- GRIFFONI, M., an Ital. historian, 1351-1426. GRIGNAN, FRANCES MARGARET DE SEVIGNE, Countess De, an accomplished French lady, daughter of the celeb. Madame de Sevigne, and author of a 'Résumé' of the system of Fenelon, 1648-1705. GRILL, C., a Swedish economist, 1705-1767. GRIMALDI, the name of an illustrious family of Genoa, distinguished as partisans of the Guelphs, the principal members of which are-RANIERI GRIMALDI, a naval commander, served as admiral of France in 1314. ANTONIO GRIMALDI, also a naval commander and admiral, at length defeated by the combined fleets of Catalonia and Venice, under Pisani, in 1314. GIOVANNI GRIMALDI, renowned for a great victory over the Venetian admiral, Nicolo Trevisani, in May, 1431. DOMENICO GRIMALDI, cardinal-archbishop and vice-legate of Avignon, distinguished at the battle of Lepanto 1571, d. 1592.GERONIMO GRIMALDI, papal nuncio to Germany and France, and a disting. philanthropist, 1597-1685. GRIMALDI, F., a Neap. architect, 16th century. GRIMALDI, F. M., an Italian math., 1613-63. GRIMALDI, GIOVANNI, a distinguished landscape and historical painter, also conspicuous as an architect and engraver, was born at Bologna in 1606.Died 1680. GRIMALDI, J., an Italian savant, died 1623. GRIMALDI, Jos., a celeb. clown, 1779-1837. GRIMALDI, MARQUIS, auth. of a 'Project for Reforming the Pub. Economy of Nap.,' 1735-1805. GRIMALDI, WM., Marquis Grimaldi of Genoa, an employé of the East India Co., 1785-1828. GRIMAIN, ANTH., doge of Venice, 1521-1523. GRIMAIN, DOMENICO, son of the preceding, a learned cardinal and patron of letters, 1460-1523. GRIMAIN, H., a Dutch painter, 1599-1629. GRIMAIN, MARI., doge of Venice, 1595-1605. GRIMAUD, J. C. W. DE, a French physiologist and medical writer, 1750-1789. GRIMBALD, ST., a Flemish ecclesiastic of the 9th century, also an architect and said to have been the constructor of the crypt of St. Peter's church, Oxford GRIMBOLD, GRIMBALD, or GRIMVALD, NICHOLAS, an Engl. poet and translator, 16th ct. GRIMM, FREDERIC MELCHIOR, Baron De, joint author with Diderot of a posthumous work in 16 volumes, entitled 'Correspondance Littéraire Philosophique et Critique,' containing the history of French literature from 1753 to 1790. Baron Grimm is also the author of some smaller works published in his lifetime, and was in several political employments as minister and secretary. Born at Ratisbon 1723, died 1807. GRIMM, J. F. C., a Ger. physician, 1737-1821. GRIMKE, THOMAS SMITH, an eminent lawyer, born at Charleston, S. Carolina, in 1778, where he practised his profession. He was a strong advocate of peace with Great Britain. Died 1834. [Residence of Governor Roger Griewold, Lyme.] GRISWOLD, ROGER, governor of Connecticut, was born at Lyme, Mass., May 21, 1762, and grad uated at Yale college in 1780, afterwards studied law. In 1807 he was appointed a judge of the supreme court of Mass. In 1809 he was chosen Lient. Governor, and in 1811 Governor. He died Oct. 25, 1812, aged 50. GRISWOLD, ALEX. V., an Amer. Episcopal bishop of the Eastern diocese, d. 1843, aged 76. GRITTI, ANDREA, doge of Venice, 1523-1538. GROCYN, W., a learned Englishman, 1442-1519. GROENING, a German historian, 17th century. GROGNIER, L. F., a Fr. natural., 1775-1837. GROHMANN, JOHN GODFREY, a laborious translator and compiler, professor of philosophy at Leipzig, author of a Dict. of the Arts,' 1763-1805. GROLLIER, JOHN, grand treasurer to Francis I., born at Lyons in 1479. He was the friend and patron of men of letters, and bestowed pensions on several of them. Died 1565. GRONOV, or GRONOVIUS, the name of a celebrated Dutch family of savants, the principal of whom are-JOHN FREDERIC, professor of the BellesLettres, and editor of many classics, 1611-1671JAMES, his