Statesmanship.

"With grave

Aspect he rose, and in his rising seemed

A pillar of state; deep on his front engraven,
Deliberation sat and public care."-MILTON,

“Ακρόπολις καὶ πύργος ἐὼν κενεόφρονι δήμω,

Κύρν', ὀλίγης τιμῆς ἔμμορεν ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ.”—_THEOGNIS. “ νῦν δ ̓ εἰς ἔλεγκον ἐξών ὀρῶ βροτοῖς

τὴν γλώσσαν ουχετ' άργα, πανθ' ηγουμένην.”EURIPIDES.
χρὴ λέγειν τὰ καίρια

ὄστις φυλάσσει πρᾶγος ἐν πρύμνη πόλεως
οἴακα νωμῶν, βλέφαρα μὴ κοιμῶν ἔπνω..

"Mordear opprobriis falsis mutemque colores?
Falsus honor juvat et mendax infamia terret
Quem nisi mendosum et medicandum ?"-HORACE.

"No might nor greatness in mortality

Can censure 'scape; back-wounding calumny
The whitest virtue strikes. What king so strong

ESCHYLUS.

Cau tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue ?"-SHAKSPEARE.

“ Λαῶ μὴ πίστευε πολύτροπός ἐστιν ὄμιλος.

λαός τοι, καὶ ὕδωρ, καὶ πῦρ ἀκατάσχετα πάντα.”

PSEUDO PHOCYLIDES.

Unless thine be that calm high fortitude
Which can long suffer slander with disdain,
Leaving to Time the Avenger to maintain
Thy motives, purity, and love of good :
Unless thou be of that unplastic mood
Which bends not to the Expedient to gain
The triumph of to-day; unless thy fane
Be Right unless thou lov'st the multitude
Even with a father's love; their fickle breath
Not courting; and not fearing to withstand

Their fury, though thou know'st their hate is death:
Unless Peace be the watchword on thy lip,
Justice the sword and sceptre in thy hand,
Tempt not the dangerous craft of Statesmanship.

“ ὅταν γὰρ ἡδὺς τοῖς λόγοις, φρονῶν κακῶς,
πείθη τὸ πλῆθος, τῇ πόλει κακὸν μέγα
ὅσοι δὲ σὺν νῶ χρηστὰ βουλεύουσ ̓ ἀεὶ,
κἂν μὴ παραυτίκ', αὖθίς εἰσι χρήσιμοι
πόλει. θεᾶσθαι δ ̓ ὧδε χρὴ τὸν προστάτην
ἰδονθ'· ὅμοιον γὰρ τὸ χρῆμα γίγνεται

τῶ τοὺς λόγους λέγοντι καὶ τιμωμένω.”—EURIPIDES,
“ ὅταν λάβη τις τῶν λόγων ἀνὴρ σοφὸς
καλὰς ἀφορμὰς, οὐ μέγ' ἔργον εὖ λέγειν·
συ δ' εὔτροχον μὲν γλῶσσαν ὡς φρονῶν ἔχεις,
ἐν τοῖς λόγοισι δ' οὐκ ἔνεισί σοι φρένες.
θρασὺς δὲ, δυνατὸς καὶ λέγειν οἷός τ ̓ ἀνὴρ,
κακὸς πολίτης γίγνεται, νοῦν οὐκ ἔχων.”

EURIPIDES.

The comparison, sufficiently obvious, of the Statesman to a pillar, a wall, a citadel, has been a favourite one in all ages. In addition to the “ ἀκρόπολις και πυργος”

of THEOGNIS, and MILTON'S " pillar of State" above quoted, HORACE calls him, "Grande decus columenque rerum ;" and TERENCE calls the head of a family, "columen familiæ." So TENNYSON says, the pillar of a people's hope ;” and again,

σε

“A potent voice of Parliament ;

A pillar, steadfast mid the storm.”

In the speech of NICIAS, THUCYDIDES makes him say that men are a city, ἄνδρες γὰρ πόλις, καί οὐ τείχη οὐδὲ νῆες ἀνδρῶν κεναί ;” evidently borrowed from the Priest's speech in the Edipus Tyrannus: “ ὡς οὐδέν ἐστιν οὔτε πύργος οὔτε ναῦς

ἔρημος ἀνδρῶν μὴ ξυνοικούντων ἔσω.”

