61 OF POLITICAL LEGITIMACY-CO-EXISTENCE OF ALL THE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT IN THE FIFTH CENTURY-ATTEMPTS TO RE-ORGANIZE SOCIETY. Two causes-one material, the con- 3. By the church of Spain... 77 81 Religion a principle of association.... 104 It failed in the second condition by the Force not essential to government.... 110 The church being a corporation and not a caste, answered to the first GENERAL HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN MODERN EUROPE, FROM THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. LECTURE I. CIVILIZATION IN GENERAL. BEING called upon to give a course of lectures, and having considered what subject would be most agreeable and convenient to fill up the short space allowed us from now to the close of the year, it has occurred to me that a general sketch of the History of Modern Europe, considered more especially with regard to the progress of civilization-that a general survey of the history of European civilization, of its origin, its progress, its end, its character, would be the most profitable subject upon which I could engage your attention. I say European civilization, because there is evidently so striking a uniformity (unité) in the civilization of the different states of Europe, as fully to warrant this appellation. Civilization has flowed to them all from sources so much alike—it is so connected in them all, notwithstanding the great differences of time, of place, and circumstances, by the same principles, and it so tends in them all to bring about the same results, that no one will doubt the fact of there being a civilization essentially European. At the same time it must be observed that this civilization cannot be found in-its history cannot be collected from, the history of any single state of Europe. However similar in its general appearance throughout the whole, its variety is not |