CHAPTER IX.-INFLUENCE.

1, Law of influence. 2, In pre-existing nature. 3, In man, a self-

knowing and self-governing power. 5, Capable of constant increase. 6,

Imprints himself on nature, and subordinates it. 7, Influence on his

fellow-man. 8, With God. 9, And is himself influenced

CHAPTER X.-SUBORDINATION.

230

1, Law of subordination. 2, Man's nature a constitution. 3, Motives,

their graduated rank. 7, Corresponding rank of their external objects.

9, Supremacy of that which points to the Divine will. 10, Influence of

ideas superior to that of brute force. 11, Moral ideas supreme. 12, Man's

influence on others determined by his moving principle. 13, The loftiness

of his aim. 14, The entireness of his pursuit. 15, Ranks according to his

influence. 16, Law of influence, one of improvement.

CHAPTER XI. - OBLIGATION.

235

1, Law of obligation. 2, Every part of man's nature under obligation

- physical — sentient-reflective, &c. 11, Obligation progressive. 12,

What he might have been, determines obligation. 13, His obligations to

the objective universe. 14, As he is sentient-reflective, &c. 20, To

obey God, supreme. 21, From the constitution of things. 22, And, as

such, suited to our nature. 23, Obligation continuous. 24, Increasing.

25, Varying. 26, Universal. 27, If violated, by him remediless. 28, De-

pendence and duty of primitive man. 29, Ground of obligation.

CHAPTER XII.-UNIFORMITY OF GENERAL LAWS.

243

1, Obligation presupposes Law. 2, Conformity to law of pre-existing

nature. 3, Uniformity conditional. 4, Wrong distinct from guilt. 6,

Consequences of guilt. 7, How man may know the natural laws under

which he is placed. 8, And his moral obligation. 9, How far these laws

suffice-defects of natural religion. 10, Ignorance and depravity do not

absolve from law. 12, Nature an instrument of moral government. 13,

Not exclusive of providential superintendence

CHAPTER XIII.- WELL-BEING.

258

1, Law of well-being. 2, Internal conditions of, co-existent. 3, Succes-

sively existent. 4, Viewing man as progressive-habit. 5, From habit

results character. 6, Objective conditions of well-being. 9, Man the

subject of moral government — pain. 11, The system only partially devel-

oped here- punishment inheres. 13, Natural religion-its office

insufficiency. 16, The kind of revelation necessary. 17, Character, ulti-

mately a self-formation. 18, Primal prohibition meant to teach this. 19,

Man's yearning after ideal perfection. 20, His departure from it admits

of infinite diversity

CHAPTER XIV. - CONTINGENCE OR DEPENDENCE.

-

267

1, System to which man belongs dependent. 2, The time of his crea-

tion. 3, His earliest locality-his constitution-that of the planet he

B

inhabits — and his knowledge. 8, With a view to his freedom. 9, His

immortality, a gift. 10, Paradisiacal arrangements. 11, Danger of sup-

posing himself independent-provided against. 13, Man, subjectively

dependent-three theories. 14, Divine sustentation differs with the dif

ferent parts of man. 15, The whole an illustration of Divine Sove-

reignty

285

CHAPTER XV.-ULTIMATE FACTS.

-

1, Ultimate facts, what? 2, Law, what? 3, Not equivalent to cause —

explains nothing. 4, Three modes of treating on ultimate facts of nature

-as inherent causes - laws-effects of a Divine Agent. 7, Nature, an

ultimate fact-life-sensation - instinct-mind. 12, Ground of belief

in external existence, ultimate the cause of man's existence- charac-

ter-power of prayer-idea of a moral quality in actions-of immor-

tality and of moral evil. 19, Every part of man's constitution points

to an ultimate fact

-

CHAPTER XVI.-NECESSARY TRUTH.

295

1, Relation of ultimate facts to necessary truth. 2, Necessary truth

distinguished-implied-characterized-instances of. 6, Ideas of free-

dom-right-perfection- law, &c. 10, As conscious of it, man com-

munes with the Infinite mind

CHAPTER XVII.-ANALOGY.

309

1, General proposition. 2, First, man, constructed on a plan. 3, His

intellect related to the great system. 4, His emotions classify their

objects. 5, His moral nature finds its proper objects without. 6, His well-

being proportioned to the harmony of his constitution and condition. 7,

Original perfection of the adjustment. 8, Secondly, the human dispensa-

tion introduced like others. 9, When the earth was suited to man. 10,

Without deranging nature. 11, Moral government only an advance

probation. 12, Continuity of existence, not without analogies. 14, So,

also, probation. 15, Possibility of failure. 16, Direct revelation no objec-

tion. 17, Difficulties analogous. 18, Thirdly, universal classification, prin-

ciples of order- illustration - characteristics. 22, Places man at the

head of creation. 23, Gives every man "his own place." 24, On what

grounds. 25, The final classification

CHAPTER XVIII.-CHANGE.

-

-

314

1, Will man fall? 2, Will his probationary stage be succeeded by

another? 3, The law of change · illustrated. 5, In relation to proba

tionary man. 6, Probationary conditions fulfilled- man free and de-

pendent- -means of verifying both. 9, His first sin. 10, Made sensible

of his dependence. 11, But is his holiness adequately illustrated? 12,

Adequately for whom? 14, Conditions of change. 15, The first inap-

plicable. 16, The second fulfilled-God himself satisfied. 18, The third

fulfilled

337

SECOND PART.

THE REASON OF THE METHOD.

CHAPTER XIX.

SECTION I.-The reason which belongs to man's constitution, and involves

his well-being.

