surpass the mufick of the voice, which is performed by the feveral organs we have here recited, which may therefore juftly be called, the active daughters of mufick. The paffive daughters of mufick are those which only receive the musick that is by others made; and these are the organs of hearing; which indeed may most properly be called, filiæ carminis, or filiæ cantici, and seem primarily to be intended in this place; for as a learned commentator * rendereth the reafon of it exceeding well; aures ad hoc unum factæ funt, ut voces & carmina audiant, quare ex iis natæ, eorumque filiæ effe videntur. And again, objec * Cornel. à Lap. tum tum delectabile efficit in auribus fenfationem delectabilem, quare ejus quafi parens, & mater effe videtur. All the feveral graces and elegances of mufick, the foft and filky touches, the quick and pleasant relifhes, the nimble tranfitions, and delicate closes, are far more exactly represented in the inftruments of hearing, than the image of the mother is in the daughter; ventrem fequitur partus, the birth is like the belly that bears it, but the mufick that is heard, is even the fame with that which is made: For there is a continuation of the audible species from the maker of them, to the last receiver; without any production of new. And that this may be the better done, there are several parts, both for the apprehending of the variety of founds, as they pafs up and down in the air, and alfo for the commodious conveying of them, that they may make a due impression upon the proper organs of hearing; plainly, there is the outward and the inward ear. The outward ear is fpread abroad like a net, that it may catch and gather into itself that vocalem, or fonantem undam*, as it rolls about the ocean of the air; which that it may the mcre conveniently do, the cartilaginous part of it is divided into two winding chanels, called the helices, or elices, which draw and fuck into themselves the wave before mentioned, and pafs it into the auditory gulph. I know the word G 4 * Avicen. helices helices is moftly wrote with an H, and then it must be derived from ¿λéw cum afpero, which fignifieth involvo, circumago, circumvolvo. And thus primarily the word fignifieth a certain fort of twining ivy, and from thence then muft the metaphor be fetched, and that very appofitely, relating to their form: But I rather incline to those who write it without an H, and then it must be derived from λw cum tenui, which fignifieth, coar&to, cogo, in anguftum redigo, in artum congrego; and thus the word fignifieth primarily, little chanels that are made to draw the water from some great and broad overflowing, fulci aquarii, water furrows or trenches to draw in the stream; and this relates to their ufe. And thus it is an elegant metaphor from waters; for thefe parts do elicere, allure and fuck into their narrower chanels thofe founds that wander more at liberty in the open air ; and then they convey them to the meatus auditorius, which is fufficiently defended by the tragus that is over it, and the antitragus, that is near it, so that no violent noise can offend it, nor any preternatural matter fall into it, to obftruct it. This outward ear is placed upon the os petrofum, on the fide of the head, and at fome distance from the head, and were it not preffed and bound down while it was tender, it would ftand at a farther distance, and confequently more commodiously for hearing; fo that while our mothers and nurses study ornament, they |