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is a foundation-principle in the Constitutions of the respective States, distinguishing America from every nation in Europe; and resting religion on its proper basis, as supported by its own evidence and the almighty care of its Divine Author, without the aid of the feeble, angry arm of civil power, which serves only to disgrace the name and religion of Jesus, by violating the rights of conscience." Philadelphia, printed; Boston, reprinted; and sold by T. & J. Fleet, MDCCLXXXIV.'

We conclude with the testimony of the Archbishop himself. "All credit and all gratitude to the liberality of the great men who framed that document, who were almost, if not altogether PROTESTANTS!" Catholic Chapter, p. 10.

Had we time or space to add another article to the American Protestant creed it should be this:

ARTICLE VII. Protestantism is nothing more than Christianity itself in its legitimate relations to the civil and religious rights of man.

This then in brief is our argument. The tyranny of the Catholic kingdoms of Europe was the guilty cause of the expatriation of their Protestant subjects. The men who settled the original thirteen colonies were Protestants seeking refuge from oppression. It was the Protestant arm that fought the battles of the American Revolution. Protestantism is the cementing principle of our Union. Our National Congress was originally Protestant, and never can the Catholic historian prove his assertion, that "this is not a Protestant more than a Catholic country," until he can assert as much, with truth, of them, and put their name in history wherever that of Protestant now is. Meanwhile, let him remember the advice in Romans xi. 17, 18: "If some of the branches be broken off, and thou being a wild olive-tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive-tree; boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee."

As to the generous offer to constitute Romanism the Palladium of American liberty, we are reminded of a story which

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honest Thomas Fuller tells out of Camden's Brittania. read how Pope Pius the fourth had a great ship, richly laden, landed at Sandwich in Kent, where it suddenly sunk, and so with the sands choked up the harbor, that ever since that place hath been deprived of the benefit thereof. I see that happiness doth not alway attend the adventures of his holiness. Would he had carried away his ship and left us our harbor. May his spiritual merchandise never come into this island, but rather sink in Tiber than sail thus far, bringing so small good and so great annoyance. Sure he is not so happy in opening the doors of heaven, as he is unhappy to obstruct the havens of earth." Good Thoughts in Bad Times. Hist. App. xi.

Judging from recent developments, his holiness and his mitred assistants here are beginning to find it quite as much as they can do to take care of their own denomination, without the additional care of the nation at large. Leaving out the colored population, eighteen millions of Protestants can much more easily take care of two millions of Catholics, than two millions of Catholics take care of eighteen millions of Protestants. As yet the Irish number a little over two millions, the Germans a little under that number, the French only half a million, the Anglo-Saxon, by birth or blood, FIFTEEN MILLIONS. The country is safe from Romanism. Would that it were equally safe from Infidelity!

ARTICLE III.

1. The Gorgias of PLATO, chiefly according to Stallbaum's Text; with Notes, by THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, Professor of Greek in Yale College. Boston, 1842. pp. 233.

2. The Knights of ARISTOPHANES, with notes, critical and explanatory, adapted to the use of Schools and Universities, by T. MITCHELL, A. M., late Fellow of Sydney-Sussex College, Cambridge. London, Murray, 1836. pp. 283.

3. Julius Cæsar. By WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

4. Reflections on the Revolution in France. By the Right Honorable EDMUND BURKE. Sixth edition. London, 1790.

5. Sermons on Modern Infidelity, by the Rev. ROBERT HALL. Works in Six Volumes. Edited by Olynthus Gregory. London, 1832. 6. Address before the Literary Societies of Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. By the Hon. WILLIAM WIRT. 1832.

7. Speeches delivered in the Congress of the United States during the Session of 1851-52, as reported in the Washington Republic, Union, and National Intelligencer.

THE above list of publications, we dare say, strikes the reader as rather miscellaneous. We should have put at their head the Book of the Prophecy of Isaiah but for our deep reverence for the inspired volume, forbidding us in any way to mingle it with earthly wisdom or wit. If the reader will run his eye over the list and recall the impressions he received when he read each severally, he will observe that the animal which we are about to hunt is a leading object in them all. A miserable creature indeed in himself, but connected with issues of vast importance. But to our task.

