DRURY, JOSEPH, a classical scholar and divine, head master of Harrow, acknowledged by Lord Byron as the best and worthiest friend he ever possessed,' 1750-1834. DRUSILLA, JULIA, a daughter of Germanicus and DRUSIUS, JOHN, a Germ. critic, 1550-1616. DRUSUS, M. L., a Roman tribune 122 B.C., con- [Dryden's House in Fetter Lane.] into the form of dialogues. In this unnatural but seductive class of compositions Dryden was unsurpassed; and, amidst all their exaggeration and unreality, his Tragic Dramas are works of great genius. His Comedies, belonging to the Spanish school which had become so popular, and whose chief merit was sought in complex ingenuity of plot, have little literary value; and they are tainted, as deeply as any plays of their time, by the moral depravity which disgraced the restored English stage till after the close of the seventeenth century. Indeed, the pain which one feels in seeing the intellectual powers of Dryden wasted on his serious dramas, is aggravated when we contemplate the moral degradation displayed by his comic ones.-Hardly less mortifying is it to know, that the great poet was conscious of his own inaptitude for the writing of plays; and that he panted to display, on a field better adapted to his diffusive genius, the pomp of imagery, the strength of passion, and the magnificent skill of versification, which he felt to be but ill bestowed on his heroic and tragic pieces of theatrical declamation. It was the cherished dream of his life to give to the English language a national epic, whose theme would probably have been the exploits of the romantic King Arthur. There are, in fact, two circumstances only that can at all console us for the lamentable misapplication of Dryden's labor. In the first place, the writing of his heroic plays served as his apprenticeship to the art of versification and expression. Out of his rhymed dialogue arose that mastery of the English heroic couplet which he was the first to acquire, and in which no succeeding poet has nearly equalled him. Secondly, the prefaces, dedications, and essays, with which he accompanied his dramas, exhibited him at once as the earliest writer of regular and elegant English prose, and as the DRYDEN, JOHN, born in 1631, was the grandson first who can be said to have aimed in our language of Sir Erasmus Dryden, or Driden, of Canons-Ashby, at any thing like philosophical criticism. Those in Northamptonshire. From his father, the third prose fragments of his are still instructive to the critic son of the family, he inherited a small estate, yield- of poetry; and they contain some of the most feliciing fifty or sixty pounds a-year. He was sent from tous specimens of style which our tongue has ever Westminster School to Trinity College, Cambridge, produced.-During the few years next after the Reswhere he resided till 1657. For the next three toration, dramatic composition was almost his only years he was engaged in public business in London, employment. Of his heroic plays of this period, under his mother's cousin, Sir Gilbert Pickering, a which were written in rhyme, the finest were the puritan, and a partisan of Cromwell. His principal two parts of The Conquest of Granada.' He was kinsman on the father's side,' belonged to the same under an engagement to write plays for the king's party. Thus trained and thus connected, he began theatre, which gave him an income of more than his literary career by verses on the death of the Pro- three hundred a-year: in 1665 his circumstances tector; but his disinclination to the principles in were a little improved by his uncomfortable marwhich he had been brought up, and the vacillation riage with Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of the of opinions by which he was distinguished through earl of Berkshire; and in 1670 he received with a life, showed themselves very speedily. The Restora- salary (irregularly paid) of two hundred a-year and tion occurring when he was in his thirtieth year, ex- the famous butt of wine, the joint offices of historiocluded him for the time from government employ-grapher-royal and poet-laureate. In the