son, a critical and philological writer, 1645-1716. LAURENCE THEOPHILUS, brother of James, an antiquarian and philologist,dates unknown. ABRAHAM, eldest son of James, a physician and ge ographical author, dates unknown. JOHN FREDERIC, and LAURENCE THEODORE, brothers of Abraham, distinguished as naturalists, the former died 1760, the latter 1778. GRIMKE, JOHN F., a judge of the supreme court GROPP, IGNATIUS, a German hist., 1695-1758. GRINDAL, EDMUND, abp. of Canterbury, contributor to Fox's 'Acts and Monuments,' 1519-83. GROS, NICH. LE, a Fr. theologian, 1675-1751. GROS, PETER DES, a French moralist, 15th ct. GROS, PETER LE, a French sculptor, 1666-1719 GROSE, FRANCIS, an eminent English antiquary and heraldist, au. of Antiquities of England and Wales,' A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons,' Military Antiquities,' 'A Collection of Prov erbs,' 'A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, A Provincial Glossary,' 1731-91. GROSLEY, P. J., a French essayist, 1718-85. GROSS, DAVID GABRIEL Albert DE, a German writer on military tactics, 1756-1809. GROSS, J. G., a Germ. naturalist, 1581-1630. GROSS, J. G., a Bavarian author, 1703-1768. GROSSER, S., a German philologist, 1664-1736. GROSSETESTE, GROSTETE, or GROSTHEAD, ROBT., a learned bp. of Lincoln, 1175-1253. GROSSI, TOMMASO, an Italian poet, author of 'Lombards at the First Crusade,' 'Marco Visconti,' and 'La Piozzia d'oro et la Fuggitibe.' Died 1853, aged 65. GROSSMANN, GUSTAV. FRED. WM., a celebrated German actor and dramatic writer, 1746-1796. GROSSON, J. B. B., a Fr. archeol., 1733-1800. GROSVENOR, B., an Engl. dissent., 1675-1758. GROTEFREND, GEORGE FRIEDRICH, a German philosopher and antiquarian. He is said to have been the first who supplied a Key to the Persepolitan Cuneiform inscriptions. He was the author of numerous works. Died 1853, aged 78. GROTIUS, or GROOT, HUGO, a jurist, divine, historian, and general scholar, was born at Delft, in Holland, on 10th April, 1583. When eleven years old, he was sent to the newly-established protestant university at Leyden, where he had the fortune to study under Joseph Scaliger. He was so precocious, not only in the acquisition of knowledge, but in the capacity of imparting his acquirements by literature, that at the age of fifteen he might be said to have a European reputation, and he was then received with distinction at the court of Henry the Great. Nor did his boyish attainments indicate a premature exhaastion of his powers; on the contrary, his mind seems to have grown with every year added to his age, and he was ever accumulating new intellectual riches and enlarging his capacities. In 1613 he obtained the important office of pensionary of Rotterdam. But it was unfortunate that one whose conquests in important studies were so valuable, should have had his time occupied, and his mind distracted by the wretched polemical conflict which then shook the Netherlands. He became one of the illustrious victims whose sufferings are a scandal to the otherwise magnanimous history of the Dutch during that period. He involved himself with his friend, the great pensionary Barneveldt, in the Arminian controversy, and in 1619 was condemned to perpetual imprisonment by the triumphant party. He was one of those whose prison hours have enriched the world, and the quantity of books which he kept passing to and fro in the end furnished the means of his escape. It was accomplished by his wife, Mary Reygensberg, a daughter of one of the great Dutch aristocratic families, who managed to have him removed from the prison in one of the book trunks. The works which he had hitherto published, scientific, critical, and poetical, are now comparatively obscure, but