new fangled mass that was made up for his marriage, his fanatical partisans went so far as to pronounce this man blessed, who bore evident marks of impiety. The collect of the mass(a) was thus worded: "Deus qui post longam et impiam sacerdotum tuorum "cæcitatem Beatum AndroamCarlostadium eâ gratiâ donare digna❝tus es, ut primus, nullâ habitâ ratione papistici juris, uxorem "ducere ausus fuerit; da, quæsumus, ut omnes sacerdotes, recep"tâ sanâ mente, ejus vestigia sequentes, ejectis concubinis aut "eisdem ductis, ad legitimi consortium thori convertantur; per "Dom. nost. etc."

The Lutherans inform us, that "it cannot be denied that "Carlostadius was strangled by the Devil, considering the num"ber of witnesses who relate it, the number of others who have "committed it to writing, and even the letters of the pastors at "Bâle.' (b) He left behind him a son, Hans Carlostadius, who, "renouncing the errors of his father, entered the communion of "the Catholic Church.

ZUINGLIUS.

"I do not refuse (wrote Melanchton), (c) to enter upon a con"ference (at Marburgh) with Ecolampadius; for, to speak to "Zuinglius is time lost.-It is not however a light undertaking, "because their opinion is agreeable to many, who are desirous of "touching the mysteries of God with their hand, and yet permit "themselves to be conducted by their curiosity." Luther replying to the landgrave, said: " Of what use is this conference, if "both parties bring to it an opinion already formed and come with "the determination of yielding in nothing. I know for certain "that they are in error. These are the stratagems of the Devil; "and this is the way that every thing goes worse and worse."

"I cannot (says Zuinglius of himself) conceal the fire that "burns me and drives me on to incontinence, since it is true that its "effects have already drawn upon me but too many infamous "reproaches among the Churches." (d)

The printer at Zurich, said Lavatherus, made a present to Luther of the translation of Zuinglius: but he sent it back with abusive language. "I will not read (said he), the works of these people, because they are out of the Church, and are not only

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(a) Quoted in Florim.-(b) Hist. de Cœn. August. fol. 41.--(c) Quoted in Florim.-(d) In Parenæs ad Helvet, t. I, d. 113,

"damned themselves, but draw many miserable creatures after "them. As long as I live I shall make war upon them by my prayers and my writings." (a)

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Carlostadius's opinion upon the Eucharist seemed to Luther to be foolish; that of Zuinglius fallacious and wicked, giving nothing but wind and smoke to Christians, instead of the true body of Jesus Christ, who spoke of neither sign nor figure. (b)

"The Zuinglians write that we look upon them as brethren; "this is a fiction so foolish and impertinent (proclaimed the Lu❝therans in full synod) that we cannot be sufficiently astonished at "their impudence. We do not even grant to them a place in the "Church, far from recognizing as brethren, a set of people, "whom we see agitated by the spirit of lying, and uttering blas"phemies against the Son of Man." (c)

Brentius, whom Bishop Jewel called the grave and learned old man, declares that "the dogmas of the Zuinglians are diabolical, "full of impiety, of corruptions and calumnies; that the error of "Zuinglius upon the Eucharist drew along with it many others "still more sacrilegious (d); he predicted that, the Zuinglians would soon shew the heresy of the Nestorians springing up again in the Church of God; "soon (says he), will the different articles "of our religion disappear one after another, and to them will suc"ceed the superstitions of the Pagans, the Talmudists, and the "Mahometans." (e)

Luther openly declared that "Zuinglius was an offspring of "hell, an associate of Arius, a man, who did not deserve to be prayed for ......”

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"Zuinglius, (said Luther), is dead and damned, having de"sired like a thief and a rebel, to compel others, to follow his "error." (f)

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Many protestants (testifies the Apologist of Zuinglius), have "not scrupled to pronounce that he died in his sins, and thus to "send him to hell." (g)

"Blessed is the man who hath not walked in the counsel of the

(a) Schlussemb. lib. II. Theol. Calvin. quoted in Florim, p. 96.—(b) In Florim. p. 109.—(c) Epitome Colloq. Maul. Bruno 1564, p. 28.-(d) Brentius in Recogn. Prophet, et Apost. in fine.—(e) In Bullingeri Coronide, an. 1544.— (ƒ) Tom. II. fol. 36, cited in Florim.~(g) Gualter in Apolog. Tom. I. oper. Zuingl. fol. 18.

"Sacramentarians, nor stood in the way of the Zuinglians, nor sat in "the chair of the Zurichians. You understand what I mean." (a)

CALVIN.

Calvin, being obliged to leave France to disengage himself from law-affairs, went to Germany and there sought out the greater part of those who were busy in disturbing the consciences and agitating the minds of men. At Basle he was presented by Bucer to Erasmus, who resorted to the private conferences without being induced to embrace the opinions of these innovators. Erasmus, after having conversed with him upon some of the points of religion, exceedingly astonished at what he had discovered in his dispositions, turned towards Bucer and shewing young Calvin to him, said, “I see a "great plague rising in the Church against the Church; video magnam pestem oriri in Ecclesia contra Ecclesiam."

"Calvin, I am aware, is violent and wayward: so much the "better; he is the very man to advance our cause.”(b) Thus spoke a German who had taught him at Bourges, and who, together with Greek and Hebrew, had crammed him with the new doctrines of Germany.

