and unclean animals, and endeavours, from the whole, to infer, that his prohibitions were not more mandatory than scientific. His theory is illustrated by an appeal to facts, and from the whole he has made out a strong case in favour of select diet, as the most effectual means of preventing diseases, which, when once gendered, scarcely admit of cure. It is a treatise worthy the serious attention of medical men, as well as of others.

19. The Necessity of Religion as the Basis of Education, by the Rev. William Gurden Moore, A.B. (Seeley, London.) The author has established, by the authority of revelation, the relation in which man stands to God, and his interest in an hereafter. For an essay, it has too much of a sermonizing character, which we suspect will partially prevent that due attention to which it is justly entitled.

MISSIONARY COMMUNICATIONS.

On Sunday, March 20th, 1831, I witnessed an interesting ceremony, at the chapel of the Hebrew Christians, Upper Fountain Place, City Road, London. This was the baptism of a converted Jew into the church of Christ, by a Hebrew minister of the gospel, the Rev. George Abrahams; after a pious and exhilarating discourse, from Ezek. xvi. 6, 8. The chapel was crowded to excess, and numbers of Jews were conspicuous throughout the congregation; many of whom listened as if deeply engaged for their individual salvation, while others displayed all their national inveteracy to the Christian name.

The candidate for baptism was brother to an Israelite, who had entered the Hebrew Institution at an early period of that establishment, and was baptized on the 14th of April, 1830, by the Lord Bishop of London, and quitted the Institution on the 30th of September last, with an irreproachable character. Since that period he has worked as a shoemaker, and diligently employed his leisure hours in visiting his Hebrew brethren from house to house; exhorting them to flee from the wrath to come, and believe in Jesus, as the Christ, the salvation of their immortal souls; and in distributing tracts to all.

With the other fruits of his labours, he rejoices over the conversion of his brother, and with joy unspeakable witnessed his baptism. The glow of his countenance on this occasion spoke to my heart; and I felt, in a kindred glow within, that the Jew and the Gentile are one family-one in Christ Jesus, who is Lord of all.

To behold an Hebrew call up an Hebrew brother to acknowledge Jesus of Nazareth, the despised one, as the Christ of Godthe true Messiah–the Saviour, yea, the only Saviour of men; and to hear him witness a good confession, while his brother Hebrew poured water upon his head, baptizing him in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, was a recalling into existence those primitive scenes which the first Christians witnessed; scenes, how lovely! when the apostles and brethren, all Hebrews, baptized into the church of Jesus Christ thousands of Hebrews, many of whom went forth, throughout all the earth, preaching the unsearchable riches Christ, and calling upon all men, Jews and Gentiles, to believe in his name, and be saved by him.

The Society of Hebrew Christians are the first-fruits of the united labours of all the Missionary Societies, founded and continued for the propagation of the gospel amongst the Jews, in these latter days. In this church may be found individuals who owe their conversion to Christianity to the instrumentality of each of these societies; and these all worship together as brethren in Jesus Christ, without regarding the peculiarities in the creeds of their foster-fathers: and well pleased are these foster-fathers, "to behold their children walking in the truth," regardless of the offensive distinctions too obvious in many of the Gentile Christian churches.

The nationality of the Hebrews, which is so prominent a feature in their character, that no one ever studied that people without being struck therewith, separates them from all nations of the earth; and even when converted to Christianity, it leads them to associate each with each, in preference to others, and to prefer the teaching of their own Christian ministers to all Gentile pulpit oratory-and the breaking of bread in the name of Christ, Hebrew with Hebrew, which they practise weekly, to the communion of any national church, or particular sect, known in all the Gentile communities.

Happy shall we be to behold this band of brethren, who have voluntarily associated themselves for their mutual profiting in divine things, united in love, and walking daily in the truth. Yea, may they, by the grace of God, add continually to their numbers, constitute a burning and a shining light to their countrymen, and afford a lasting example, worthy of imitation, to the surrounding Gentiles!

