Route Surveying

AASHO aerial alignment Approx approximately Arc Definition balance lines ball bank Base Base Base borrow pits calculation center line central angle Chord Definition Chord or Arc circular arc compound curve computed construction contour Corr Corr correction cot Sec cross-sections curvature Defl deflection angle degree of curve design speed determined earthwork easement edge elevations engineer equal equation equilibrium speed example feet field formula frog full stations given grade haul highway horizontal layout long chord maximum measured method middle ordinate OHNNY osculating circle parabola pavement Pennsylvania Turnpike photogrammetry practice problem radius Rail railroad recommended relation reverse curve right-of-way RL-RS route surveying set-up sight distance simple curve slip angles slope stakes station stakes subchords subgrade superelevation rate Table tangent offsets tape tion topography track transit traverse triangle turnout values vehicle vers Versine Exsec Sec vertical curve widening Width