in prison he prepared his little treatise, De Veritate Religionis Christianae, which has been perhaps the most popular Evidences of Christianity' ever published, and has been translated into every civilized tongue. But it was when subsequently living in retirement in France that he published his De Jure Belli et Pacis, the foundation of the international law and European diplomacy of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Though it consisted properly of speculations derived from the principles of Roman jurisprudence, it was accepted as if it were the authoritative enunciation of the law of nations. After having, in his advanced years, visited various countries, he died on the 28th of August, 1645. [J.H.B.] GROTTO, LUIGI, an Italian poet, 1541–1583. GROUCHY, EMANUEL, Count, a marshal of the French empire, born at Paris 1766, and known as a brave and successful soldier in the wars of Napoleon, is chiefly memorable for the fatuity which seemed to rule his conduct at the battle of Waterloo. With thirty-five thousand men, and eighty pieces of cannon under his orders, he remained immovable, either by the prayers or threats of the other generals, in a position which could only be justified by the strict letter of his instructions. It is not certain that he intended to betray the cause of Napoleon, but his culpable indecision certainly contributed to the disaster which befell the French arms. He was twice afterwards summoned before a council of war, but each time escaped judgment in consequence of the court's declaring itself incompetent. Grouchy was included in the special amnesty of 1819, and restored to his military rank on the accession of Louis Philippe. He died in 1847. GROUCHY, N. DE, a French savant, died 1572. GROUCHY, SOPHIA, sister of Marshal Grouchy, and widow of Condorcet, known as the translat. of Adam Smith's Theory of the Moral Sentiments,' and auth. of 'Letters upon Sympathy,' died 1822. GROULART, CL., a French jurist, 1551-1607. GROVE, HEN., a dissent. minister, au. of 'An Essay on the Soul's Immortality,' &c., 1683–1738. GROVE, JOSEPH, an English writer, d. 1764. GRUBENMANN, JOHN UTRIO and JOHN, two ingenious mechanics (brothers), born in Switzerland, who were the constructors of several extraordinary wooden bridges, among others one at Shaffhausen across the Rhine, nearly 400 feet in length, built without piers. Both died towards the end of the eighteenth century. GRUBER, G. M., a German savant, 1739-99. GRUBER, G. W., a Germ. composer, 1729-1796. His son, J. SIGISMUND, a savant, 1759-1805. GRUBER, J. D. a Flemish historian, 1709-48. GRUEBER, J., an Italian missionary, 1630–65. GRUNEUS, S., a German historian, 1564-1628. GRUNDY, FELIX, a senator of the United States, was born in Virginia 1777. Practised law with distinction in Kentucky, where he removed at an early age. He was chosen a member of the legislature of that state in 1799, and in 1806 was appointed one of the judges of the supreme court, and afterwards chief justice. Having removed to Tennessee, he was sent to Congress in 1811, and appointed senator in 1829. He was subsequently attorney-general. Died 1840. GRUNET, T. S., a Swiss naturalist, died 1778. GRUPERS, CH. U., a Greek hist., 1692-1767. GRUTER, or GRYTERE, JOHN, a dist. philol. and antiquarian of the Netherlands, 1560-1627. GRYMES, JOHN R., a distinguished American lawyer established at New Orleans, was born in Virginia 1786, emigrated to Louisiania in 1808, where he soon became foremost in rank, as a legal advocate and public man. He was a volunteer aid to General Jackson in the defence of New Orleans in 1815, was subsequently U. S. district attorney, attorney general, member of the several conventions for framing and amending