latter part ment and patronage; and he at once devoted him- of Charles's reign the fashion in dramatic matters self to literature as a profession. Having to rely on began to change: and this, with jealousies of playit for support, he did not long content himself with wrights and courtiers, gave birth to the celebrated obscure drudgery in prose, or with verses, though he burlesque play called 'The Rehearsal,' of which Drywrote many, on public events. Yet his Annus Mi- den, under the nick-name of Bays, was the principal rabilis, celebrating the eventful year 1666, presaged victim. Politics now offered to the laureate a new his eminence as a descriptive and didactic poet. But kind of theme, of which he availed himself by pubthe stage, now restored, and becoming the fashion-lishing, in 1681, his 'Absalom and Achitophel, the able amusement, offered itself as the only means through which his pen could furnish a livelihood; and, in the course of twenty-five years, he wrote twenty-seven dramas. The most remarkable of these were his Heroic Plays, pieces of a kind which, imported from France, were the favorites during the greater part of the reign of Charles II. These have aptly been described by Sir Walter Scott as being just metrical romances of chivalry thrown 6 best of all poetical satires. 'The Medal' and 'MacFlecknoe,' works of the same kind, followed immediately. Now, likewise, he began to write tragedy in blank verse, All For Love' being his most sucsessful experiment of the kind. In the Religie Laici,' also, he presented to the public, in 1682, his first elaborate attempt at didactic poetry. The tone of hesitation, and the character of the arguments, adopted in this defence of the Church of England, [Dryden's Tomb in Westminster Abbey.] betrayed a state of mind leading by an easy progress to the change of faith which the poet soon avowed. In 1685, soon after the accession of James II., Dryden was received into the Church of Rome. His conversion secured him in court favor, and was rewarded by an addition of a hundred pounds a-year to his pension. But it was probably sincere, and the new creed was unflinchingly adhered to when it had become unprofitable and dangerous. It produced rich poetical fruit in 'The Hind and the Panther,' in which the dryness of dissertation is enlivened by ingenious allegory.-The Revolution, taking place in the poet's fifty-seventh year, deprived him of his pensions, and of his royal and courtly patrons; but it neither lowered the place which he had held as the first poet of his time, nor damped the ardor of his literary exertions. The last twelve years of his life, though spent in hard toil and under heavy discouragements, produced some of his best works. In 1690 he gave to the stage his tragedy of ' Don Sebastian,' the best and most interesting of his serious plays. In 1697, amidst many other labors, he threw off at a heat his Alexander's Feast,' one of the most animated of all lyrical poems, though not conceived in the highest tone of lyrical inspiration. In the same year appeared his nobly spirited translation of Virgil, for which he had trained himself by previous versions from the classics published in the volumes he called 'Miscellanies.' Lastly, in the spring of 1700, were published his 'Fables,' in which, imitating in verse the prose of Boccaccio, and remodelling (not always for the better) the antique poetical pictures of Chaucer, he not only showed that his warm imagination burned as brightly as ever, but that his metrical skill had been increasing to the close of his life. That life was about to end. Gout and gravel had long disturbed him; and erysipelas in one of his legs, terminating in mortifica tion, destroyed him on May-day, 1700. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, between the grave of Chaucer and that of Cowley. [W.S.] DUANE, JAMES, the first mayor of New York after its surrender by Great Britain. He died in Albany, 1797. DUANE, Wм., an American journalist, editor of the Aurora,' a paper distinguished for its able advocacy of Thomas Jefferson and his opinions. Died 1835, aged 76. DUBARRAN, BARBEAU, a mem. of the French convention and Com. of Public Safety, 1750-1816. DUBOCAGE, G. B., a Fr. canal eng., 1626-1696. DUBOIS, ANTHONY, Baron, a dis. French surgeon, appointed accouch. to the empress, 1756-1837. DUBOIS, EDWARD, a periodical writer and journalist, dis. in light literature, 1755-1850. BUBOIS, G., a French historian, 1628-1696. DUBOIS, JR., a French sculptor, 1626-1694. DUBOIS, J. B., a French essayist, 1753-1808. DUBOIS, P., a French savant, 1636-1703. DUBOIS, P. G., a French translator, 1626-1694. DUBOIS, WILLIAM, a French cardinal and statesman, justly branded in his. as infamous, 1656-1723. DUBOIS-CRANCE, EDMUND LOUIS ALEXIS. Dubois-Crancé performed a part in the French revolution which may be related in a few words, but from which the most important consequences have resulted. He was the propounder of that formidable military engine known as the conscription, the first idea of which he submitted to the national convention in 1793 as reporter of the military commission. 'In a nation that would be free, when surrounded by powerful neighbors and rent by faction,' he remarks, 'it behoves every citizen to be a soldier and every soldier to be a citizen, and if there is no hope of this, France is near the term of her annihilation. If you once tolerate exemptions and substitutes, all is lost.' The advice of this stern soldier and honest republican was responded to by a decree for the levy of 300,000 men, with promotion from the ranks, and shortly afterwards by Barrère's fa mous proclamation for a levy en masse. One other memorable service was performed for the republic by Dubois-Crancé, in the reduction of Lyons, and such was the esteem in which his military talents were held that he was appointed, in 1799, the successor of Bernadotte as minister of war. He was a stout oppo nent of the revolution by which Napoleon attained the supreme power, and ever after remained in the obscurity of private life. He is the author of several military and political memoirs published between 1789 and 1804, and of two pamphlets written against Barrère, 1795. Born at Charleville 1747, died at Rhétel, 1814. [E.R.] DUBOIS, JOHN, a Roman Catholic bishop of New York, was born in Paris, emigrated to the United States in 1791, died 1842, aged 78. DUBOS, J. B., a Fr. lit. savant, 1670-1742. DUBOST, A., a Fr. painter, 1769-1825. DUBOUCHAGE, F. J. GRATET, Viscount, a Fr. minis. of marine under the Bourbons, 1749-1821. DUBOURDIEN, J. a Fr. controv. wr., 1652-1720. DUBRAW, J. S., an his. of Bohemia, d. 1553. DUBUISSON, P. U., a Fr. dramatist, executed as an accomplice of Hebert, 1748-1794. DUCANGE, VICTOR, a Fr. novelist, 1783-1833. DUCAREL, A. C., a Fr. antiquar., 1713-1785. DUCASSE, J. B., a celebrated French admiral, died 1715. DUCHAL, JAMES, an Irish divine, 1697-1761. DUCHANGE, G., a Fr. engraver, 1662-1756. DUCHAT, J. LE, a Fr. author, 1658-1735. His name is not identified with any particular measures, but his oratory was brilliant, his advice listened to with respect, and his influence felt in the debates, in which he partook with indefatigable zeal. He was more tolerant than the other members of the Gironde, and labored to promote a fusion of republicans of every shade of opinion. He shared the fate of his party, though somewhat later, through the influence of Marat, and was guillotined at the early age of twenty-eight 1st November, 1794. DUCOS, ROGER, like many other actors in the French revolution, was an advocate, and embracing extreme opinions at the commencement of that epoch, succeeded in talking his way to the National Convention in 1792. He was then thirtyeight years of age, having been born in 1754. There is nothing to show from the beginning to the end of his career, that he had any other talents than those of a respectable lawyer, or any principles but those which he could adopt with the greatest eclat for the time being. In this spirit he seems to have voted for the death of the king without delay,' and afterwards opposed himself to the Girondins. In January, 1794, he served the Jacobin's Club as president, and after a few ups and downs, had settled as a magistrate