W. COLD WELL.

King's Square, March 21st, 1831..

GLEANINGS.

Expedition.-A short-hand writer took down a lecture at St. Thomas's Hospital in London, at 12 o'clock on Saturday, March 5th, 1831: by 10 the next day, Sunday morning, he was in Bristol, and took down a funeral sermon preached for the late Rev, Robert Hall: by Monday, he had returned to London, and at 12 o'clock, was taking down another lecture delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital.

Wondrous Effects of Chemistry.-Not to mention the impulse which its progress has given to a host of other sciences, what strange and unexpected results has it not brought to light in its application to soma of the most common objects! Who, for instance, would have conceived that linen rags were capable of producing more than their own weight of sugar, by the simple agency of one of the cheapest and most abundant acids? that dry bones could be a magazine of nutriment, capable of preservation for years, and ready to yield up their sustenance in the form best adapted to the support of life, on the application of that powerful agent, steam, which enters so largely into all our processes, or of an acid at once cheap and durable?-that sawdust itself is susceptible of conversion into a substance bearing no remote analogy to bread, and, though certainly less palatable than that of flour, yet no way disagreeable, and both wholesome and digestive, as well as highly nutritive.Herschel's Discourse on Natural Philosophy, in Dr. Lardner's Cyclopedia.

Effects of Saving.-In England, Wales, and Ireland, there are four hundred and eighty banks for savings, The sum of money deposited in these banks is fourteen millions five hundred thousand pounds. The number of depositors is four hundred an i ten thousand. The average amount of the sum deposited by each person is thirty-five pounds. The greater number of persons who are depositors in savings' banks are working men and women. They are the capitalists, who, together, have accumulated a capital of above fourteen millions of money, and receive an annual interest upon that capital of about half a million. How has this great sum of money been accumulated? By small savings. The man who, at the age of twenty-one, puts only one shilling a week in a savings' bank, and continues to do so till he is thirty years of age, has acquired a capital of above thirty pounds. If he has saved, during the same time, two shillings a week, he has a capital of above sixty pounds. If three shillings a week, he has acquired a hundred pounds. Then we see, that if a single man steadily lays by three shillings a week for nine years, at the end of that time he has a capital enough to live upon, without working at all, for at least three years.Results of Machinery.

Traffic on the Rail-road.-The very extraordinary progressive increase of business which is now deservedly rewarding the enterprise of the Liverpool and Manchester rail-road company, may, in some degree, be estimated by the following facts: - Until very lately the arrivals at the Manchester station consisted of single engines, with from six to eight vehicles attached; but more recently, a train came from Liverpool in "linked" continuity, which, in extent and tonnage, surpassed those of every previous occasion. There were four engines, five coaches with passengers, and eighteen waggons, containing upwards of 60 tons of goods! Friday, however, was the crowning affair. Four journeys were accomplished each way, one of which was performed by a connected train of three engines and twenty-four waggons, which brought to this town between 80 and 90 tons of goods!! The other three trips from Liverpool were Dot considerably inferior on the average! they would, therefore, make the astonishing total of nearly three hundred tons of goods sent from Liverpool to this town by that mode of conveyance in one day! During the late frost, as the carriages passed with about 100 tons of cotton, flour, &c. the earth was considerably shaken under the pressure as they passed along. Coals have advanced twenty per cent. at the pits, in consequence of the great consumption and advance in wages. In Lancashire and Yorkshire trade in general is brisk.-Manchester Chronicle.

Coals.-Professor Buckland, as appears by his evidence before the Parliamentary committee on the coal trade, differs very materially from Mr. Taylor, as to the probable duration of the Durham and Northumberland coal-fields. The latter gentleman is of opinion that this duration, at the present rate of consumption, will extend to 1,727 years, whereas the learned professor thinks that it will not exceed 400 years, having come to the conclusion, that it is doubtful whether coal will be found under the magnesian limestone, to any material extent, and that a sufficient allowance is not made by Mr. Taylor's denudations of the strata, and for barren portions of the district; and further, that the assumed thickness of available mine is too great.

