tance to the Universe, and to the greatness and dignity of the Lawgiver.

The Law of God is the foundation of his Government; and of the happiness, which it confers on his Intelligent creatures: a happiness partly attendant on the obedience, in its very nature, and partly its reward from the Lawgiver. This importance of the Law, therefore, cannot be measured.

The greatness and dignity of the Lawgiver are infinite.

That the guilt of disobedience bears, at least, a general proportion to these things will not be denied. Of course, it must be very great; much greater than we can comprehend. Particularly, it is incalculably greater, than if committed merely against human laws, so inferior in their importance, and their capacity of producing happiness; or against mere human Lawgivers, infinitely inferior in dignity and excellence.

The worth of our services, at the same time, is proportioned to the worth of ourselves, who render them. The Law of God requires the obedience of Archangels, as well as that of Men. The Law is the same; but the difference between the subjects, and the services, in this case is inestimable by us. The services of the Archangel are plainly of very great worth, in a comparative view; those of Man, of very little. The difference evidently arises from the difference of worth in those who render them.

But the lowest created being, as truly as the highest, can sin against any law, and any Ruler. His crimes, therefore, can be very great, while his services must of necessity be very small, in their importance.

Hence it is plain, that, if we could do works of supererogation, or services not required, we still could make no atonement for our sins. Our sins are enormous evils; and our services in a sense nothing.

V. The Law of God threatens punishment to the first transgression; and, also, to every succeeding transgression.

Cursed is every one, that continueth no in all things, written in the book of the Law to do them. He, therefore, who continues in all things, written in the book of the Law, except one, and does them as required, yet for the omission of that one is cursed. The soul that sinneth shall die. The soul that sinneth once; that sin 6

Vou. II.

neth at all; not that sinneth in a long course, and to a given degree, of transgression.

In the day that thou eatest thereof, said God to Adam, thou shalt surely die. Adam ate the forbidden fruit once, and lost his immortality.

Human Laws, also, are always formed in the same manner. The thief, the burglar, the murderer, are all punished by human laws for the first theft, burglary, or murder. This is indeed the very nature of Law. It forbids whatever it forbids, and requires whatever it requires, under a penalty for every transgression. The plea, that this is the first transgression, though often alleged as a reason for tenderness and clemency, was, it is presumed, never proposed to a tribunal of justice as a cause of exempting the criminal from punishment, or, perhaps more properly, as a proof, that he did not merit punishment.

These considerations plainly cut off all hope, as well as all ground, of the justification of transgressors in the sight of God, on the score of Justice; and prove the absolute impossibility of justification by works of Law. Still multitudes of mankind, and among them no small number of divines, have thought proper, notwithstanding this peremptory and decisive language of the Law of God, to annex to it a condition, upon which, in their view, the hope of acceptance may be rationally formed. I say a condition; because I know of but one; viz. Repentance. As this has been abundantly insisted on, it demands a particular consideration.

The scheme of those, who urge this condition, is, so far as my information extends, the following: that, although the Law of God does indeed demand perfect obedience; yet from the benevolence of God, it may be fairly expected, that, even under this Law, every sincere penitent will be accepted.

On this scheme I observe,

1st. The Law itself makes no mention of any such condition.

Hence the evidence of this scheme, if it exist at all, must be extraneous to the Law itself. It cannot but be seen, that a case of this nature must demand evidence clearly decisive; both because it is a case infinitely interesting to every child of Adam, and because the Law is perfectly silent on this subject. This

circumstance renders the scheme originally suspected; for we cannot easily conceive of a reason, why, if acceptance was intended to be granted according to this scheme, God in publishing his Law should observe an absolute silence concerning this condition; and should couch the Law in such language, as, for aught we can see, is directly contradictory to the scheme.

2dly. Revelation is every where silent concerning this condition of acceptance.

That Revelation no where expressly annexes the final acceptance of mankind to Repentance alone will, I suppose, be granted. I have been able to find no passage of this nature, myself; and, so far as I know, such a passage has not, hitherto, been pointed out by any one of those, who adopt the scheme. Whatever importance is annexed to Repentance, it certainly cannot be said with truth, that Faith in the Redeemer is not considered in the Gospel as absolutely necessary to the justification of the penitent. It is no where said, that God may be just, and yet the justifier of him, who repenteth. Until something equivalent to this can be pointed out, as expressly declared in the Gospel, all the evidence in favour of this scheme must be found in inference and argument.

3dly. Revelation declares the contrary doctrine.

