TITUS LIVIUS. SELECTIONS FROM THE FIRST FIVE BOOKS, TOGETHER WITH THE Twenty-first and Twenty-second Books Entire: WITH AN INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION AS NEARLY LITERAL AS THE IDIOMATIC DIFFERENCES OF THE For the Use of Schools and Private Learners. By REV. I. W. BIEBER. PHILADELPHIA: DAVID MCKAY COMPANY WASHINGTON SQUARE. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by CHARLES DE SILVER In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE In preparing the following "Interlinear," it was deemed requisite to present only such portions of Livy as are found in Prof. Lincoln's edition, embracing selections from the first five, and the whole of the twenty-first and twenty-second, books. Except a few slight alterations, made on the authority of the best German critical editions, the text of Lincoln has been scrupulously followed and precisely reproduced; while in the preparation of the corresponding English, the most reliable current translations were freely consulted and used. In method, aim and general execution, the present work is essentially in harmony with those of the "Interlinear series," already before the public, and of which the Livy is merely a continuation. It was thought possible, however, to introduce an additional feature (in the matter of translation,) without defeating the purpose, or destroying the peculiarity, of the book as an Interlinear. By resorting to a somewhat novel plan of "italicizing," the English text throughout has been made to assume a two-fold character: substantially preserving, on the one hand, the" verbal method" of its predecessors; and making provision, at the same time, for the demands of the more advanced and cultured reader. Dropping alı phrases, words and parts of words, in italic areas, the sense still remains comparatively unimpaired, and constitutes the (almost) "literal" rendering of the Latin text; an unbroken reading, on the other hand, gives us the meaning of the author in clearer, fuller and bolder English. In order to secure such a result 'n all cases, it became necessary, at times, to sacrifice he position of words in the original, and strict grammatical propriety, to the general end; and occasionally to adopt a style of "grouping" and "lumping," altogether foreign to other Interlinears. Among the Latin constructions thus violated, a few deserve particular mention: the imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive of verbs with cum, (to subserve our purpose, frequently translated participially); ut, qui, and quod, with the present and imperfect tenses of the same mood, (generally rendered as an infioitive); and the ablative absolute, in whose case, instead of a passive, an active signification is given to the participle, and the accompanying noun placed as its object. However, these unserious deviations from the beaten track are fully redeemed by the advantage gained in fluency, intelligibility and better vindication of the English idiom. au Should the "Interlinear Livy" contribute in any way towards the more extensive study of an thor, who justly ranks as one of Rome's brightest and most polished historians, the translator will deem himself amply rewarded for the laborious effort of adding this new volume to the American Interinear Series of Classics. Bethlehem, Pa.. 1872. I. W. B. TITUS LIVIUS. PREFACE. FACTURUSNE Sim pretium operæ, si perscripserint Whether I shall do what is worth the trouble, if I trace from the foundation urbis, of the city si sciam, ausim dicere ; if I were, esse rem would I venture to say, that the matter is cum veterem both old that they will excel Utcumque erit, However that may be, consuluisse, rudem vetustatem always suppose in rebus, aut in the facts, arte scribendi. the unpolished ancients in their style of writing. juvabit tamen, et ipsum it will be a pleasure notwithstanding, myself also to have contributed, according to my ability, towards the perpetuation rerum gestarum populi principis terrarum: et si in of the achievements of a people the foremost of the world: and if, amidst tanta turba scriptorum, mea fama sit in obscuro, so great an array of historians, my reputation should remain in obscurity, consoler me nobilitate ac magnitudine eorum, I shall console myself with the celebrity and eminence of those, |