199

Statistics of Great Britain.-The number of men, from 15 to 60 years of age, is 2,244,847, or about 4 in every 17 males. These are about 90.000 marriages yearly, and of every 63 marriages, 3 only are observed to be without offspring. The deaths every year are about 332,700; every month, about 25,592; every week, 6,398; every day, 214; every hour, about 40. The proportion of the deaths of women to those of men is as 50 to 54. Married women live longer than those who are not married. In country places there are, on an average, 4 children born of each marriage; in cities, and large towns, the proportion is 7 to every two marriages. The married women are, to all the female inhabitants of a country, as 1 to 3; and the married men to all the males, as 3 to 5. The number of widows is to that of widowers, as 3 to 1; but of widows who re-marry to that of widowers, as 4 to 5. The number of old persons who die during the cold weather is to those who die during a warm season, as 7 to 4. Half of all that are born die before they attain 17 years. The number of twins is to that of single births, as 1 to 65. Old Boerhaave says, the healthiest children are born in January, February, and March: only 1 out of 3125 reaches 100 years. The greatest number of births is in February and March. The small-pox, in the natural way, usually carries off 8 out of every 100 it attacks; by inoculation 1 dies out of every 300. The proportion of males born to that of females is as 26 to 25. In our seaports, there are 132 females to 100 males, and in the manufacturing towns, 113 females to 100 males.

Sunday Schools in Great Britain.-There are at least one million and a quarter of scholars belonging to Sunday schools in the United Kingdom, and, taking the population at 21 millions, that will give one child to Sunday schools out of every 17 persons of the population. The average expense of conducting a Sunday school, of 200 children, is about five pounds per annum for lessons and books, if purchased at the Sunday School Union Depository, and about 157. per annum for rent, the chief parts of which sums are, in most cases, contributed by the teachers themselves, in addition to their gratuitous labours. So that the child can be instructed in a Sunday school for two shillings per annum.

Coal Duties.-There is a curious fact connected with the duty on coals, which is at present exciting much attention both in and out of Parliament, and is worthy of serious notice. It is this: Newcastle coals are actually cheaper in Egypt than in London, and consequently the infant manufactories of that country are in a better situation with respect to coals than the manufactories of the metropolis of the kingdom in which those coals are produced.

Frozen Potatoes.-In the time of frost, the only precaution necessary is, to retain the potatoes in a perfectly dark place, for some days after the thaw has commenced. In America, where they are sometimes frozen as hard as stones, they rot, if thawed in open day but if thawed in darkness, they do not rot, and lose very little of their natural odour and properties. -Recueil Indust. xiv. 81, as quoted in Jameson's Edin burgh New Phil, Journal,

Cultivation of the Tea Plant at the Cape of Good Hope.-The colonists at the Cape have heen for some time speculating on the cultivation of the tea plant, The South African Advertiser states, that Mr. Rhenius, one of the Governors of the Cape, raised tea sufficient for his own consumption. It states that the tea plant is hardy and vigorous, and will grow any where, from the Equator to the 45th degree of latitude; but the best tea is produced between 25 and 32 degrees of latitude. It is supposed, if Chinese acquainted with the cultivation could be induced to come to the Cape, even for a time, that under their instruction it might be brought to perfection; but the great difficulty appears to be, how to induce such Chinese to come amongst them; for this they seem to build their hope on the effect of opening the trade between .England and China, which they suppose will cause a much greater number of Chinese than heretofore to visit England, and the colonies in the line of voyage.

Solution of the Phenomenon of the Sea Serpent.-The public were amused for some time, a few years ago, by tales respecting the huge sea-serpent. Without at all disputing the existence of creatures of that nature in the ocean, 1 have little doubt that a sight I witnessed, in a voyage to the West Indies, was precisely such as some of the Americans had construed into a sea-serpent, a mile in length," agreeing, as it did, with one or two of the accounts given. This was nothing more than a tribe of black porpoises in one line, extending fully a quarter of a mile, fast asleep! The appearance, certainly, was a little singular, not unlike a raft of puncheons, or a ridge of rocks; but the moment it was seen, some one exclaimed, (I believe, the captain,) "Here is a solution of Jonathan's enigma!", and the resemblance to his "sea-serpent" was at once striking.- United Service Journal.