the constitution of Louisiana, and one of the ablest and most eloquent members of the bar in that State. Died 1854. JOHN GRYNÆUS, SIMON, a German philosopher, classical scholar, and theologian, 1493-1541. JAMES, his grandnephew, also a theologian and biblical commentator, 1540-1618. GRYPHIUS, AND., a German dramatist, 16161664. His son CHRISTIAN, a lrnd. wr., 1649-1706 GRYPHIUS, S., a German printer, 1493–1556. GUA-DE-MALVES, JEAN PAUL, a French geometrician and economist, disting. in France as the planner of the Encyclopédie, 1712-1786. GUADET, M. E., a French republican of the Girondist party, executed at Bourdeaux, 1794. GUALARDI, J. B., an Italian transl., d. 1570. GUALDO-PRIORATO, CALEAZZO, an Italian hist., au. of 'Hist. of the Wars of Ferdinand II. and Ferdinand III.,' 'Hist. of Leopold,' 1606-78. GUALTERUS, or GWALTHER, RODOLPH, a Swiss reformer, son-in-law of Zuinglius, 1519-86. GUALTIERI, N., an Italian naturalist, d. 1747. GUARIN, P., a French Orientalist, 1678-1729. GUARINI, C. G., an Italian architect, 1624-83. GUARINI, BATTISTA, a distinguished Italian poet, and secretary to Alphonso Duke of Ferrara, was born at Ferrara in 1537. His compositions were much admired, particularly a pastoral drama, entitled 'Il Pastor Fido.' Died in 1612. GUARINI, or GUARINO, a Latin and Greek scholar, dist. at the revival of learning, died 1460. GUATIMOZIN, or QUAUTEMOTZIN, the last king of Mexico, murdered by Cortez 1522. GUAY-TROUIN. See DUGUAY-TROUIN. GUAZZESI, L., an Italian savant, 1708–1764. GUAZZO, MARK, an Italian historian, d. 1556. GUAZZO, S., an Italian author, 1530-1593. GUELDRE, EDWARD, first duke of the name, son of Renaud II., count of Nassau, 1336–1371. GUELF, or GUELPH, the name of the great historical party or faction of the middle ages, derived from the name of a family connected with the Saxon princes, and from which the house of Brunswick is descended. The first of the name, duke of Bavaria, reigned 1071-1108. The second, who was his son and successor, died 1120. The parties which divided Europe for so many ages took the name of Guelphs and Ghibellines, after the battle of Weinberg in 1140, when the Saxon army was commanded by Welfon, or Guelph, brother of duke Henry. The Guelphs may be regarded in history as the party of freedom and progress. GUENCE, ANTH., a French author, 1717-1803. GUER, J. A., a mis. French wr., 1713–1764. GUERCHOIS, MAD., a relig. wr., 1679-1840. GUERCINO. GIOVANNI FRANCESCO BARBIERI, commonly called GUERCINO from a cast in his eye, was born at Cento, near Bologna, in 1590: he was self-taught. He spent some time at Rome, but lived chiefly at Cento, until the death of Guido in 1642, when he settled in Bologna, where he died rich in 1666. Guercino was an imitator of Caravaggio, and is one of the principal so-called Tenebrosi masters, from the great depth and blackness of their shadows, but upon his settlement in Bologna he modified his manner, endeavoring to bring it nearer to that of Guido.-(Passeri, Vite de' Pittori, &c.; Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice.) [R.N.W.] GUERICKE, OTTO VON, a German experimental philoso., inventor of the air pump, &c., 1602-1686. GUERRA, J., an Italian architect, 1544-1618. GUERRERO, VINCENTE, one of the insurgent chiefs of Spanish America, president of the Mexican republic in 1829, vanquished and shot by Bustamente in February, 1831. GUERRINO, T., an Italian mathemat., 17th ct. GUETTARD, J. S., a Fr. naturalist, 1715–86. GUEVARA, ANTH., a Spanish prelate, celebrated as an eloquent preacher, died 1544. His nephew, of the same name, a biblical comraentator. GUEVARA, J. N. DE, a Sp. painter, 1631-98. GUEVARA, LOUIS VELEZ DE LAS DUENAS Y, a Spanish novelist and dramatic author, 