"Calvin (said Bucer), is a true mad dog. The man is "wicked, and he judges of people according as he loves or "hates them."

Baudoin, expressing his disapprobation of the opinions of Bucer and Melanchton, said that he admired their modesty, but that he could not endure Calvin, because he had found him too thirsty for vengeance and blood; propter nimiam vindictæ et sanguinis sitim...... Baudoin, induced by Cassandre, had renounced the doctrine of Calvin. He was the most learned and renowned lawyer of his time; he was born in the year 1520 and died in 1573. See his Funeral Oration on Papyrius Masson. Paris 1638. See Bibl. Mazarine.

The intolerant and sanguinary spirit of this too celebrated man appears in one of his letters to his friend, the Marquis du Poët "Do not find fault with our ridding the country of these fanatics "who exhort the people by their discourses to bear up against us, "who blacken our conduct,and wish to make our faith be considered as an idle fancy. Such monsters ought to be suffocated, as hap

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(a) Luth. Epist. ad Jacob presbyt.—(b) Wolmar,

"pened at the execution of Michael Servetus, the Spaniard. The original of this letter has been preserved in the archives of the Marquis du Montelimart. We are assured that M. de Voltaire received in 1772 an authentic copy of it, according to his request, and that, after he had read it, he wrote on the margin some lines against Calvin.

"What man was ever more imperious and positive and more "divinely infallible than Calvin, against whom the smallest oppo"sition that men dared to make was always a work of Satan and a "crime deserving of fire." (a)

Calvin's erroneous opinions upon the Trinity excited against him the zeal of one, who in other respects held his sacramentarian opinions; "What demon has urged thee, O Calvin ! to declaim with "the Arians against the Son of God? ...... It is that antichrist "of the north that thou hast the imprudence to adore, that gram"marian Melanchton."(6) Beware, Christian reader, above all, 66 ye ministers of the word, beware of the books of Calvin.-They "contain an impious doctrine, the blasphemies of Arianism, as if "the spirit of Michael Servetus had escaped from the executioner "and according to the system of Plato had transmigrated whole and

entire into Calvin." (c) The same author gave as the title to his writings: "Upon the Trinity, and upon Jesus Christ our “Redeemer, against Henry Sullinger, Peter Martyr, John Calvin, "and the other ministers of Zurich and Geneva, disturbers of the "Church of God."

By teaching that God was the author of sin Calvin raised against him all parties of the reform. The Lutherans of Germany united to refute so horrible a blasphemy; " This opinion (said they), "ought every where to be held in horror and execration; it " is a stoical madness, fatal to morals, monstrous and blas"phemous."(d)

"This Calvinistic error is horribly injurious to God, and of "all errors the most mischievous to mankind. According to this "Calvinistic theologian, God would be the most unjust tyrant."it would no longer be the Devil, but God himself who would be "the Father of lies." (e)

(a)J.J. Rousseau, Lettrcs de la mont—(b) Stancharus de Mediat. in Calv. instit No. 4.-(c) Id. ibid. No. 3.—(d)Corpus doctrinæ Christianæ.-(e)Conrad. Schlussemb. Calvin, Theolog. fol. 46.

The same author, who was superintendant and general inspector of the Lutheran Churches in Germany, in the three volumes he published against the Calvinistic theology, (a) never makes mention of the Calvinists without giving them the epithets of unbelievers, impious, blasphemers, impostors, heretics, incredulous, people struck with the spirit of blindness, barefaced and shameless men, turbulent ministers, busy agents of satan, &c.

Heshusius, after exposing the doctrine of the Calvinists, indignantly declares, that "they not only transform God into a Devil, "the very idea of which is horrible: but that they annihilate the "merits of Jesus Christ to such a degree that they deserve to be "banished for ever to the bottom of hell." (b)

The Calvinists themselves objected against this doctrine of their leader. Bullinger proves its erroneousness from Scripture, the Fathers and the whole Church. "We do therefore (said he)

prove clearly from Scripture this dogma taught every where "since the Apostles' time, that God is not the author of evil, the "cause of sin, but our corrupt inclinations or concupiscence, " and the devil, who moves, excites and inflames it."(c) And Châtillon, whom Calvin had for a long time taken into his house and fed at his table, was one of the first to take up the pen against his benefactor and master, although he did it with all the deference due to this double title. "He is a false God (said he) that is so "slow to mercy, so quick to wrath, who has created the greatest "part of men to destroy them, and has not only predestinated "them to damnation, but even to the cause of their damnation. "This God, then, must have determined from all eternity, and he now actually wishes and causes that we be necessitated to sin; so that thefts, adulteries and murders are never committed but "at his impulse; for he suggests to men perverse and shameful "affections; he hardens them, not merely by simple permission, but "actually and efficaciously; so that the wicked man accomplishes "the work of God and not his own, and it is no longer Satan, but "Calvin's God, who is really the father of lies." (d)

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Calvin in his turn forgets not to reproach Chatillon with his ingratitude, and adds: "Never did any man carry pride, perfidy "and inhumanity to a higher pitch. He who does not know thee to be an imposter, a buffoon, an impudent cynic and one ever

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(a) Francfort, 1592.—(b) Lib. de Præsent. Corp. Ckrist. 1560, in fine.(c) Decad. III. Serm. X...(d) Castellion in lib. de Prædestin, ad Calvin.