Napoleon.-During the consulate of Napoleon, in 1803, when he was residing at Brussels, he was ac costed by a soldier covered with rags, who, after the usual military salute, said, "Good morning, General.” The Consul looked at him with surprise, and demanded, "Whence come you, my bold fellow?""I come," he said, to inquire if these clothes (showing his tatters) are fit for a soldier who has served his country for 36 years?" Napoleon reflected an instant, and then, with that kindness and tact so peculiar to him, said, "I will give you new apparel, though I do it with regret." "With regret, General!" "Yes, with regret, for, in covering you with new garments, I shall hide an honourable scar which I perceive on your breast." Napoleon ordered him to be equipped, and settled on him a pension of one hundred crowns.-Athenæum.

British Naval Force.-The following is a near statement of the number of vessels of war employed in His Majesty's service at home, as well as on foreign stations:

Judicial Dignity.-The following conversation is said to have passed between a venerable old lady and a certain presiding judge of the State of Ohio. The judge was supported on the right and on the left by humble associates, and the old lady was called to give evidence.-President Judge. Take off your bonnet, madam.-Lady. I would rather not, Sir.-P. J. I desire you to put off your bonnet.-Lady. I am informed, that in public assemblies the women should cover the head; such is the custom, and, of course, I will not take off my bonnet.-P. J. Why, you are a pretty woman, indeed! I think you had better come and take a seat on the bench.-Lady. I thank you kindly, Sir, but I really think there are old women enough there already.-American Paper.

Wesleyan Missionary Society.-We have been given to understand that the Rev. Dr. Raffles, and the Rev. Robert Newton, both of Liverpool, are engaged to preach at the ensuing anniversary of this society on the 28th and 29th days of April, 1831.

Literary Notices.

Just Published.

Part II. of Baines's History of Lancashire, embellished with Views, Portraits, &c. demy and royal

quarto.

Vol. II. of the Select Library-forming the second volume of Ellis's Polynesian Researches: with frontispiece, vignette title, view, and map.

Portrait Gallery, Part XXIV. which completes the second volume-His late Majesty George IV.; Admiral Viscount Duncan; and John Heaviside, Esq., appear in this last Part.

Part VIII. of Views in the East-King's Fort, Burhanpore; Mosque of Mustapha Khan, Beejapore ; and the Ruins of Old Delhi.

The Science of Book-keeping exemplified in Jones's English system of Single and Double Entry, and Balancing Books.

Counsels for the Communion Table; or Persuasives to an immediate observance of the Lord's Supper. To which is added an Appendix, containing many important suggestions on the subject of the Eucharist. By John Morison, D.D.

Oxford. A Poem, by Robert Montgomery, of Lincoln's College, Oxford.

The Nature, Reality, and Efficacy, of the Atonement. By Daniel Dewar, L.L.D. of Glasgow.

Essays, tending to prove Animal Restoration. By Samuel Thompson, Wesleyan Miuister.

The Destinies of the British Empire, and the Duties of British Christians at the present Crisis. In Four Lectures. By the Rev. W. Thorp, of Bristol. 8vo. An Enquiry after Prophetic Truth, relative to the Restoration of the Jews and the Millennium, addressed to Jews and Gentiles. By Joseph Tyso.

Richard Baynes's General Catalogue of Books in all Languages and Classes of Literature, consisting of above Nine Thousand Articles, many Curious and Rare, in one large vol. 8vo.

Prayer, the best Resource in Trouble. By W. Robinson.

Prayer and Religious Tests, in connexion with the British and Foreign Bible Society, considered in two Letters, addressed to the Right Hon. Lord Teignmouth, by Sexagenarius.