1574-1646. GUEVARA, DON PHILIP, a Spanish painter and writer on art, died 1563. His son DIEGO, a distinguished mathematician, died 1566. GUEVARA, S., a Spanish poet, 1558-1610. GUIBERT, a French historian, 1053-1124. GUIBERT, an anti-pope, elected 1080, d. 1110. GUIBERT, C. B., Count De, a French military officer, 1715-1786. His son, JAMES ANTHONY HIPPOLYTUS, a writer on tactics, 1743-1789. GUICCIARDINI, FRANCESCO, an eminent Italian historian and diplomatist, 1482-1540. GUICCIARDINI, LUIGI, a nephew of the illus trious historian, au. of political works, 1521-1589. GUICHE, ARMAND, Count. See GRAMONT. GUICHE, CL. DE LA, a French prelate, d. 1555. GUICHE, J. F. DE LA, honorably known in Fr. history as the marshal de St. Geran, 1569–1632. GUICHE, P. DE LA, a diplomatist, 1464-1544. GUICHE, PHILIBERT DE LA, a distinguished French soldier, commander of the artillery at the battle of Ivry, 1540-1598. GUIDI, C. A., an Italian lyric poet, 1650-1712. GUIDI, L., a French theologian, 1710-1780. GUIDO, D'AREZZO, an Ital. musician, 10th ct. GUIDO RENI, was born at Bologna in 1575, and became one of the most distinguished pupils of the Carracci: he lived long in Rome, but settled finally, and died in his native place, 18th August, 1642. He painted in various styles, his earlier was somewhat in the forcible manner of Caravaggio, he afterwards cultivated the ideal, and adopted a rather silvery tone of color. Guido, though in the receipt of a princely income, from the enormous and constant demand for his pictures, died in debt: he was so embarrassed by his extravagant habits, that he used to sell his time at so much per hour to the dealers, who on some occasions, it seems, were so exacting as to stand by him, watch in hand, to see that he performed the stipulated amount of labor. There are eight pictures by Guido in the National Gallery. He formed a considerable school; the most celebrated of his scholars was Simone Cantarini, called il Pesarese, by whom there is a remarkable portrait of Guido in the Gallery of Bologna.— (Passeri, Vite de' Pittori, &c.; Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice, &c.) [R.N.W.] GUIDOTTI, PAOLO, an Ital. paint., 1569-1629. GUIENNE, CHARLES OF FRANCE, duke of, brother of Louis XI., and formerly duc de Berri, 1446–72. GUIENNE, WILLIAM, count of Poitiers, and duke of, one of the earliest troubadours, 1071-1126. GUIGNES, JOSEPH DE, a Fr. Oriental scholar, and historian of the Huns, Turks, &c., 1721-1800. GUILD, WILLIAM, a Scotch divine, 1585-1657. GUILLAIN, S., a French sculptor, 1581-1658. GUILLARD, N. F., a Fr. dramat., 1752-1814. GUILLAMET, CH. AXEL, an architect and man of letters, born at Stockholm of French parents, 1730-1807. GUILLAUMET, F., a surgical writer, 17th ct. GUILLEMAIN, C. J., a Fr. dramat., 1750-99. GUILLEMEAN, JAMES, a celebrated French writer on surgery, a pupil of Riolan, 1559-1613. His son, CHARLES, a physician, 1588-1656. GUILLEMINE, GUILLEMETTE, or GUILLELMA, a female visionary, founder of a sect, 13th et. GUILLEMINOT, ANNE CHARLES, Count, a native of Belgium, employed by Napoleon as ambassador, and by the duc d'Angouleme, 1774-1840. GUILLIAND, C., a French divine, 16th century. GUILLIM, JOHN, an English writer on heraldry, whose great work, 'The Display of Heraldry,' was really founded on a MS. presented to him by Dr. Barcham, the author. Guillim was born about | 1565, was appointed rouge-croix pursuivant of arms 1617, and died 1621. GUILLIMARM, F., a German historian and aaa, author of 'De Rebus Helvetiorum,' &c., 16th century. GUILLORE, G., a Fr. religious writer, d. 1684. GUILLOTIN, JOSEPH IGNATIUS, a French physician and deputy to the states-general, whose name has been given to the instrument of death which he caused to be