in a country village, when Barras drew him from his retirement, and he became a member of the directory and the council of elders. On the 18th Brumaire (9th October, 1799), he lent [Tablet in Memory of Dr. Dache, at St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia.] warded with the third place in the provisional conhimself to the coup d'état of Napoleon, and was reDUCHE, JACOB, DD., a clergyman of the Epis-sulate, as the Abbé Sieyes was with the second. On copal Church, born in Philadelphia, and graduated there in 1757, and after his ordination in England, returned and officiated in his native city for many years as assistant minister and rector. Though conscientiously opposed to the course pursued by the colonies, he yet while chaplain of Congress gave his salary to support the families of Americans killed in battle. He endeavored to convert Washington to his views, but that general deemed it his duty to send his letter to Congress, and Dr. Duché retired to England, where he became chaplain to an orphan asylum. He died in 1798, aged 60. He was a man of great eloquence and fine abilities, and author of several religious works. DUCHER, GILBERT, a Latin poet, 16th cent. DUCHESNE, ANDREW, a French historian and geographer, celebrated for the number of his works, 1584-1640. DUCHESNE, A. N., a Fr. naturalist, 1747-1640. DUCHESNE, C., physician to Henry IV., and author of Memoirs' concerning him, date unknown. Another physician of Henry IV., named JOSEPH DUCHESNE, dis. as a chemist and poet, 1544-1609. DUCHESNE, H. G., a Fr. naturalist, 1739-1822. DUCHESNE, L., a Fr. savant, born 1588. DUCHESNOIS, J. R., a Fr. actress, 1777-1835. DUCIS, J. F., a Fr. tragic poet, 1733-1816. DUCK, ARTHUR, an Eng. jurist, 1580-1649. DUCK, STEPHEN, an Eng. poet, died 1736. DUCKWORTH, SIR J. T., an English admiral, distinguished in the West Indies during the late war, 1748-1817. the 20th, Buonaparte, Sieyes, and Ducos, held their first sitting in the Luxembourg, and on Sieyes's suggesting that one of them should act as president, Ducos promptly replied,- Vous voyez bien que c'est le général qui préside,' (the general presides of course!) Ducos seconded whatever Buonaparte proposed, and though Sieyes felt that he was reduced to a mere cipher, they proceeded to frame the new constitution, which was adopted by the votes of the people, and Buonaparte being confirmed in his office of first consul, replaced his former colleagues by Cambaceres and Lebrun. From this period Ducos is known as a member of the senate, and of the upper chamber during the hundred days. He was proscribed by the Bourbons in 1816, and died the same year in consequence of being thrown out of his carriage. His brother NICOLAS, Baron Ducos, acquired distinction as one of Napoleon's generals, and survived him many years. [E.R.] DUDLEY, EDMUND, a minister of state under Henry VII., executed with Empson at the commencement of the following reign, 1462-1510. His son JOHN, duke of Northumberland, and father of Lord Guildford Dudley, whom he married to Lady Jane Grey, executed for treason, 1502-1553. AMBROSE, another son of the duke, called the Good Earl of Warwick, 1530-1589. ROBERT, his fifth son, earl of Leicester, celebrated as the favorite of Elizabeth, 1532-1588. SIR ROBERT, son of the last named, and the Lady Douglas, celebrated for his skill in hydraulic engineering, 1573-1630. DUDLEY, SIR H. B., a noted journalist, politician, and dramatic writer, long known as a man of pleasure in London, and a magistrate, 1745-1824. DUDLEY, THE RIGHT HON. J. W. WARD, earl of foreign secretary under Canning, 1781-1833. DUCLERCQ, J., a curious annalist, 15th cent. DUCLOS, A. J., a Fr. engraver, last cent. DUCLOS, C. P., a Fr. hist., 1704-72. DUCOS, JEAN FRANÇOIS, one of the clearest sighted, and most honest in accepting the conse- DUDLEY, THOS., an Eng. engraver, 17th cent. quences of his convictions, of the party of Girondists, DUDLEY, THOMAS, governor of Massachusetts, was born at Bourdeaux, 1765, and was returned as was born in England in 1576, and after serving in deputy for his native city to the Constituent Assem- the army and adopting Puritanical principles, came bly in 1791, and to the National Convention in 1792. to the colony as dep. gov. in 1630. He was governor in the years 1634, 1640, 1645 and 1650. He was opposed to all toleration. He died in 1652, aged 76. DUDLEY, JOSEPH, governor of Massachusetts, son of Thomas Dudley, was born in 1647, and was graduated at Harvard in 1665. He served in the Indian war of 1675, went as agent to England in 1682, and was appointed president of Massachusetts and New Hampshire in 1686. After acting as chief justice of New York, he was eight years lieut.