A.

Abergavenny, Earl of, mines of the,

in Monmouthshire, 125.
Adrian, the Emperor, forges esta-
blished at Bath by, 29.

Alcon, the statue of Hercules, made
by, 14.

America, heavy duties imposed by the
States of, on the importation of iron,
5. Importance of the iron trade to,
69. Iron first made in, ib. Quan-
tity of ironstone found in, 70. Ex-
portation of iron and hemp from, 72.
81. Iron trade of, 202. Commerce
of, impeded, 205. Declaration of
war with Great Britain, 207. Ma-
nufacture of iron in, 209. Message
of President Jackson to the Con-

gress of, 223. Tariff Act passed,
231. Iron manufactures of, in 1840,
232. British iron imported into,
1815-1852, 239.
Anchors, invention of the, 12. The
weight of, 308.

Ancients, manufacture of iron by the,

10.

Anthracite coal, used in the smelting
of iron, 265, 266. Used as fuel in
the "Great Britain" steam-ship,
312.

Anvil, invention of the, 11.
Archimedes, of Syracuse, the pump
invented by, 139.

Aristonides, the statue of brass and
iron, made by, 14.

Armour, the superior make of, 32.
The manufacture of, by Cinyras,
king of Lemnos, 11.

Armourers, the college of, established
for the manufacture of military
weapons for the Romans, 29.
Arms, the Anglo-Saxons required by
law to have, 31.

Artificers, the early, mentioned by
Herodotus, 11.
Honour paid to,
by the Anglo-Saxons, 31,

Atmospheric engine, invention of the,

90.
Austrian Dominions, the iron made in
the, 244.

Axe, invention of the, 11.

B.

Bacon, Anthony, erection of iron works
at Merthyr Tydvil, by, 122. Con-
tract with Government for casting
cannon, ib.

Barba, Alonso, the furnaces used by
the Peruvians for smelting silver
ore, described by, 19.

Bath, military forge established at, 29.
Belgium, the manufacture of iron in,
240.

Bellows, the first used for blowing
furnaces, 82.

Berlin, the Devaranne manufactory of
cast-iron ornaments at, 3.
Bible, the, early use of iron mentioned
in, 10.

Biscay, province of, the iron manufac-
tories of, 142.

Black-band ironstone, 302.
Blackwell, Mr., extracts from his
lecture on "The iron-making re-
sources of the United Kingdom,"
301.

Blaenavon, iron works of, 125, 126.
Blewstone, Mr., his furnace at Wed-

nesbury, 56.

Blood, iron or steel imbrued in will
ever after rust, 17.

Bloomeries of the United States of
America, 208.

Boate, Gerard, his division and de-
scription of the mines in Ireland,
62.
Boiling pig-iron, 254.

Bones, used as a substitute for metals,

9.

Boors, insurrection of the, in Russia,
164.

Cannon, first used, 33. Make of, 34.

Hand-cannon, ib. 56.
Cappadocia, the iron ore of, 15.
Cardwell, Rt. Hon. Edward, state-
ment made by, on the better regula-
tion of the traffic upon railways and
canals, 305.

Carron Iron Works, 83.
Cast-iron, ornaments manufactured
from, 2. Value of, compared with
the raw ore, ib. Precise period of
first casting unknown, 33. The
different sorts of, 48. Unknown

to ancient metallurgists, 111. Of
Sweden, white as silver, 149. Made
in France, 181.
Chain-cables, the first use of, 308.
Improvements made in, 309.
Chains, cast iron neck chains, manu-
factured at Berlin, 3.

Charcoal, the quantity of consumed
for smelting iron, 55. The expense
of, compared with coke, 194.
Charles I., king, patent granted by,
for smelting iron with coal, 43.
Chinese, the, knowledge of, in the use
of iron, 159.

Cinyras, King of Lemnos, articles
of iron manufacture invented by,

11.