brought into use from humane motives in the course of the French revolution, born at Saintes 1738, died 1814. GUINET, F., a French jurisconsult, 1604-81. GUIRAND, CL, a French philosopher, d. 1657. GUIRAND, GALLIARD, a French antiquarian, and counsellor of state to the Prince of Orange, was born in 1600, died 1680. GULDENSTAEDT, JOHN ANTHONY, a famou Russian traveller and naturalist, 1745-1781. GULDINUS, P., a Germ. mathematician, 15771643. GUISARD, P., a Fr. surgical writer, 1700-46. GUISCARD, ROBERT, first Norman duke of Apulia and Calabria, died in Cephalonia 1085. GUISCHARD, CH. GOTTLIEB, a German preacher, afterwards aid-de-camp to Frederick the Great, and author of works on military tactics, 1724-75. GUMILLA, P. J., a Span, missionary, last cent. 1729. GUNDULF, a Norman ecclesiastic and architect, time of William the Conqueror, builder of the Tower of London and Rochester castle, died 1108. GUNNER, JOHN ERNEST, bishop of Drontheim in Norway, distinguished as a botanist, 1718-73. GUNNING, P., an English prelate, 1613-1684. GUNST, P. VAN, a Dutch engraver, last cent. GUNTER, EDMUND, an English mathematician and astronomer, inventor of a famous rule of proportion known as Gunter's scale, 1581-1626. GUNTHER, J. C., a German poet, 1695-1723. 1833. GUNZ, J. G., a German naturalist, 1714-1754. GURTLER, N., a Swiss protest.wr., 1654-1711. GUSMAN, LEWIS, a Spanish missionary, d. 1605. GUISE, the name of an illustrious French fami- GUSTAVUS. The kings of Sweden of this name ly, the founder of which was CLAUDE, son of Rene are-GUSTANUS (VASA) I., born 1490, elected king II, duke of Lorraine, who obtained letters of natu- by the states after defeating Christian of Denmark ralization from Louis XII., in 1506, distinguished 1533, abolished the Roman Catholic religion 1529, himself at the battle of Marignano 1515, was demanded and obtained the succession in his family created duke of Guise in Picardy by Francis I. in after subduing the revolt of the Dalecarlians 1555, 1527, and died in 1550. The duke of Guise having died 1560. GUSTAVUS (ADOLPHUS) II. See next married into the royal family, one of his daughters article. GUSTAVUS III., born 1746, succeeded 1771, espoused James V. of Scotland, and became the shot by Ankarstroem while preparing to march mother of Mary Stuart. His eldest son, FRANCIS, against the French republic 1792. GUSTAVUS who succeeded to the dukedom, was one of the most (ADOLPHUS) IV., son and successor of the latter, remarkable men of the age, and was king of France and like him, remarkable for his chivalrous spirit in all but the name. He was the chief of the catho- and obstinate enmity against the French; deposed lie 'League,' opposed to Condé and the Huguenots, and banished the country 1809, died in Switzerland, and was assassinated 1563. The son and successor, after wandering through the greater part of Europe of the latter, HENRY DUKE OF GUISE, born 1550, under various names, and in the most straitened inherited the power and ambition of his father, and circumstances, 1837. was one of the chief actors in the massacre of St. Bartholomew. He was assassinated by order of the king 1588. The brother of Francis, and uncle of Henry duke, of Guise, generally known as the CARDINAL OF LORRAINE, was the minister of Francis II. and Charles IX., and like the other members of his family, a cruel bigot and persecutor of the protestants, flourished 1525-1574. CHARLES, the fourth duke of Guise, eld. son of Henry the third duke, and Catherine of Cleves, became one of the chiefs of the League three years after the death of his father, and was governor of Provence, 1571-1640. HENRY OF LORRAINE, the fith duke, who became generalissimo of the Neapolitan insurgents in the revolt