-governor of the Isle of Wight. Queen Anne appointed him governor of Massachusetts in 1702, and he continued in that office till 1715. He died in 1720. DUDLEY, PAUL, ch. jus. of Mass., the son of Jos. Dudley, was born in 1675, and was graduated at Harvard in 1690. After completing his study of the law in London he came back with the commission of attorney-general, which office he retained till 1718, when he was appointed judge. He published several articles on scientific subjects in the transactions of the Royal Society, relating particularly to productions of the colonies. In his will he left a legacy to Harvard college, for the support of lectures in defence of the peculiarities of New England theology, and against the doctrines of Rome. He died in 1751, aged 75. DUELLI, R., a Ger. historian, d. 1740. DUKER, C. A., a Ger. savant, 1670–1752. DULANEY, DANIEL, one of the most eminent and accomplished lawyers in America prior to the Revolution. He published in 1766, 'Considerations on the propriety of imposing taxes in the British colonies in North America, for the purpose of a revenue.' He died at the beginning of the Revolution, at Annapolis, in Maryland, where he had resided. DULAURE, J. A., a Fr. hist. and savant, mem. of the convention and council of 500, 1755–1835. DULON, LOUIS, a Germ. musician, 1769-1826. DULONG, P. L., a Fr. chemist, 1785-1828. DUMANIANT, J. A., a Fr. dram., 1754-1828. DUMARESQ, H., an English officer, distinguished in most of the battles of the late war, and at Waterloo, 1792-1838. DUMAREST, R., a Fr. Medallist, 1750-1806. DUMARSAIS, CÆSAR CHESNAU, a Fr. philologist, called by D'Alembert 'The La Fontaine of Philosophers,' 1676-1756. DUMAS, AL. DAVY, a Fr. general, 1762-1806. DUMAS, C. L., a French medical writer, 17651813. DUMAS, HILARY, a Fr. savant, died 1742. DUMAS, L., a Fr. writer on music, 1676-1744. DUMAS, M., a French general of division, minister of war under the restoration, author of me DUFEY, a French ant. and hist. writer, d. 1854. moirs, 1753-1837. DUFFET, G., a Flem. painter, 1594-1660. DUFFIELD, GEORGE, D.D., an eminent presbyterian minister in Philadelphia, born in 1732, and died in 1790. He published a Tour on the Borders of Pennsylvania.' DUFOURNY, L., a Fr. architect, 1734-1818. DUFRENOY, A. G., a Fr. poetess, 1765-1825. DUFRESNOY, ALPH., a Fr. artist, and author of a poem on painting, pub. 1684, 1611-1665. DUFRESNOY, A. I. J., a Fr. phys., 1733-1801. DUFRESNY, C. R., a Fr. dram., 1684-1724. DUGARD, Wм., an English classic, 17th cent. DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM, the famous herald, author of the Monasticum Anglicanum,' and other historical and antiquarian works of great value, dis. for his adherence to Charles I., 1605-1686. DUGHET, GASPARD, an Ital. paint., 1613-75. DUGOMMIER, J. F. COQUILLE, a Fren. general, dis. as director of the siege of Toulon, &c., born 1736, killed 1794. DUGUAY-TROUIN, RENE, a French naval commander in the Spanish war of succession, &c., 1673-1736. DUGUESCELIN, BERTRAND, a French cavalier, constable of France in the time of Charles V., chief agent in expelling the English, 1314-1380. DUGUET, J. J., a Fr. relig. wr., 1649–1733. DUHALDE, J. B., a learned Fr. Jesuit, author of Description de la Chine,' &c., 1674-1743. DUHAMEL, J. B., a Fr. eccles., dis. as a speculative and practical philos., 1624–1706. DUMAS, P., a Fr. translator, 1738-1782. DUMAS, R. F., a Fr. advocate, president of the revol. tribunal, born 1757, guillotined 1794. His brother, J. F. DUMAS, an author, 1754-1795. DUMESNIL, M. F., a