Various military Ad-

-

venturers. Hindús. - Lohanas and Bhatias employed

as Revenue Servants. Disregard of Caste and Religion. —

Dispersion over Countries to the North-west In Sindh

principally located at Karrachi and Shikarpúr. - Costumes

and Manners. —Integrity in Cash Transactions. - Amount of

Population in Sindh - Difficulty of estimating-Impover-

ished Condition of. Character ascribed to Sindhians.

Language. Slavery. Modes of Salutation. Influx of

Foreigners. Smoking universal. - Summary of Character.

-Influencing Circumstances.

CHAPTER V.

Productive Qualities of Sindh

--

-

Clearing Canals.

-

-

Page 61

not estimated by its Possessors.

- Prosperity under Hindú Rule.-Soil of Sindh.-Geology.

Dust and Ventilators to Houses-Irrigation-Methods of.

Canals and Water-courses.

System

of Husbandry.-Tools employed.-Preservation of Grain. -

Seasons for Crops.-Grain Productions. Wheat. -Juwari.

- Other dry Grains.-Oil Plants.- Products of commercial

Importance. Cotton. -Indigo.-Opium. - Sugar-cane. —

Ingenuity of Sindhians.- Arms, Belts,

Shields, &c. - Looms of Sindh. — Lúnghí. - Silk Fabrics.

Fish. Animals of Sindh. Camel. Camel Saddle.

Riding Camel.

Game. Beasts of Prey. - Abundance of Water-fowl and

Alligators, Badgers, and Otters

Eastern Course of River. - Inundation

Causes of.-Na-

tural Phenomena of Indus. Importance and Difficulties of

Navigation. Steam Boats. Present Steamers ill adapted.

-Description required. Native Methods of navigating the

River.- Description of Dúndi. - Zoruck. - Craft too weak

for the Stream.-Jumptis of the Amirs Picturesque Cha-

racter of

Page 114

CHAPTER VIII.

-

-

Length of Voyages by Native Craft. Southerly Winds.

Experimental Steam Trip up the Narrah. - Voyage during

Northerly Winds. Impracticability of Native Method of

Navigation. - Fuel for Steamers. Features of River.

Delta. Tattah and Hyderabad.—Arrul and Narrah Branches.

Appreciation of River by Natives. - Water as a Beverage.

-Seaports.-Karrachi.-Sea-boats.-Ports in Delta, Higher

Indus, and its Tributaries

-

CHAPTER IX.

Interest attached to Ancient History of Sindh.

Expedition. Absence of local Records or Monuments.

Hindú Government. Cause of Mahommedan Invasion.

Invasion. Cruel End of Arab General. Omiade and

Abbaside Dynasties. Súmrahs. Súmahs.

Urghúns.

Tirkhans. Akbar Padúsha conquers Sindh - Annexed per-

manently to Mogul Empire. - Viceroys from Hindostan.

Date of Accession of Kaloras. - General Review. Ancient

Cities.

-

Former Prosperity of Sindh

CHAPTER X.

Kalora and Talpúr Dynasties. — First Settlement of Kaloras in

Sindh. Adam Shah's Sanctity. Kaloras obtain Territory.

-Punished by the Emperor for Contumacy. - Núr Maho-

med obtains Authority.. Nadir Shah invades Sindh, and

mulets Núr Mahomed. Ghúlam Shah and Uttur Khan

-

-

dispute Succession. Ghúlam Shah prevails. First Esta-

blishment of British Factory. — Uttur Khan intrigues — Is

defeated, and submits. Accession of Sirafraz Khan - His

cruelty to Talpúrs.-Revolution.-Ubdul Nubí murders Bijar

Khan Talpúr- and flees to Kilat

-

CHAPTER XI.

Ubdúlla Khan Talpúr raises the Standard of Sovereignty.

Ubdúl Nubi Kalora invades Sindh, assisted by Kilat Chief.

- Kaloras defeated. Ubdúl Nubi supported by Joudpúr

Rajah Again defeated-Proceeds to Affghan Monarch-

Obtains Assistance.- Talpúr Chief seeks Refuge at Omarkót.

Kaloras reinstated. - Chief commits Outrage and is de-

throned. Mir Futteh Allí Khan Talpúr placed on the Musnud.

-Kaloras again make head, assisted by the Affghan King-

Again defeated. - Zemán Shah demands Arrears of Tribute.

-Futteh Allí Khan defends his Pretensions to the Throne of

Sindh. Civil War averted. Talpúr Chief shares the

Title of Char Yar or

-

Country with his three Brothers.

-

Four Friends. - Character of Talpúr Chiefs.

-

- History and

Form of Government of Talpúrs.—Ismael Shah and Persian

Family. Summary of Sindh History, from Mahommedan

to British Conquest

Page 181

CHAPTER XII,

Sindh Durbars.-Description of Hyderabad.-Fort and Town.