Clyde iron works, 259, 260.
Coal, unsuccessful use of, in smelting
iron, 37. First used with success,
38. Saving in the consumption of,
by use of the steam engine, 93.
The scarcity of, in Sweden, 156.
Seldom used in the furnaces in
Spain, 143. Used in France, 178,
180. 194. Substituted for coke,
260. Contained in the United
States of America, 268.
Coal Fields, areas of, in Great Britain,
305.

Coal mines, the working of, 40. 50.
Cockerill, Mr., manufacture of iron

by, in Belgium, 241.

Coke, useless in melting and fining of
iron, 56. Used in the furnaces of
France, 178. The mixture of with
charcoal, for the furnaces, 188.
Less expensive than charcoal, 194.
Colebrook Dale, iron and coal of, 56.
Companies, Joint Stock Iron, 280.
294.

Connaught, iron mines of, 65.
Copper, found complete in its natural
state, 9. Found in Cyprus, 11.
Its early use, ib. Transmuting of,

into iron, 289.

Corbyn's Hall Furnace, 251.
Cork, earl of, the iron mines of, 64.
Cornwall, its early trade in tin, 27.
Corybantes, the, 11.

Cort, Mr. sen., puddling and rolling

iron, invented by, 110. His process
of forming malleable iron, 117.
Cort, Coningsby, petition of, to the
House of Commons, 119.

Coxe, Mr., his account of the mines of

Monmouthshire, 124. His descrip-
tion of the mines of Sweden and
Norway, 147.

Craig, John, remarks on the mineral
resources of Lanarkshire, 263.
Crane, Mr., experiments on the an-
thracite coal, by, 266.

Crawshay, Mr., the Cyfarthfa iron
works of, 123.

Cromwell, Oliver, Protector, patent

granted by, for making iron with
coal, 45.

Crystal Palace, the, 314.

Customs duties, taken off iron im-
ported from Ireland, 67. Scale of,
on foreign iron and timber, 68.
Reduction of, on iron and steel,
proposed by Mr. Herries, 128. 130.
Increase of, on iron imported into
France, 189. On American iron,
210. 215. 222. 228. Tariff Act passed
in America, 231. 233. On iron ore
in Prussia, 243. Protective duties
an injury to the trade of France,
274. Rail-iron admitted into Ame-
rica duty free, 276.

Cutlery, exports of British, 307.
Cyfarthfa, iron works of, 123.
Cylinders, the boring of, by Mr. J.
Wilkinson, 92. The erection of,
83. Superiority of, 86.
Cylindrical furnaces, 248.

D.

Dannemora, the iron mine of, 147.
Darby, Abraham, his furnace at Cole-
brook Dale, 56.

Date, the supposed, of the art of
fabricating iron, 12.

Dædalus and Talus, instruments in-
vented by, 14.

Dean, Forest of, iron mines of, 32, 33.
35. 45. 58.

Demidof, Akinfy, the Uralian mines
of, 162.

Devaranne, principal manufactory of
cast-iron ornaments at Berlin, 3.
Selling prices of cast-iron orna-
ments made at, ib.
Diadems, cast-iron, 3.

Dinocrates, an architect of Alexandria,
singular invention of, 17.
Diodorus Siculus, on the manufacture
of iron, 12. On the pumps used in
the silver mines of Spain, 138.
Dixon, William, experiments made

by, at the Calder iron works, 249.
Druids, the, useful arts taught by,
28.

Dudley, Dudley, his history of smelt-
ing iron with pit coal, 37.

E.

Earrings, Sevigné, those manufactured
at Berlin, 3.

F.

Fabri, society of the, the rules and
order of, 30.

Fabrica, or military forge, 29.

Arms
made at, for the Roman soldiers,
ib.

Films, the iron mine of, 147.
Finch, F., comparative statement of
pig iron made in Great Britain,
1823-1830, prepared by, 131.
Fire-arms, those first used in France,
33.

Flatting-mills of Russia, 168.

Flints used as a substitute for metals,
9.

