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THE

ANDOVER REVIEW:

A RELIGIOUS AND THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY.

VOL. XVI.-JULY, 1891.- No. XCI.

THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH TO MODERN SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT.1

WE have all heard- are still hearing of the traditional conflict between the church and science. What is the cause of this conflict? The fundamental cause, I am convinced, is the radically wrong conception of the nature and the limits of human knowledge; not, indeed, confined to the church, but characteristic of all early ages, and still lingering in our own. We mistake human knowledge for absolute truth, truth in its final and perfect form. Spirit, indeed, is immortal, but the material form which it takes on must grow and develop. So also truth, indeed, is eternal, but the human forms of it which we call knowledges, beliefs, creeds, must ever change to higher and higher forms.

Now science has always recognized this. It is the chief glory of science that she is progressive. So long as the church holds the notion that she possesses absolute truth in its final form, so long the warfare will continue. But observe an apparent anomaly in the history of this war. From every conflict science seems to have come out victorious, and yet from every apparent defeat the church has come out purer and stronger. It is this function of science in relation to the church, namely, that of purifying, ennobling, and strengthening, ennobling by elevating the plane of our religious conceptions, strengthening by making more rational our religious belief, it is this regenerating function of science that I wish to bring briefly before you this evening.

All human progress is a process of expansion of the mental

1 An address delivered at the Presbyterian Church of Berkeley, November 7, 1890.