See also Persa 1. 349, and Plato de Legibus vi. 778, D. passages which, as well as the fragment from Alcæus, (quoted in the mottoes to Sonnet XXIII) may probably have prompted Sir W. JONES's well known lines : "What constitutes a State ?

Not high-rais'd battlement or labour'd mound,
Thick wall or moated gate;

Not cities proud with spires and turrets crown'd;
Not bays and broad-arm'd ports,

Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride,
Not starr'd and spangled courts,
Where low-brow'd baseness wafts perfume to pride.
No:-MEN, high-minded MEN,

With pow'rs as far above dull brutes endued
In forest, brake, or den,

As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude;
Men who their duties know,

But know their rights, and, knowing, dare maintain,
Prevent the long-aim'd blow,

And crush the tyrant while they rend the chain:
These constitute a State." &c.

Individuality.

"Hic murus aheneus esto,

Nil conscire sibi, nullâ pallescere culpâ.”—HORACE.
Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore."--HORACE.

"Virtutem incolumem odimus,
Sublatam ex oculis quærimus invidi.”—HORACE.

"For so it falls out

That what we have we prize not to the worth
While we enjoy it : but being lacked and lost,
Why then we rack the value, then we find
The virtue that possession would not show

While it was ours."-SHAKESPEARE, Much ado about nothing.

He who would stand from out the rank and file
Of men, let him well steel him 'gainst man's scorn
And calumny; take cross and crown of thorn.
As some bold promontory's lonely pile,
Stretching out oceanward for many a mile,
Stands, by the fretful waves spat on and torn,
Is he who in his fellows' van hath borne

The banner of Opinion, without guile.

Hold on, brave heart! Though on the mountain-peak

Thy cell of banishment and solitude,

Earth's storms are under foot, calm Heav'n o'erhead :

Pilgrims unborn thine honour'd grave shall seek :
All hearts, all time, bear record of thy good :
Christ lives; and Socrates was never dead.*

* So Milton in Paradise Regained (Book III) makes Christ address
Satan ;-

"Poor Socrates (who next more memorable ?)
By what he taught and suffer'd for so doing,
For truth's sake suffering death unjust, lives now
Equal in fame to proudest conquerors."

泳

Illustrations to Sonnet xxv.

"For what is glory but the blaze of fame,

The people's praise, if always praise unmix'd ?
And what the people but a herd confused,

A miscellaneous rabble, who extol

Things vulgar, and well weigh'd scarce worth the praise ?

They praise, and they admire they know not what,

And know not whom, but as one leads the other;

And what delight to be by such extoll'd,

To live upon their tongues and be their talk,

Of whom to be dispraised were no small praise,

His lot who dares be singularly good ?"-MILTON.

"Know you not, master, to some kind of men

Their graces serve them but as enemies?

No more do yours; your virtues, gentle master,

Are sanctified and holy traitors to you."-SHAKESPEARE, As you like it.

"At mihi quod vivo detraxerit invida turba

Post obitum duplici fænore reddet honos.

Omnia post obitum fingit majora vetustas,

Majus ab exequiis nomen in ore venit."-PROPERTIUS.

"Pascitiur in vivis livor; post fata quiescit,

Cum suus ex merito quemque tuetur honos."-OVID.

Pioneers.

66

'Every path where mortal feet now tread secure has been beaten out of the hard flint by prophets, and holy men, who went before us with bare and bleeding feet, to smooth the way for our reluctant tread. It is the blood of prophets that softens the Alpine rock. Their bones are scattered in all the high places of mankind. But God lays his burthen on no vulgar man. He never leaves their souls a prey. He paints Elysium on their dungeon wall. In the populous chamber of their heart the light of Faith shines bright and never dies."-THEODORe Parker.

The Pioneers of faith, and work, and thought,
Have fought and fall'n, and laid life freely down
At duty's call, without hope of renown :

As a Forlorn Hope, silent, they have sought

The deadly breach, and with their blood have bought The citadel of the beleaguered town ;

Their's is the glory of the victor's crown:

Let others share the spoil; to them 'tis nought.

Even now they perish round us lo! they freeze To death upon the ice of Arctic seas:

Their graves are in the Tropics, where they drain
The swamp, or in the jungly wilds create
The iron road of Trade: while others gain,
Preaching to savage tribes, the Martyr's fate.