Flourishing iron, mode of, 116.
Forges, iron, those used by the Turks
in the year 545, 19. Established
at Bath by the Emperor Adrian,
29. The principal ones of Spain,
142. Of Sweden and Norway, 146.
149. Of France, 181. Of the
United States of America, 208. Of
Belgium, 241,

Foster, James, 292.

Foundries, introduced by the Ro-

mans, 31. Of those in Russia, 171.
France, the facility afforded in, for
obtaining information on the manu-
facture of iron, 3. Private interests
protect the monopoly of iron in, 6.

The mines and manfactories of, 174.
Early knowledge of the French in
the use of iron, 176. Report on
the mines of, 177. Produce of iron
in 1801, in, 179. In 1818, 1824,
180. Of the twelve localities in,
for making iron, 185. Iron made
in 1824-1826, 188. Increase in
the duties upon iron imported into,
189. Annual consumption of iron
in, 274. The protective duties an
injury to the trade of, in iron, 275.
The revolution of, in 1848, its
effects upon the iron trade, 297.
Free trade, with the colonies of Ame-
rica, in iron, 76. Opposed in
France, by M. Duchatel, 195.
Fuel, iron works stopped for want of,
37. Scarcity of, for the furnaces
in Spain, 143. Scarcity of, in
France, 194.

Furnaces, mentioned by Pliny, 16.
Mode of working by the ancients,
19. By the Kamalians, 20. By
the Himalayans, 21. The early,
used by the Peruvians for smelting
silver, 19. Table of those in Eng-
land and Wales, in 1740, 57. Bel-
lows first used for blowing, 82.
Cylinders erected for, 84. Increase
of the numbers of, 93. Numbers
and produce of, in Great Britain,
in 1806, 99. In 1823-1830, 131.
Of the United States of America,
208.

Of Belgium, 241. Made in
the cylindrical form, 248. Altera-
tions of, made by Mr. Gibbon, 249.
Hot air substituted for cold, in the
blowing of, 259. Numbers of, in
Great Britain in 1847, 295. 300.

G.

Gas, coal, 313.
German Commercial Union, manufac-
ture of iron in the, 244.
Gibbon, the historian, on the iron
forges of the Turks, 19.
Gibbons, John, alterations in the blast
furnace, made by, 249.

Gloucester, city of, its early trade in
iron, 32.

Glue, invention of, 11.

Gold, found complete in its natural
form, 9.

Govan Works, account of a fortnight's
work at the, 248,

Greeks, trade of, with the Britons for
tin, 25.

Great Britain, history of the iron trade
in, 82.

Great Britain, the, iron screw steamer,

311.

Grufve, the iron mine of, 147.

H.

Heath, Josiah M., improvements in
the manufacture of steel by, 152.
Herodotus, account of the early arti-
ficers by, 10.

Herries, Right Hon. Charles, reduc-
tion of the duties on foreign iron
by, 128.

Heuschling, Xavier, the iron trade of
Belgium described by, 241.

Hill, Mr., iron works of, at Merthyr
Tydvil, 123. Mines of, at Blae-

navon, 125.
Himalaya, the, iron screw steamer,
311.

Homer, the use of iron mentioned by,

317.
Information on the iron trade, want of
correct, 3.

Ireland, history of the iron manufac-
ture in, 60. The civilisation of, by
James I., ib. Working of the iron
mines of, by the English, 63. De-
struction of the iron mines by the
rebels, 66.

Iron, the uses to which it may be
applied, 2. 277. 313. Value of
manufactured compared with the
raw ore, 2. Want of statistical in-
formation on, 3. Early period of
manufacturing, 8. Origin of the
growth of, unknown, 9.
found in its perfect form, ib.

