Chaucer's ridicule. The whole poem is printed in Leyser's Hist. Poet. Med. Ævi, pp. 862-978.'-Tyrwhitt. 528. Richard I. died on April 6, 1199, on Tuesday; but he received his wound on Friday, March 26. 530. Why ne hadde I=0 that I had. 537. streite swerd = drawn (naked) sword. Cf. Aeneid, ii. 333, 334'Stat ferri acies mucrone corusco Stricta, parata neci.' 538. See Aeneid, ii. 550-553. 543. Hasdrubal; not Hannibal's brother, but the King of Carthage when the Romans burnt it, B. C. 146. Hasdrubal slew himself; and his wife and her two sons burnt themselves in despair; see Orosius, iv. 13. 3, or Ælfred's translation, ed. Sweet, p. 212. Lydgate has the story in his Fall of Princes, bk. v. capp. 12 and 27. 574. Walsingham relates how, in 1381, Jakke Straw and his men killed many Flemings 'cum clamore consueto.' He also speaks of the noise made by the rebels as 'clamor horrendissimus.' See Jakke in Tyrwhitt's Glossary. 580. houped. See Piers Plowman, ed. Wright, p. 127, 'houped after Hunger, that herde hym,' &c.; or ed. Skeat (Clarendon Press), B. vi. 174. 625. My Lord. A side-note in MS. E. explains this to refer to the Archbishop of Canterbury; probably William Courtenay, archbishop from 1381 to 1396. ADDITIONAL NOTE TO THE KNIGHTES TALE; 1. 319. The note on p. 175 may be amended. The fable is practically the same as that of 'The Lion, the Tiger, and the Fox' in Croxall's edition of Æsop's Fables. In the modern edition by James (London, 1852), it is Fable No. 141, and is entitled 'The Lion, the Bear, and the Fox.' See N. and Q. 7 S. vi. 53, 90, 236. GLOSSARY. A=Prologue. B=Knightes Tale. c=Nonne Prestes Tale. An asterisk prefixed to a form signifies that such a form is theoretical. A. A, one, single. A. S. án, Ger. ein, one; Eng. indef. article an or a. Cf. M. E. o, oo, one; ta, to, the one, the first. A, in, on; cf. a-night, B 184; amorwe, A 822; a-day, in the day, B 1765; a Goddes name, in God's name, A 854; a-three, in three, B 2076. Cf. Mod. Eng. a-foot, asleep, a-hunting, a-building, &c. A. S. and O. S. an, in, on. It is still used in the South of England. Abbey, abbey: C 34. Able, fit, capable, adapted: A 167. Lat. habilis (Lat. habeo, to have), convenient, fit: O.F. habile, able, expert, fit. Aboghte (the pret. of abegge or abye), atoned for, suffered for: B 1445; pp. aboght, 2242. A. S. ábycgan, to redeem, pay the purchase-money, to pay the penalty (from bycgan, to buy). Abrayde, started (suddenly), awoke: c 188. A. S. bregdan, to move, turn, weave; Icel. bregða, to draw out a sword, to pull down, to awake, to leap. The M. E. braide has all these meanings, and signifies also to cry out suddenly, to scold; whence Eng. braid, upbraid. The A.S. brægd, bregd, Icel. bragð, signifies a sudden start, blow, deceit; hence the M. E. phrase 'at a braid,'in a trice. The Icel. brago is also applied to the features or to the gestures, by which an individual is characterized; hence Prov. Eng. braid, to resemble, pretend; Eng. braid, appearance (Bailey). Shakespeare uses braid = braided, of deceitful manner. Abregge, to shorten, abridge: B 2141. F. a-breger; Lat. abbreviare. Cf. M. E. agregge, agredge, to aggravate, from F. aggréger (from Lat. gravis). Abyde, Abyden (pret. abod, abood; pp. abiden), abide, delay, wait for, await: B 69, 2124; C 260. A. S. abidan, bídan, to wait, remain; Goth. beidan, to expect. Accomplice, to accomplish: B 2006. Accord, Acord, agreement: A 838, C 59. Achat, purchase: A 571. O. F. achepter, to buy; F. acheter, It. accattare, to acquire, get; Low Lat. accaptare. Cf. M. E. acates, cates, victuals, provision, delicacies; catery, store-room; Eng. cater. F. achat, purchase. Achatour, purchaser, caterer: A 568. See Achat. Acordaunt, according to, agreeing, suitable: A 37. Acorde, to agree, suit: A 244, 830; pp. Acorded, B 356. F. accorder, to agree (from Lat. cor, the heart). Adamant, adamant: B 1132. Gr. ἀ-δάμας (α privative, δαμάω, to tame, subdue), the hardest metal, probably steel (also the diamond); whence Eng. adamantine. 