against Spain, and afterwards grand-chamberlain of France, was born 1614, and died 1664. The sixth duke of Guise, known also as LOUIS JOSEPH OF LORRAINE, and prince de Joinville, a military officer under Louis XIV., flourished 16501671. The last of this house was a posthumous son of the latter, who died about four years afterwards. GUISE, CLAUDE, a violent partisan of the league, natural son of Claude the first duke, died 1612. GUISE, WILLIAM, an English divine, 1653-84. GUITTONE, [Gustavus.] GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, born December 9, 1594, succeeded his father, Charles IX., on the throne of Sweden, October 30, 1611. In the early part of his reign, the Poles and Russians attacked Sweden; GUTTON, JOHN, a patriot of Rochelle, 1626. but the young king, putting himself at the head of the Swedish army, made a noble resistance, and ulan Italian poet, 13th century. timately forced his enemies to accede to a peace GUIZOT, ELIZABETH CHARLOTTE PAULINE DE (1629), by which Sweden gained important extenMEULAN, Madame, wife of the distinguished states- sion of her territory. At this time the emperor 1827 author of novels and works for youth, 1773- Ferdinand II. was engaged in a war of persecution 1897. MARGARET ELIZA DILSON, niece of the pre- against the protestants and the free states of Gerseding, and second wife of M. Guizot, also an many. Sweden was an intensely protestant counauthoress, 1804-1833. try, and could not behold with indifference the rapid pure and just in all his dealings, and unfeignedly GUTHRIE, WILLIAM, a miscellaneous writer, was born in 1708, at Brechin, Scotland, educated at King's College, Aberdeen, and having removed to England commenced authorship in London. Among his various works are Histories of England and Scot GUTLER, N., a German savant, 1654-1711. strides which the Roman Catholic despot of Austria, [Tomb of Gustavus Adolphus.] words himself; and then he led his cavalry into the critical part of the fight. He was shot dead early 'n the battle, but his army gained a complete victoty.-Gustavus Adolphus was simple in his habits, [Statue of Guttenberg at Mayence.] GUTTENBERG, or GUTENBERG, JOHN, a 3tive of Sulgeloch, near Mentz in Germany, was born in 1400, and died on the 24th of February, 1468. He is supposed to have made his first experimenta in the art of printing with movable types between 1434 and 1439, but it was in 1443 that he turned his invention to account, and brought upon himself the persecution of the priests and writers. There are some points not cleared up in the history of this invention, but it is now generally agreed that the honor belongs to John Guttenberg, and a society named after him meets yearly in his native city, where, also, a beautiful statue by Thorwaldsen has been erected to his memory. GUTZIKOW, a Russian musician, 1806-1837. GUTZLAFF, REV. CHARLES, the celebrated missionary to Chiua, a German by birth, but encouraged by British favor; died at Hong Kong 1851, aged 48. He was the author of travels and of various accounts of the scenes of his labors in the East. GUY, THOMAS, the founder of the hospital of that name, which he built and endowed at an expense of nearly a quarter of a million sterling, was born 1644, and accumulated his immense fortune, of nearly twice that amount, by stock-jobbing and the purchase of seamen's tickets. He was also the founder of alms-houses and a library at Tamworth, and a great benefactor of Christ's Hospital, and left a sum of £80,000 to be divided amongst his relations. He died in 1724. GUYARD, ADELAIDE, a French painter, 1749 1803. GUYARD, ANTH., a French monk, 1692-1770. GUYARD, B., a French theologian, 1601-1674. GUYARD, J., a French historian, died about 1600. |