1, Stated. 2, Method in creation essential. 3, That the objective con-

ditions of science might exist. 4, The subjective. 5, That philosophy

and natural theology might be possible. 6, And man's development and

probation. 7, His physical adjustment, and its liabilities. 8, Sensation,

and its liabilities. 9, His power of belief on evidence, of reason, imagi-

nation, speech, gesture, emotion, and their respective dangers. 15, His

motives, in which the material and the spiritual are balanced -the present

and future-one and many—the limited and the unlimited. 19, Dangers

of the undue development of the intellect-the emotions-the different

classes of motives. 22, Men distributable into two classes · -one seeking

to enlarge their freedom, the other to reduce it. 24, Every period of life

on probation-why-nothing man's except by experience-conditions

of it-why are his powers only thus ascertainable. 29, Conditions of the

trial-advantages of it-folly of pushing the inquiry further

351

SECTION II.-The reason which relates to the Divine all-sufficiency, and

includes man's destiny.

1, All possible creations not desirable-the possible development of

man makes it unnecessary. 5, Every individual, community, period, and

branch of the human family different. 10, Different worlds. 11, Each

family, nation, age, and world, treated distinctly, and apart, yet, as a whole.

16. Reasons, physical, moral, and Divine. 17, The spiritual creation has a

universal law as well as the material. 19, Universe ever receiving acces-

sions. 20, Probable limit to this view. 21, Some of the conditions of a

Revelation. 22, Man's wants multiplied indefinitely by the diversity of

character which sin makes possible. 23, And by the perversion of every

remedial interposition. 24, He may have to exhaust these possibilities.

25, This not necessary. 26, Divine resources illustrated by every new

complication. 27, Their inconceivableness. 28, While on probation,

each world probably has to confine itself chiefly to its own special history.

-

SECTION III. — The two-fold reason in its application to the first man.

373

1, He takes his place in the great system. 2, Present existence of
sin assumed. 3, The first law- -a test of character still. 5, Implied the
harmony of man's constitution with itself and with the universe. 8, The
arrangement combined the minimum of liability with the maximum of
advantage. 9, Reasonableness of the law-three-fold adaptation. 11,
The temptation of a counterbalance. 12, The particular test selected.
14, Personal consequences of the Fall. 15, The outward act indicative
of a state of mind. 16, How sin began - how it depraves. 18, Deprava-
tion-guilt-changed condition-special provision withdrawn -ex-
emption from dissolution repealed. 23, Nothing arbitrary. 24, Effect on

posterity. 27, Breach of moral, worse than of material law. 28, Princi

ple of the probationary law universal. 29, Was evil foreseen?-could it

have been prevented? power and danger of sinning, distinct. 32, Evil,

subordinated to good- and to a further proof of the Divine resources.

34, God's subjective hatred to sin. 35, The great Lesson of man's trial ·

still pursued, as a leading principle of Divine procedure

-

392

THIRD PART.

THE ULTIMATE END.

CHAPTER XX.

SECTION I.- Power.

1, Proofs of, brought forward- ever increasing. 3, Man himself a

power-enabling him to apprehend the power of the Creator-and to

reason from a limited cause to the unlimited. 6, His influence over mind

gives him the profoundest conception of power

SECTION II. - Wisdom.

419

1, Proofs of, brought forward. 2, New evidences of, in man's means of

knowledge-power of classification-emotions - will and conscience.

6, In his internal relations-successively existent. 8, Various illustrations

of design. 9, Estimated numerically. 10, Tests of. 11, The first man

exhibited all these illustrations of. 12, Man finds his wisdom in searching

after God's

SECTION III.— Goodness.

422

1, Past proofs of, repeated in man, and exceeded. 2, A constitution

for enjoyment-ever-increasing. 4, His primitive condition corresponded

-activity without toil-a help-meet-a sabbath-progressive develop-

ment consulted-Divine instruction — exemption from death. 10, Pro-

bation, benevolent-its result made the occasion of good. 12, As mere

proof of, all this in excess-prospectively, greater still

SECTION IV. - Holiness.

428

1, Already proved, by another race. 2, In addition, man organized for

virtue. 3, His instincts subservient to it-his reason-himsa self-

judicature virtue made pleasurable- and progressive. 8, External

arrangements correspond-physical-instinctive-social-sympathetic

-infantine - tasteful useful. 17, His mind an image of the Divine-

subject to limits. 19, His probation illustrative of Divine holiness-and

his failure-and its results. 22, Angelic conceptions of that holiness.

23, Possible conjunction of the two economies- conjecture falls short of

reality. 25, Man may well wait for results. His first crisis

NOTE

INDEX

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436

453

460

1. MAN was not made for the earth; the earth, from the first, had been preparing for man, and we are to suppose that now, at length, the hour of his creation had arrived. Often, we

believe, since the material of the earth was at first called into existence, had vast spaces on its surface become "formless and waste," and "darkness" had hung "on the face of the deep." And as often had the creative will recalled it from chaos, and restored it to order and beauty. But even each of these successive wrecks of the earth had looked on beyond itself, and had a respect to the coming of man; and each of the new creations which followed had formed part of a system of means of which he was to be the subordinate end. For him, volcanic fires had fused and crystallized the granite, and piled it up into lofty table-lands. The never-wearied water had, for him, worn and washed it down into extensive valleys and plains of vegetable soil. For him, the earth had often vibrated with electrical shocks, and had become interlaced with rich metallic veins. Ages of comparative quiet had followed each great revolution of nature, during some of which the long-accumulating vegetables of preceding periods were, for him, transmuted into stores of fuel; the ferruginous deposits of primeval waters were becoming iron; and successive races of destroyed animals were changed into masses of useful limestone. The interior of the