'In adamantine chains and penal fire.'-Milton, Par. Lost, i. 48. Adamant is sometimes (but incorrectly) applied to the magnet or loadstone. Cf. Well she's a most attractive adamant.-T. Heywood, ed. Collier, p. 8. Adoun, down, downwards, below: A 393; cf. doun, B 245. A.S. ofdúne (cf. O. F. à val, to the valley, downwards), from the hill, downwards; from dún, a hill, down. Adrad, pp. in great dread, afraid : A 605. Cf. M. E. of-drad, much afraid; where the prefix of is intensitive, like for-, Lat. per-. Aferd, Afered, in great fear, afraid: .: A 628, B 660. Cf. M. E. ferd, ferdnesse, fear; offered, much afraid. See Adrad. Affeccioun, affection, hope: B 300. Affermed, confirmed: B 1491. Affrayed, terrified, scared: C 458. F. effrayer, to scare, appal; effroi, terror: whence affray. Affyle, to file, polish: A 712. F. affiler, It. affilare, to sharpen : F. fil, edge; Lat. filum, a thread. Afright, in fright, afraid: c 75. From A. S. fyrhtu, fright. Cf.Goth. faurhts, timid. Agast, terrified, aghast: B 1483; Agaste him, was terrified: B 1566. Cf. M. E. gastlic, ghastly, gastnes, fear; A. S. gæstan, Goth. us-gaisjan, to terrify; us-geisnan, to be amazed; Dan. gys, terror. Agayn, Ageyn, again, against, towards: A 66, 801. A.S. ongéan, on-gén, a-gén, opposite, towards, against; géan, opposite, against; O. Sw. gen, opposite; Ger. gegen, against. Agon, Agoon, gone, past, B 418, 924; the past participle of M. E. verb agon, to go, pass away. A. S. ágán, ágangan. We also meet with ygo in the same sense, and some etymologists have erroneously supposed that the prefix a- is a corruption of y-. Agrief, in grief: C 73. To take it agrief' to take it amiss, feel aggrieved, be displeased. Al, all, whole (cf. al a=a whole, A 584); quite, wholly (cf. al redy, al armed, &c.); although (cf. al speke he, al have I, al be it): A 71, 76, 297, 734, B 1406. See Alle. Alaunts, a species of dog: B 1290. They were used for hunting the boar. Sp.and Ital.alano. Tyrwhitt says they were much esteemed in Italy in the fourteenth century. Gualv. de la Flamma (ap. Murator. Antiq. Med. Æ. t. ii. p. 394) commends the governors of Milan 'quod equos emissarios equabus magnis commiscuerunt, et procreati sunt in nostro territorio DESTRARII nobiles, qui in magno pretio habentur. Item CANES ALANOS altae staturae et mirabilis fortitudinis nutrire studuerunt.' Al be, although: A 297. Alderbest. See Aller. Ale-stake, a horizontal stake projecting from an ale-house to support a sign, A 667; ' le moy d'une taverne' (Palsgrave). It appears that a bush was often placed at the end of the ale-stake. Algate, always: A 571. M.E. algates; cf. swagate, thus; North Prov. Eng. gate, way; Eng. gait; Icel. gata, a path; Sw. gata, way, street. Alighte, (pp. alight), alighted: A 722, B 125. Cf. the phrase 'to light upon.' A. S. álihtan, to descend, alight. Alle, pl. of al (all): A 26, 53 Aller, of all (gen. pl. of al). The older forms are alra, alre, aller, later alder, alther; our aller, of us all, A 823; hir aller, of them all, A 586; alderbest, best of all, A 710, &c. The insertion of d or th serves merely to strengthen the