A Sermon, occasioned by the death of the Rev. R. Hall, A.M. of Bristol. By T. Swan, of Birmingham. Omnipotence: a Poem. By R. Jarman.

The Christian's Privilege, &c. a Pastoral Address. By Edward Mannering.

A Manual of Religious Instruction for the Young. By the Rev. Robert Simson, M. A.

An Introduction to Latin Syntax. By J. Mair, A. M.

Sunday Library, Vol. II. By the Rev. T. F. Dibdin, D.D.

Lardner's Cabinet Library, Vol. III.

Family Classical Library, Vol. XV. Tacitus. On the Personality and Divinity of the Holy Spirit. By John Pye Smith, D.D.

The History of Tithes, &c. By Biblicus.

Three Letters on Education. By the Rev. William Newlands, M. A.

Address of Earl Stanhope at the Anniversary Meet ing of the Medico-Botanical Society, Jan. 16, 1831. Faith in Christ, of which the genuine Fruit is Righteousness.

The Cottager's Own Book.

Grace and Love beyond Gifts: a Sermon. By W. Bridge.

Little Mary, or God in every Thing.

Objections to Unitarian Christianity, considered. By W. Ellery Channing, D.D.

The Bury Melodies. By W. J. White.

Lardner's Cyclopedia, Vol. XVI.-Maritime Discoveries, Vol. III.

Family Classical Library, Vol. XVI. Theophrastus. Walker's Interest and Discount Tables.

A Philosophical Estimate of the Controversy respecting the Divine Humanity. By J. A. Heraud. Cambrian Superstitions-Ghosts, Omens, Witchcraft, Traditions, &c. By W. Howells.

Comprehensive Grammar of Ancient Geography and History. By W. Pinnock.

The Christian's Magazine. No. I. to IV.

Report of the Protestant Colonization Society of Ireland.

The Life of John Walker, M.D. By J. Epps, M.D. The Tour of the Holy Land, &c. By the Rev. R. Morehead, D.D. &c.

An Inquiry respecting Baptism. By Sylvanus. American Annals of Education and Instruction, &c. The Shorter Catechism illustrated, by Extracts from various Authors. By J. Hall. Part I. Anti-Slavery Reporter. No. 77.

The History and Topography of the United States of North America. By. J H.-Hinton. Parts 7, 8, 9. The Pious Minstrel: a Collection of Sacred Poetry. Bereaved Parents Consoled, &c. By J. Thornton. Counsels to a Newly Wedded Pair. By J. Morison. In the Press.

Memorials of the Stuart Dynasty, including the Constitutional and Ecclesiastical History of England from the Decease of Elizabeth to the Abdication of James II. By Robert Vaughan, author of " The Life and Opinions of Wycliffe," 2 vols. 8vo.

A small Volume of Original Hymns. By Mrs. S. Cocks.

By the Author of "Rank and Talent," a Novel, entitled "Atherton." The scene is cast in the days of Wilkes, Junius, and Dr. Johnson.

Spain in 1830. By H. D. Inglis, author of Solitary Walks through many Lands.

Preparing for the Press.

The Truths of Revelation demonstrated, by an Appeal to existing Monuments, Sculptures, Gems, Coins, and Medals. By a Fellow of several learned Societies.

A Second Series of Tales of a Physician. By H. H. Harrison.

A short Series of interesting Essays, on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, the Immortality of the Soul, and the manifold advantages of Christianity. By Mr. R. Ainslie, Writer to the Signet, Edinburgh.

An Essay on the Ministry of Local Preachers. By W. Robinson.

A Treatise on Mental Derangement, in which the subject of Insanity will be considered in all its bearings. By Dr. Uwins.

The Canon of the Old and New Testaments ascertained; or, the Bible complete without the Apocrypha. By Archibald Alexander, D.D.

By Mr. Morris, author of the Memoirs of the Rev. Andrew Fuller: Biographical Recollections of the late Robert Hall.