Fr. actress, 1713-1803. DUMMER, JEREMIAH, an agent in England of the colony of Massachusetts, was born in Boston, and was graduated at Harvard college in 1699. Not content with the facilities for education he possessed in America, he pursued his studies for many years at the University of Utrecht, and became one of the most accomplished scholars of his time. After obtaining his doctor's degree, he returned to America, but did not remain long. He now went to England, and shortly afterwards was appointed the agent of his native colony, which office he retained from 1710 to 1721. Bolingbroke, who was then in power, was pleased with his society, made use of his talents, but corrupted his principles, and though he appears never to have abandoned his belief in revelation, he readily learned the language and profligacy of infidelity. He also disappointed the expectations of his countrymen, and sided with the Government against the Colonists. He was the author of Latin dissertation on the descent of Christ into Hell, and another on the Jewish Sabbath, besides several religious and philosophical disquisitions in the same language, and several political tracts. He died in 1729, in great remorse for the corruption of his principles, and the abuse of his great abilities. DUMMER, SHUBAEL, a congregational minister, settled at York, in Maine, who was killed during the miner-attack of the French and Indians on that place, in February, 1692,-seventy-five of the inhabitants were slain, and as many taken captive. DUHAMEL, J. P. F. GUILLOT, a French alogist, inventor of new methods for joining metals, &c., 1730-1816. DUHAMEL-DU-MONCEAU, H. Louis, a distinguished contributor to science, especially to agriculture, 1700-1782. DUHAUSSET, MADAME, a lady attached to the Marchioness Pompadour, author of Memoirs of the Court of Louis XV.,' 1720-1780. DUJARDIN, B., a Fr. historian, last cent. DUJARDIN C., a Dutch painter, 1640-1678. DUKE, RICHARD, an English divine and poet, died 1711. DUMMER, WILLIAM, lieut.-governor of Massachusetts, was commissioner, together with Governor Shute, in 1716, and presided over the province after his departure in 1723. He was also several times commander-in-chief. The Indian war was conducted by him with energy, and the affairs of the province administered with wisdom and impartiality. He died in 1761, aged 82. DUMONCEAU, J. B., a Fr. gen., 1760-1821. DUMONT, F., & Fr. portrait paint., 1751-1833. DUMONT, G. a Fr. statist. writer, 1725-88. DUMONT, G. M., an architect of the last cent. DUMONT, H., music. to Louis XV., 1610-84. DUMONT, JOHN, a political and historical writ., historiograph, to the emperor of Ger., 1660-1726. DUMONT, J., a Fr. painter, 1700-1781. DUMONT, P. S. L., born at Geneva, 1759, a friend and fellow-laborer with Mirabeau, and after, with Jeremy Bentham, whose works he translated into French, author of Souvenirs sur Mirabeau,' and 'Lettres sur Bentham;' died at Milan, 1829. DUMONT D'URVILLE, JULES SEBASTIAN CEAR, a celebrated French navigator, was born at Condé-sur-Noineau, 1791. In 1822 he went out with M. Duperry as second in command, and made the tour of the world in the corvette La Coquille. In 1826 he was appointed captain of the Astrolabe in a second voyage to the South Seas to discover, if possible, some traces of La Perouse. His voyages have enriched science with valuable collecticas of objects and discoveries, and France owes to him the Venus of Milo, besides the memoirs which illustrate his vast knowledge and intrepid seamanship. He had been named vice-admiral, when he perished with his wife and child by the accident on the Versailles railway, when the carriages were burnt on the 8th of May, 1842. [Tomb of Dumont D'Urville.] DUMOULIN, C., a Fr. jurisconsult, 1500-66. DUMOULIN, E., a Fr. journalist, 1776-1833. DUMOULIN, P., a Fr. prot. theol., 1568-1658. DUMOURIEZ, ANNE FRANÇOIS DUPERRIER, a commissary of the French army, author of a translation of 'Ricciardetto,' an Ital. poem, 1707-69. [Dumouries.] cessively the little island of Corsica, the kingdom of DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANÇOIS DUPERRIER, |