word, as in lend, spend (older forms lene, spene). Alliaunce, alliance: B 2115. F. allier, to ally; Lat. ligare, to tie ; alligare, to bind. Also, as: A 730. A.S. ealswá; Amonges, amongst: A 759. Anlas (or Anelace), a kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at the girdle: A 357. Anoint, anointed: A 199. Anon, Anoon, in one (instant), anon: A 32. M. E. an an, or on an. en Apalled, become weak, feeble, B 2195; originally made pale.' Chaucer speaks of 'an old appalled wight,' i. e. a man feebled through old age. It is connected with O. F. appalir, to grow pale; see Murray's Dict. Apayd, pleased, satisfied: B IOIO. F. payer, to satisfy, pay (Lat. pacare); whence M. E. pay, satisfaction, gratification, pleasure; Eng. pay. Ape, metaphorically, a fool: A 706. Apothecarie, apothecary: A 425. Apparailling, preparation: B 2055. F. appareiller, to fit, suit; pareil, like; Lat. par, equal, like. The original meaning of appareiller is to join like to like. Appetyt, desire, appetite: B 822. Apyked, trimmed: A 365. See Piked. Aqueyntaunce, acquaintance: A 245. Arest, a support for the spear. when couched for the attack: B1744. It is sometimes written rest. And there was a squyer called Albert of Colayne, he turned and couched the spere in the rest, and came rennyng agaynst the lorde of Poytrell.'— Berner's Froissart, i. 68. Areste, seizure, custody: B 452, c 80. Areste, to stop (a horse): A 827. Aretted, ascribed, imputed, deemed: B1871. According to Cowell a person is aretted 'that is convented before a judge, and charged with a crime." O. F. areter, aretter, to impute; from Lat. ad and reputare; see Aret in Murray's Dict. Arm-greet, as thick as a man's arm: B 1287. Armipotente, mighty in arms: B II24. Array, state, situation, dress, equipage: A 41, B 76. Arrayed, set in order, dressed, adorned, equipped: B 1188. It. arredare, to prepare, get ready; O. F. arroyer, arréer, dispose, fit out. The root is to be found in the Teutonic dialects. Cf. Sw. reda, to prepare; reda, order; A. S. rád; Ger. bereit, ready; Dan. rede, plain, straight, clear. Arrerage, arrears: A 602. Arresten, to stop, seize, C 200. F. arrester (from Lat. restare, to stand still), to bring one to stand, to seize his person. Ars-metrik, arithmetic: B 1040. Arwe, arrow: A 104. A.S. arewe; Icel. ör (gen. örvar). Aryve, arrival, or perhaps disembarkation (of troops): A 60. F. arriver, to arrive, from Lat. ad-ripare, to come to shore (ripa, shore). As, as if: A 636, C 570. Aslake, to moderate, appease: B 902. Icel. slakr, loose; Norw. slekkja, to make slack, to slake, quench; slokna, to go out, faint; M. E. sloke. With this root we must connect A. S. slacian, relax, slack; sleac, slack; also slacklime, slag of a furnace. As nouthe, As now, at present: A 462, B1406. Cf. M.E. as-swide, immediately; as-now, als-tite, at once. nouðe A. S. nú (now) and dá (then). See Nouthe. A-sonder, asunder: A 491. Assaut, assault: B 131. F. assaillir, to assail; saillir, to leap, sally; Lat. salire, to leap, spring. Assayed, tried: B 953. F. essayer, to try, essay. Asseged, besieged: B 23. F.siège; It. sedia, seggia, a seat or sitting; It. assedio, with same sense as Lat. obsidium, the sitting down before a town in a hostile way. Asshen, ashes: B 444. Assyse, assize: A 314. F. asseoir, to set (Lat. assidere); assis, set, seated; assise, a settled tax; cour d'assise, a court held on a set day. Cf. It. assisa, a settled pattern of dress; Eng. size. Astat, estate, rank. See Estat. Asterte, to escape, B 737: PP. astert, B 734. See Sterte. Astoned, astonished: B 1503. |