-

-

De-

Hospitality.— General Effect of Sindh Durbar.

scription of Amirs. Nasir Khan. Mir Mahomed, or

Sobhdar · Shahdad Khan. - Hussein Allí Khan. - Dissen-

sions and apparent Anomaly of Form of Government.

Real Stability. - Source of Family Discords. Shír Ma-

homed of Mirpúr. — Khyrpúr Durbar. Town and Fort.

Mir Rústum Age and Infirmities of. · Family Discords.

Allí Múrad. Character of his Court.- Interior Economy

of Household of Sindhian Amirs. Females. Education

of Princes.. Love of Arms. Horses. Passion for Sport.

-Scenes at Shikargahs. -Costume of Amirs. Economy

of Time. Religious Observances. - Vanity of Talpúrs.-

List of Amirs of Hyderabad and Khyrpúr.—General Review

of Characters. - Fair Conclusions to be drawn. Wealth of

Chiefs

- 198

CHAPTER XIII.

-

Sindhian Form of Government.- Feudal System and Jahgirs

to Military Tribes. Payment of Troops in the Field. -

Inams and Jahgirs to Pirs, Seyuds, and others. — Land

Revenue System of Sindh. Zamindars. - Jumma or Land

Rent. — Value of Means of Irrigation neglected. - Duties on

Trade. Town Duties. Taxes under various Heads.

Farming Revenue on Contracts. — Kardars and Servants of

Districts. Number and Names of Districts. - Police -

Administration of Justice. Dislike of Amirs to capital

Punishments. Mutilation. Amount of Sindhian Revenue.

Various Estimates. Hoarded Wealth of Amirs.

General Review of Government of Sindh

--

-

-

-

Page 231

Government.

applied to Trade.

and provincial.

Apathy of Chiefs. - Poverty of Sindh as

-

-

- Real State and Prospects of Trade, home

Internal Trade. Commerce with Coun-

tries to the N. W. - Importance of Shikarpúr. - Exports to

Candahar. No other Trade of

Extent. Pali Jey-

sulmir. Tattah Manufactures exported. Commerce how

to be extended. Indus. Steam Navigation. Hindú

System of Trade. · Central Asia not to be abandoned com-

mercially. Effects of Steam Navigation. - Time, Risk, and

Expense saved. Bilúchistan and Kilat. Countries of

Upper Indus how at present supplied. Change to be

effected. General Review. Weights and Measures of

First Connection of British with Sindh. Immunities granted

by Ghúllam Shah Kalora. Connection dissolved. Com-

mercial Mission, 1799. Expulsion of British Agent. — Mr.

Smith's Mission of 1809.

servation assembled in 1825.

-

- Force of Ob-

Treaty of 1820.

Mission to Sindh under Col.

Pottinger, 1832- Satisfactory Result. Commercial Treaty

-

survey
Delta and Sea-coast. - Steamer sent to Hyderabad.

State of Matters with Sindh politically and commercially, up

to 1838

- 283

CHAPTER XVI.

Caubúl Campaign of 1838.- Bombay Army lands in Sindh.-

Promises of Chiefs to provide Supplies and Carriage.

-

Eva-

sion of Promises. - Detention of Troops in consequence.

Reserve Force stationed in Sindh. Conditions imposed on

Amirs of Hyderabad. -Treaty with Khyrpúr.-Termination

of first Caubúl Campaign. - Conciliatory Measures adopted

to Sindh Amirs by British Representatives. Tranquillity of

Sindh. Outbreak of Kilat Rebellion. Alteration in Poli-

tical Control of Sindh. Intrigues in Kyrpúr Family.-

Proposed Transfer of Shikarpúr. - Catastrophe at Caubúl.

-

Peaceable Demeanour of Sindhian Chiefs. General

Napier assumes Command of Troops in Sindh and Bilúchistan.

Page 304

CHAPTER XVII.

-

News how collected from Indian Durbars. Withdrawal of

Troops from Affghanistan.-Consequent Attention to the Af-

fairs of Sindh.-New Treaty proffered to the Amirs. — British

Troops march towards Capitals. Mir Rústum flies to the

Desert.- Major Outram returns to Sindh.- Brings Mir Rús-

tum to General Napier. -Principal Obstacles to Ratification of

Treaty. Extra Demands. - Delay in signing Treaty. -

Signed under peculiar Expectations. British Representa-

tive's Life saved. -Attack on the Agency. - Battle of Miani.

Surrender of Amirs. — Capture of Treasure. - Battle of

Duppa, and Defeat of Shir Mahomed. - Sindh declared a

British Possession. - Amirs arrive as Prisoners at Bombay.

-Allí Murad's Position.

-

-

324

CHAPTER XVIII.

Remarks on the newly created Interest in Sindh.

Character of

Government. - Reason of our first Connection with Sindh.