In all ages and nations inequalities of intellectual power and social position exist. Whatever be the philosophy, the fact is unquestionable. In ancient Israel and ancient Athens, there were found, as there are are found now in modern Europe and America, classes, denominated by the pen of inspira

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tion, "the head and tail," "branch and rush."* cient and honorable," the eminent for wisdom, of matured intellect, ripened experience, conservative principles and sound judgment, "he is the head,"-deserves in every well regulated community to occupy a commanding position and exert a controlling influence. "And the prophet that teacheth lies," the demagogue, the self-appointed guide of public opinion, the despicable panderer to vile human passions, who gains influence by uttering falsehood and villany, and retains it by impudence, "he is the tail"-is and ought to be deemed the last, lowest and meanest element of the social structure.

This "tail" of society, the demagogue, whether described by the hand of inspired truth, or by the ancient comedian or satirist, has characteristic features which are forever re-appearing. The portrait drawn by Isaiah or Aristophanes, is a life likeness, a perfect daguerreotype of the same species of the "genus homo" in our day, figuring in party newspapers, busy at political conventions, noisy in stump speeches. "The leaders of this people," says the prophet, "cause them to err, and they that are led by them are destroyed." "Demagogue" and "leader of the people," are equally allowable translations of the original Hebrew word here used, one being of Greek derivation and the other pure Saxon. "They that are led of them," the victims of the demagogue, were called in old Saxon, the "lewd," (see Acts xvii. 5.) derived from a word corresponding to gregarius in Latin, "following their leader as sheep." The Holy Ghost has not deemed it unworthy of inspiration to give a portrait of the character, arts, and ultimate influence of the demagogue, the lineal descendant of "the prophet that speaketh lies."

This picture, which the Spirit of God hath delineated, is worthy of profound meditation. Our pages are consecrated to the exhibition and enforcement of truth and duty in all the relations of human life. Politics, in the proper sense of the word, can no more be safely divorced from religion, than Church and State can be safely united. Woe to our country when the

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demagogue succeeds in persuading Christians and ministers to have nothing to do with politics! The literal meaning and marginal rendering of the phrase, "the leaders of the people," give us a key at once to their character and arts. "They that call them blessed," are those that flatter their prejudices and foster their pride and self-esteem. "They that are led of them" are "those that are called blessed," the dupes of their flattery and deception. These "are destroyed." The arts of the demagogue are flattery and deception; the result, the destruction of the flattered and deceived. "He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising up early in the morning, it shall turn to a curse to him."

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The demagogue, in all ages and countries, deals largely in flattery of the people. He calls the people blessed"—represents them as the fountain of power, oracles of wisdom, the depositories of influence and conservators of virtue. The "dear people," "blessed be the people," are the familiar formularies of his benediction. In the same way he represents himself as par excellence, "ami du peuple." In distinction from the aristocrat and the honorable, he has a warm sympathy for the masses, their grievous burdens and manifold oppressions. If he happen to have been born of poor parentage, he represents himself as one of themselves, a working man, one who understands by experience the privations and injuries of the dear people, and the insolence and insufferable wrong-doings of the elevated and prospered. If he can appeal to actually hard hands, soiled by drudgery and guiltless of gloves, so much the better. If by accident of birth he belongs originally to the richer classes, it constitutes a part of his capital that, out of pure sympathy and disinterested kindness, he has descended to the level of those whom he ardently loved, and for whose welfare he is willing both to labor and suffer. Sometimes he carries out his flattery in a way exceedingly palatable to the people and profitable to himself, by conforming in dress, language and manners to those whom he designs to influence. By affected boorishness of costume, rudeness, and if need be, filthiness of language, and outrage of all the conventional proprieties of refined life and manners, he gives emphasis to his words of sympathy, and embodies his flattery by trampling on all that is cir

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