In Galatians iii. 21, St. Paul says, If there had been a law, which could have given life; verily righteousness had been by the law. In this passage it is evident beyond denial, that no law exists, or has ever existed, which could give life, or furnish acceptance and consequent salvation, to men. It is further evident, also, that Righteousness is not to Man by the Law; or, more properly as in the original, by Law: that is, by any law whatBut how those, who are not the subjects of righteousness, that is, of moral excellence, or holiness, can see the Lord, or be justified and saved, the Scriptures have no where explained.

ever.

In Galatians ii. 21, the same Apostle says, If Righteousness come by the Law, then Christ is dead in vain; or, more accurately according to the Greek, If righteousness exist by means of Law, Christ certainly hath died in vain. If righteousness do not exist by means of Law, in any sense whatever; then Man, as a mere subject of Law, can never be accepted. If righteousness do ex

ist by means of Law; then, as God himself has declared, Chris! died in vain. A serious man must find an insurmountable difficulty in receiving any doctrine, which involves this consequence.

In Romans iii. 25, 26, the Apostle says, Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation, through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past through the forbearance of God; To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness, that he might be just, and the justifier of him that believeth in Jesus. In this passage of Scripture it is declared, that God set forth Jesus Christ to be a Propitiation, to declare his righteousness in the remission of sins, that he might be just, while justifying him that believeth in Jesus. It is therefore certain, that, if he had not set forth Christ to be a Propitiation, he either would not have justified any of mankind; or, if he had done it, would not have been just. Of course, all men, who are justified, are justified only in consequence of this propitiation, and not by means of Law, in any sense whatever.

It is also evident, that Christ becomes a propitiation to us through faith in his blood; and that those only are justified, who believe in Jesus. In the same manner, in Romans v. 9, the Apostle says, Being justified through, or by means of, his blood. It is therefore certain, that those, who do not believe, will not be justified; and that none are justified without the blood of Christ.

In Romans iii. 30, it is said, One God, who shall justify the circumcision by Faith, and the uncircumcision through Faith. Therefore, God will justify neither circumcision nor uncircumcision through, or by repentance. The prophet Habbakuk, Chapter ii. verse 4th, repeatedly quoted by St. Paul, says, The just shall live by his Faith: More exactly, The just by Faith shall live, that is, He, who by Faith is just, shall live. Therefore no other will live.

All these and the like considerations have, however, been unsatisfactory to the abettors of this scheme; not, as it appears to me, from any want of explicitness in the declarations themselves, but from their want of accordance with a pre-conceived system: a system derived, I am apprehensive, more from Philosophy, than from the Scriptures. Let us, therefore, examine the dictates of Reason concerning this subject; and see, whether they do not plainly, and exactly, harmonize with Revelation.

What, then, must be the nature and language of a Law, prescribing Repentance as the condition of acceptance and justification? Plainly it must be this: He, who disobeys the Law, shall be punished with death; but, if he repents of his disobedience, he shall not be punished. What would be the consequences of such a Law?

1st. All men, who hoped to repent, would disobey.

But from universal experience we are assured beyond a doubt, that every man would hope, that he should at some time or other repent; because every man would consider repentance as in his power. The consequence, therefore, is irresistible, that every man would disobey.

It is equally evident also, that from the love, and the habit, of disobedience every man would continue to disobey so long as he thought Repentance was in his power. But disobedience, protracted to so late a period, would become a habit so strong, that. none would repent. Nothing is more self-deceiving than a spirit of procrastination. We see it in every thing; and always see it the same. Such a Law, therefore, would frustrate itself; and prove a mere encouragement to disobedience.

2dly. The thing, punished by such a law, would not be Disobedience, but Impenitence.

It is undoubtedly true, that every law designs to punish that. which it considers as the transgression; and that only. The thing punished, whatever it is, is in the view of the law the crime; and in that view nothing is a crime, except that, which is punished. But here the law does not threaten the punishment to disobedience, but to impenitence. Impenitence, therefore, is in the view of such a law the only crime. Disobedience, according to the very language of the law, is no crime. But nothing can be a crime, except that, which is constituted a crime by the law. It may be said, that disobedience, being forbidden by the law, is for that reason the crime. This opinion, however, is wholly a mistake. The law, without a penalty, or with respect to whatever it does not threaten with a penalty, ceases to be a law; and becomes mere advice. Disobedience to what it thus prohibits may indeed be imprudence, or impropriety; but cannot be a crime in the eye of such a law. Undoubtedly, if the law regard