Never

Its

application by the ancients, 10.
The invention of the art of fabrica-
ting, 12. Its uses described by
Pliny, 13. Means to prevent the
rusting of, 18. The manufacture
of, by the English, 24. Importa-
tion of, from Germany, 32. Ex-
portation of, prohibited by Act of
Parliament, 28 Edw. 3., 33. Pe-

riod of first casting unknown, 33.
Act passed against the importation
of, 34. The smelting of, with coal,
37. Decrease in the make of, 57.
Imports and exports of, from 1711
-1776, 58. Duties taken off, on
that imported from Ireland, 67.
Duty on foreign, 68. The manu-
facture of, lost to Ireland, ib. The
first made in America, 69. Im-
portation of, in 1750, from America,
duty free, 73. Exports and imports
of, from and to America, 81. The
quantity manufactured in England
and Wales, 1740 and 1788, 87.
Manufactured in Scotland, 88.
High price of foreign, 94. Increase
in the demand of, 97. Patents
obtained for puddling and rolling of,
110. Ancient mode of extracting
of, from the ore, ib. Modern method
ofreducing the ore, 113. Mode of
manufacturing, in Sweden, 113.
Method of preparing where coke is
used, 115. Mr. Cort's process of
forming malleable, 117. Quantity
of, sent down the Glamorganshire
canal in 1817-1831, 124. Early
manufacture of, in Monmouthshire,
125. Quantity carried down the
Monmouthshire canal, 1802-1831,
127. Reduction of the duties on
foreign, 128. Quantity made in
Great Britain in 1823-1830, 131.
Made at different periods 1740 —
1830, 136. Exports and imports
of, 1786—1830, 137. Improvement
of, by being buried in the earth,
139. The manufacture of, in Spain,
138. Exported from Spain to
Great Britain in 1711–1755, 141.
Principal factories in Spain, 142.
The annual average make of, in
Spain, 143. The quantity of, made
in Sweden, 150. 152. On the con-
sumption of, 154. The manufacture
of, in Sweden, 146. Taken as
security for loans, ib. The mines
of Norway, 157. Mines and manu-
factories of Russia, 159. Import

241.
242.

and export duties on, in Russia,
169. The produce of, in Russia,
171. Early knowledge of the
French in the use of, 176. Report
on the mines of France, 177.
Quantity made in France, 181. 194.
Tariff on, 200. Made in the
United States of America, 210. 215.
222. 228. Manufactures of, in
America, in 1840, 232; in 1850,
238. British iron imported into
America in 1815-1852, 239.
The manufacture of, in Belgium,
Exports of, from Belgium,
Made in Prussia, 243. In
the German Commercial Union,
244. In Austria, 244. In Pied-
mont, 245. In Elba, 245.
tory of the home manufacture of,
from 1830, 246. Made in Great
Britain in 1839, 256. Made in
South Wales, 1831-1840, 257.
The prices of, in 1825, 270. Ex-
ports of British, 1830-1839, 278.
Imports, ib. The quantity manu-
factured in Scotland, 286. Increase
in the manufacture of, attributable
to the railway mania, 295. Quan.
tity made in Great Britain in 1847,
ib. Price of, for railways, 296.298.
Rise in the price of, not always be-
neficial to iron-masters, 298. Make
of, in 1852, 302. Exported, 316.

318.

His-

Iron, cast. See Cast-iron.
Iron foundries, the introduction of,
by the Romans, 31.

Iron foundries of Russia, 166.
Iron ore, the produce of almost every
country, 15. Of Kamalia, 20. Of
the Himalaya mountains, 21. Of
Monmouthshire and Gloucester-
shire, 29. The different sorts of,
51. The admixture of white mine
with rock mine, 65. Ancient mode
of extracting iron from the, 110.
Modern method of reducing the,
113. Exportation of, from Spain,
prohibited, 143. Produce of, in
Sweden, 148.

Ironstone, quantity of, found in Ame-
rica, 70. Scarcity of, 300. The
coal measure, 302. Black band, ib.
Red Hæmatites, ib. Oolitic, 303.
Iron trade, decrease of the, 57.
Iron wire, the making and drawing of
by main force, 35.

Iron works, act passed in 1581, pro-
hibiting the erection of, 36. The